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Eleftheriadou D, Berg M, Phillips JB, Shipley RJ. A combined experimental and computational framework to evaluate the behavior of therapeutic cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1980-1996. [PMID: 35445744 PMCID: PMC9323509 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have explored the potential of tissue‐mimetic scaffolds in encouraging nerve regeneration. One of the major determinants of the regenerative success of cellular nerve repair constructs (NRCs) is the local microenvironment, particularly native low oxygen conditions which can affect implanted cell survival and functional performance. In vivo, cells reside in a range of environmental conditions due to the spatial gradients of nutrient concentrations that are established. Here we evaluate in vitro the differences in cellular behavior that such conditions induce, including key biological features such as oxygen metabolism, glucose consumption, cell death, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Experimental measurements are used to devise and parameterize a mathematical model that describes the behavior of the cells. The proposed model effectively describes the interactions between cells and their microenvironment and could in the future be extended, allowing researchers to compare the behavior of different therapeutic cells. Such a combinatorial approach could be used to accelerate the clinical translation of NRCs by identifying which critical design features should be optimized when fabricating engineered nerve repair conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eleftheriadou
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE
| | - M Berg
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE
| | - J B Phillips
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX
| | - R J Shipley
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6B.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE
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Jing J, Jiang H, Zhang L. Endothelial progenitor cells promote neural stem cell proliferation in hypoxic conditions through VEGF via the PI3K/AKT pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2022; 42:479-485. [PMID: 35042445 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.2019275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and vascular cells compose neurovascular niches in the central nervous system where endothelial cells can promote neurogenesis via direct and indirect effects. Neurocytes and vascular cells are gravely destroyed upon spinal cord injury, which severely affects spinal motor functions. Neurogenesis originates from neural stem cells (NSCs) and endothelial cells derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the spinal cord. To demonstrate whether EPCs promote NSC proliferation, we cultured NSCs with EPC-conditioned medium from hypoxic conditions (CM) and EPC-unconditioned medium (UCM), i.e. endothelial cell basal medium-2, as a control. The number of S-phase cells in CM were 54.73 ± 0.67 whereas those in UCM were 26.30 ± 0.43, and the number of cells in CM was higher than that in UCM (0.32 ± 0.0019 vs. 0.55 ± 0.0029). We hypothesized that the cell proliferation was promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is secreted by EPCs in hypoxic conditions. We then used VEGF shRNA to decrease VEGFA secretion by EPCs. NSCs were cultured in conditioned medium from shRNA transfected EPCs under hypoxia (shRNA-CM) and EPC-conditioned medium under hypoxia (CM). The number of S-phase cells in the shRNA-CM was 36.86 ± 0.49 whereas that in CM was 53.61 ± 0.89, and the number of cells in the shRNA-CM was lower than that in CM (0.55 ± 0.0032 vs. 0.34 ± 0.0029). These data indicate that EPCs could promote NSC proliferation in hypoxic condition through VEGFA secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingti Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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3
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de Gois da Silva ML, da Silva Oliveira GL, de Oliveira Bezerra D, da Rocha Neto HJ, Feitosa MLT, Argôlo Neto NM, Rizzo MDS, de Carvalho MAM. Neurochemical properties of neurospheres infusion in experimental-induced seizures. Tissue Cell 2018; 54:47-54. [PMID: 30309509 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement through neural stem cells has been a promising alternative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. It was evaluated the possible protect and/or prevent role of neurospheres in experimental models of epilepsy by the use of biomarkers of oxidative stress and histopathological analysis. After 1 h of the epileptic inductions by pilocarpine, pentylenotetrazole and picrotoxin, rats were infused with a suspension of 2 × 106 cells/0.25 mL, marked with Qtracker® 655, via caudal vein. In the control group epilepsy was not induced, but received the cell infusion under the same conditions of other groups. After 30 days, the rats were euthanized, and the removal of the brain was proceeded to later perform the assays oxidative stress and histopathology analysis. Thiobarbituric acid and nitrite levels were elevated in epileptic groups treated with neurospheres, and the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced when compared to non-treated groups. The performance of oxidative enzymes from pilocarpine group treated with neurospheres showed slight increase. Histopathological evaluation observed distribution of neurospheres throughout the brain tissue, with viable cells and in process of differentiation in the pilocarpine group, but with differentiation and regeneration compromised in epilepsy by picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazole due to a microenvironment of oxidative stress. Neural stem cell therapy has a promising potential for protection in the pilocarpine epilepsy model, suggesting that the antioxidant system of neurospheres could reduce oxidative damage generated by seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Laylson da Silva Oliveira
- Postgraduate program in biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil; Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte - MT, Guarantã do Norte Campus, Brazil.
| | - Dayseanny de Oliveira Bezerra
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Hermínio José da Rocha Neto
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Levi Tajra Feitosa
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil; State University of Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil.
| | - Napoleão Martins Argôlo Neto
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Dos Santos Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Maria Acelina Martins de Carvalho
- Postgraduate program in biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil; Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
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Wu ZK, Cao L, Zhang XY, Song WT, Xia XB. Promotion on the differentiation of retinal Müller cells into retinal ganglion cells by Brn-3b. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:948-54. [PMID: 27500099 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of Brn-3b in differentiation process of stem cells derived from retinal Müller cells into the ganglion cell. METHODS The passage culture method of Müller cells from retina of newborn Sprague Dawley rats was carried out by repeated incomplete pancreatic enzyme digestion method. The cells were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), immunohistochemistry technology and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the purity. The third passage of cells was induced in the serum-free dedifferentiation medium. The expression of the specific markers Ki-67 and nestin of retinal stem cells was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. The cell proliferation of retinal stem cells was detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Edu) staining. The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: group A: Brn-3bsiRNA group; group B: Brn-3b control siRNA group; group C: pGC-Brn-3b-green fluorescent protein (GFP) group; group D: pGC-GFP group; group E: control group (without any handling). The purified Müller cells were cultured for 3-7d, then, the percentage of ganglion cells was counted by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS FACS demonstrated the purity of retinal Müller cells was more 97.44%. A few spherical cell spheres appeared. Immunofluorescence staining showed that stem cells within the spheres were positive for retinal stem cell-specific markers nestin (red fluorescence, 92.94%±6.48%) and Ki-67 (green fluorescence, 85.96%±6.04%). Meanwhile, RT-PCR analysis showed cell spheres in the culture to have expressed a battery of transcripts characteristic of stem cells such as nestin and Ki-67, which were absent in the Müller cells. Western blot analysis further confirmed the expression of nestin and Ki-67 in the cell spheres but not in the Müller cells. Edu staining showed most of the nuclei within the cell spheres were stained red (82.80%±6.65%), suggesting the new cell spheres had the capacity for effective proliferation. The statistics result showed the difference between Brn-3bsiRNA group and Brn-3b control siRNA group or the control group was significant (F=15, P<0.05), while the difference between Brn-3b control siRNA group or the control group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The repeated incomplete pancreatic enzyme digestion method is an efficient and practical method to purify retinal Müller cells. Retinal stem cells were successfully cloned in the dedifferentiational medium. Retinal Müller cells are accessible sources of retinal stem cells. Brn-3b is an important regulatory gene in stem cells differentiated into retinal ganglion cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kai Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei-Tao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Jiang C, Yu K, Wu Y, Xie H, Liu G, Wu J, Jia J, Kuang S. Enriched Environment Enhances Poststroke Neurological Function Recovery on Rat: Involvement of p-ERK1/2. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1590-1598. [PMID: 27068861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence shows that exposure to an enriched environment (EE) after cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury is neuroprotective in animal models, including that EE enhances functional recovery after ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. To clarify this critical issue, the current study investigated the effects of EE on the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) after cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury of rat. METHODS Adult rats were subjected to ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Ladder walking task and limb-use asymmetry task were used to test the recovery of rat behavior on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and days 3, 7, 14, respectively. On the eighth day after MCAO, infarct volume was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and total ERK1/2 were examined by western blot, and electron microscopy was used to evaluate the astrocytes morphology surround in the perivascular 14 days after MCAO. RESULTS EE improves the recovery of coordination and integration of motor movements on rats after cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury. EE downregulates the level of p-ERK1/2 in the rat cortex after cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury. Furthermore, EE reduces astrocytic swelling and injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EE could promote rehabilitation after ischemia via regulation of p-ERK1/2 expression, which may provide a therapeutic approach for cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury. The suppression of postischemic astrocytic swelling in the brain of the ischemic rats through the intervention of EE would be one of the underlying mechanisms in the protective effect of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenyi Kuang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Salmina AB, Komleva YK, Szijártó IA, Gorina YV, Lopatina OL, Gertsog GE, Filipovic MR, Gollasch M. H2S- and NO-Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Amyloid Vasculopathy: Synergism or Antagonism? Front Physiol 2015; 6:361. [PMID: 26696896 PMCID: PMC4675996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's type of neurodegeneration dramatically affects H2S and NO synthesis and interactions in the brain, which results in dysregulated vasomotor function, brain tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, development of perivascular inflammation, promotion of Aβ deposition, and impairment of neurogenesis/angiogenesis. H2S- and NO-signaling pathways have been described to offer protection against Alzheimer's amyloid vasculopathy and neurodegeneration. This review describes recent developments of the increasing relevance of H2S and NO in Alzheimer's disease (AD). More studies are however needed to fully determine their potential use as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's and other forms of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - István A. Szijártó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
| | - Yana V. Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga L. Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina E. Gertsog
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Milos R. Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
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7
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Agarwal P, Kumar M, Kumar K, Singh R, Mahapatra PS, Kumar A, Bhure SK, Malakar D, Sarkar M, Bag S. Isolation and propagation of neural stem cells in caprine (Capra hircus). Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:953-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Agarwal
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Renu Singh
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Puspendra Saswat Mahapatra
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Biotechnology; Indian veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Bhure
- Division of Biochemistry; Indian veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Dhruba Malakar
- Division of Biotechnology; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Nuclear Research Laboratory; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sadhan Bag
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
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Vissapragada R, Contreras MA, da Silva CG, Kumar VA, Ochoa A, Vasudevan A, Selim MH, Ferran C, Thomas AJ. Bidirectional crosstalk between periventricular endothelial cells and neural progenitor cells promotes the formation of a neurovascular unit. Brain Res 2014; 1565:8-17. [PMID: 24675025 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between neural progenitor cells (NPC) and endothelial cells (EC) from adult vascular beds have been well explored previously. However, the factors and signaling mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis are most prevalent during embryonic development. This study aimed to determine whether embryonic brain endothelial cells from the periventricular region (PVEC) present an advantage over adult brain EC in supporting NPC growth and differentiation. PVEC were isolated from E15 mouse brains, processed, and sorted with immunomagnetic beads using antibodies against CD31/PECAM. On immunofluorescence (IF) staining, nearly all cells were positive for EC markers CD31 and CD144/VE-Cadherin. In proliferation studies, NPC proliferation was highest in transwell co-culture with PVEC, approximately 2.3 fold increase compared to baseline versus 1.4 fold increase when co-cultured with adult brain endothelial cells (ABEC). These results correlated with the PVEC mediated delay in NPC differentiation, evidenced by high expression of progenitor marker Nestin evaluated by IF staining. Upon further characterization of PVEC in an angiogenesis assay measuring cord length, PVEC exhibited a high capacity to form cords in basal conditions compared to ABEC. This was enhanced in the presence of NPC, with both cell types displaying a preferential structural alignment resembling neurovascular networks. PVEC also expressed high Vegfa levels at baseline in comparison to NPC and ABEC. Vegfa levels increased when co-cultured with NPC. We demonstrate that PVEC and NPC co-cultures act synergistically to promote the formation of a neurovascular unit through dynamic and reciprocal communication. Our results suggest that PVEC/NPC could provide promising neuro-regenerative therapies for patients suffering brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vissapragada
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mauricio A Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Cleide G da Silva
- The Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vivek A Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Angelica Ochoa
- College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Anju Vasudevan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - Magdy H Selim
- Stroke Division, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; The Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ajith J Thomas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
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Ara J, De Montpellier S. Hypoxic-preconditioning enhances the regenerative capacity of neural stem/progenitors in subventricular zone of newborn piglet brain. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:669-86. [PMID: 23721812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) results in brain injury, whereas mild hypoxic episodes result in preconditioning, which can significantly reduce the vulnerability of the brain to subsequent severe hypoxia-ischemia. Hypoxic-preconditioning (PC) has been shown to enhance cell survival and differentiation of progenitor cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with PC prior to HI stimulates subventricular zone (SVZ) proliferation and neurogenesis in newborn piglets. One-day-old piglets were subjected to PC (8% O2/92% N2) for 3h and 24h later were exposed to HI produced by combination of hypoxia (5% FiO2) for a pre-defined period of 30min and ischemia induced by a period of 10min of hypotension. Here we demonstrate that SVZ derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPs) from PC, HI and PC+HI piglets proliferated as neurospheres, expressed neural progenitor and neurodevelopmental markers, and that greater proportion of the spheres generated are multipotential. Neurosphere assay revealed that preconditioning pretreatment increased the number of NSP-derived neurospheres in SVZ following HI compared to normoxic and HI controls. NSPs from preconditioned SVZ generated twice as many neurons and astrocytes in vitro. Injections with 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) after PC revealed a robust proliferative response within the SVZ that continued for one week. PC also increased neurogenesis in vivo, doublecortin positive cells with migratory profiles were observed streaming from the SVZ to striatum and neocortex. These findings show that the induction of proliferation and neurogenesis by PC might be a positive adaptation for an efficient repair and plasticity in the event of a hypoxic-ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Ara
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine and Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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10
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Ara J, Shukla P, Frank M. Enhanced expression of the Flt-1 and Flk-1 receptor tyrosine kinases in a newborn piglet model of ischemic tolerance. J Neurochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Ara
- Department of Pediatrics; Drexel University College of Medicine and Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Panchanan Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics; Drexel University College of Medicine and Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Melissa Frank
- Department of Pediatrics; Drexel University College of Medicine and Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children; Philadelphia PA USA
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11
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Fonseca ETD, Mançanares ACF, Ambrósio CE, Miglino MA. Review point on neural stem cells and neurogenic areas of the central nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2013.33036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Caires KC, de Avila JM, Cupp AS, McLean DJ. VEGFA family isoforms regulate spermatogonial stem cell homeostasis in vivo. Endocrinology 2012; 153:887-900. [PMID: 22147017 PMCID: PMC3275389 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoform regulation of cell fate decisions of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) in vivo. The expression pattern and cell-specific distribution of VEGF isoforms, receptors, and coreceptors during testis development postnatal d 1-180 suggest a nonvascular function for VEGF regulation of early germ cell homeostasis. Populations of undifferentiated spermatogonia present shortly after birth were positive for VEGF receptor activation as demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis. Thus, we hypothesized that proangiogenic isoforms of VEGF (VEGFA(164)) stimulate SSC self-renewal, whereas antiangiogenic isoforms of VEGF (VEGFA(165)b) induce differentiation of SSC. To test this hypothesis, we used transplantation to assay the stem cell activity of SSC obtained from neonatal mice treated daily from postnatal d 3-5 with 1) vehicle, 2) VEGFA(164), 3) VEGFA(165)b, 4) IgG control, 5) anti-VEGFA(164), and 6) anti-VEGFA(165)b. SSC transplantation analysis demonstrated that VEGFA(164) supports self-renewal, whereas VEGFA(165)b stimulates differentiation of mouse SSC in vivo. Gene expression analysis of SSC-associated factors and morphometric analysis of germ cell populations confirmed the effects of treatment on modulating the biological activity of SSC. These findings indicate a nonvascular role for VEGF in testis development and suggest that a delicate balance between VEGFA(164) and VEGFA(165)b isoforms orchestrates the cell fate decisions of SSC. Future in vivo and in vitro experimentation will focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which VEGFA isoforms regulate SSC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Caires
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Choi JH, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Park JH, Yan BC, Kwon SH, Seo JY, Cho JH, Hwang IK, Won MH. Comparison of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus between the adult and aged gerbil following transient global cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:802-10. [PMID: 22215251 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we compared differences in cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and neuronal maturation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) between the adult and aged gerbil induced by 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia using Ki-67 and BrdU (markers for cell proliferation), doublecortin (DCX, a marker for neuroblast differentiation) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN, a marker for mature neuron). The number of Ki-67-immunoreactive (⁺) cells in the DG of both the groups peaked 7 days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the number in the aged DG was 40.6 ± 1.8% of that in the adult DG. Thereafter, the number decreased with time. After ischemic damage, DCX immunoreactivity and its protein level in the adult and aged DG peaked at 10 and 15 days post-ischemia, respectively. However, DCX immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the aged DG were much lower than those in the adult. DCX immunoreactivity and its protein level in the aged DG were 11.1 ± 0.6% and 34.4 ± 2.1% of the adult DG, respectively. In addition, the number of Ki-67⁺ cells and DCX immunoreactivity in both groups were similar to those in the sham at 60 days postischemia. At 30 days post-ischemia, the number of BrdU⁺ cells and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells in the adult-group were much higher (281.2 ± 23.4% and 126.4 ± 7.4%, respectively) than the aged-group (35.6 ± 6.8% and 79.5 ± 6.1%, respectively). These results suggest that the ability of neurogenesis in the ischemic aged DG is much lower than that in the ischemic adult DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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14
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Darland DC, Cain JT, Berosik MA, Saint-Geniez M, Odens PW, Schaubhut GJ, Frisch S, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Darland T, D'Amore PA. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoform regulation of early forebrain development. Dev Biol 2011; 358:9-22. [PMID: 21803034 PMCID: PMC3189089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to determine the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) isoforms during early neuroepithelial development in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the forebrain. An emerging model of interdependence between neural and vascular systems includes VEGF, with its dual roles as a potent angiogenesis factor and neural regulator. Although a number of studies have implicated VEGF in CNS development, little is known about the role that the different VEGF isoforms play in early neurogenesis. We used a mouse model of disrupted VEGF isoform expression that eliminates the predominant brain isoform, VEGF164, and expresses only the diffusible form, VEGF120. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF164 plays a key role in controlling neural precursor populations in developing cortex. We used microarray analysis to compare gene expression differences between wild type and VEGF120 mice at E9.5, the primitive stem cell stage of the neuroepithelium. We quantified changes in PHH3-positive nuclei, neural stem cell markers (Pax6 and nestin) and the Tbr2-positive intermediate progenitors at E11.5 when the neural precursor population is expanding rapidly. Absence of VEGF164 (and VEGF188) leads to reduced proliferation without an apparent effect on the number of Tbr2-positive cells. There is a corresponding reduction in the number of mitotic spindles that are oriented parallel to the ventricular surface relative to those with a vertical or oblique angle. These results support a role for the VEGF isoforms in supporting the neural precursor population of the early neuroepithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Darland
- University of North Dakota, Department of Biology, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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15
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Yoo DY, Shin BN, Kim IH, Kim W, Kim DW, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Lee CH, Yoon YS, Choi SY, Won MH, Hwang IK. Effects of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:261-7. [PMID: 21927927 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors in reducing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult brain. In this study, we observed the effects of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) on lipid peroxidation, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus using malondialdehyde (MDA), Ki67, and doublecortin (DCX), respectively. We constructed an expression vector, PEP-1, fused PEP-1 with SOD1, and generated PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein. We administered PEP-1 and 100 or 500 μg PEP-1-SOD1 intraperitoneally once a day for 3 weeks and sacrificed at 30 min after the last administrations. PEP-1 administration did not change the MDA levels compared to those in the vehicle-treated group, while PEP-1-SOD1 treatment significantly reduced MDA levels compared to the vehicle-treated group. In the PEP-1-treated group, the number of Ki67-positive nuclei was similar to that in the vehicle-treated group. In the 100 μg PEP-1-SOD1-treated group, the number of Ki67-positive nuclei was slightly decreased; however, in the 500 μg PEP-1-SOD1-treated group, Ki67-positive nuclei were decreased to 78.5% of the vehicle-treated group. The number of DCX-positive neuroblasts in the PEP-1-treated group was similar to that in the vehicle-treated group. However, the arborization of DCX-positive neuroblasts was significantly decreased in both the 100 and 500 μg PEP-1-SOD1-treated groups compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. The number of DCX-positive neuroblasts with tertiary dendrites was markedly decreased in the 500 μg PEP-1-SOD1-treated group. These results suggest that a SOD1 supplement to healthy mice may not be necessary to modulate cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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Alvarez-Palazuelos LE, Robles-Cervantes MS, Castillo-Velazquez G, Rivas-Souza M, Guzman-Muniz J, Moy-Lopez N, Gonzalez-Castaneda RE, Luquin S, Gonzalez-Perez O. Regulation of neural stem cell in the human SVZ by trophic and morphogenic factors. CURRENT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION THERAPY 2011; 6:320-326. [PMID: 22053150 PMCID: PMC3204663 DOI: 10.2174/157436211797483958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricular system, is the largest germinal region in mammals. In there, neural stem cells express markers related to astoglial lineage that give rise to new neurons and oligodendrocytes in vivo. In the adult human brain, in vitro evidence has also shown that astrocytic cells isolated from the SVZ can generate new neurons and oligodendrocytes. These proliferative cells are strongly controlled by a number of signals and molecules that modulate, activate or repress the cell division, renewal, proliferation and fate of neural stem cells. In this review, we summarize the cellular composition of the adult human SVZ (hSVZ) and discuss the increasing evidence showing that some trophic modulators strongly control the function of neural stem cells in the SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Castillo-Velazquez
- Department of Neurosurgery. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugia "Manuel Velasco Suárez" México, DF
| | - Mario Rivas-Souza
- Forensic medicine. Instituto Jalisciense de Ciencias Forenses, Guadalajara, Jalisco
| | - Jorge Guzman-Muniz
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - Norma Moy-Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara
| | | | - Sonia Luquin
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara ; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Col, México
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