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Wang Y, Pan F, Xie F, He R, Guo Q. Correlation Between Urine Formaldehyde and Cognitive Abilities in the Clinical Spectrum of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:820385. [PMID: 35221998 PMCID: PMC8873387 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.820385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine-based formaldehyde has been reported to be a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is a lack of research about the correlation between urine formaldehyde and cognitive abilities in the clinical spectrum of AD, especially the preclinical period. The relationship of urine formaldehyde with APOE genotype, brain Aβ status and plasma pathological markers in AD are also not clear. This study intends to explore the correlation between urine formaldehyde and cognitive abilities throughout the AD continuum, to evaluate the role of APOE genotype and Aβ accumulation on urine formaldehyde, and further to clarify the relationship between urine formaldehyde level and AD plasma pathological markers. We recruited 72 cognitively normal controls (NC), 110 subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 140 objectively defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD), 171 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 136 AD dementia participants. Next, we collected the data of clinical materials, neuropsychological examination, APOE genotyping, urine formaldehyde concentration, 18F-florbetapir PET imaging and plasma biomarkers. Compared with NC, Obj-SCD and MCI groups, the level of urine formaldehyde was found to be significantly upregulated in SCD group. In addition, the level of urine formaldehyde was significantly higher in AD group compared to both NC and MCI groups. Further subgroup analysis showed that, the level of urine formaldehyde was higher in APOE ε4+ subgroup compared to APOE ε4– subgroup in both NC and AD groups. There was no difference in urine formaldehyde level between the brain Aβ+ subgroup and Aβ– subgroup in each group. In addition, regression analysis showed urine formaldehyde level was correlated with gender, plasma Aβ42 and p-Tau181/T-tau. The dynamic change of urine formaldehyde in the AD continuum could be used as a potential biomarker, and combined with comprehensive cognitive evaluation could become a useful method to distinguish SCD from NC and Obj-SCD, and to distinguish MCI from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Pan
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongqiao He,
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Qihao Guo,
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Kou Y, Zhao H, Cui D, Han H, Tong Z. Formaldehyde toxicity in age-related neurological dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101512. [PMID: 34798299 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The primordial small gaseous molecules, such as: NO, CO, H2S and formaldehyde (FA) are present in the brains. Whether FA as well as the other molecules participates in brain functions is unclear. Recently, its pathophysiological functions have been investigated. Notably, under physiological conditions, learning activity induces a transient generation of hippocampal FA, which promotes memory formation by enhancing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-currents. However, ageing leads to FA accumulation in brain for the dysregulation of FA metabolism; and excessive FA directly impairs memory by inhibiting NMDA-receptor. Especially, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-beta (Aβ) accelerates FA accumulation by inactivating alcohol dehydrogenase-5; in turn, FA promotes Aβ oligomerization, fibrillation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Hence, there is a vicious circle encompassing Aβ assembly and FA generation. Even worse, FA induces Aβ deposition in the extracellular space (ECS), which blocks the medicines (dissolved in the interstitial fluid) flowing into the damaged neurons in the deep cortex. However, phototherapy destroys Aβ deposits in the ECS and restores ISF flow. Coenzyme Q10, which scavenges FA, was shown to ameliorate Aβ-induced AD pathological phenotypes, thus suggesting a causative relation between FA toxicity and AD. These findings suggest that the combination of these two methods is a promising strategy for treating AD.
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Xu J, Jin X, Ye Z, Wang D, Zhao H, Tong Z. Opposite Roles of Co-enzyme Q10 and Formaldehyde in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221143274. [PMID: 36455136 PMCID: PMC10624093 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221143274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Most of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) have no cure. The common etiology of neurodegenerations is unclear. Air pollutant-gaseous formaldehyde is notoriously known to induce demyelination and cognitive impairments. Unexpectedly, an amount of formaldehyde has been detected in the brains. Multiple factors can induce the generation and accumulation of endogenous formaldehyde. Excessive formaldehyde can induce oxidative stress to generate H2O2; in turn, H2O2 promote formaldehyde production. Clinical investigations have shown that an abnormal high level of formaldehyde but low level of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) was observed in patients with NDD. Further studies have proven that excessive formaldehyde directly inactivates coQ10, reduces the ATP generation, enhances oxidative stress, initiates inflammation storm, induces demyelination; subsequently, it results in neurodegeneration. Although the low water solubility of coQ10 limits its clinical application, nanomicellar water-soluble coQ10 exhibits positive therapeutical effects. Hence, nanopackage of coQ10 may be a promising strategy for treating NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Xu
- Institute of Ningbo, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Institute of Ningbo, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhao H, Huang X, Tong Z. Formaldehyde-Crosslinked Nontoxic Aβ Monomers to Form Toxic Aβ Dimers and Aggregates: Pathogenicity and Therapeutic Perspectives. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3376-3390. [PMID: 34396700 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of senile plaques in the brain. However, medicines targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have not achieved the expected clinical effects. This review focuses on the formation mechanism of the Aβ dimer (the basic unit of oligomers and fibrils) and its tremendous potential as a drug target. Recently, age-associated formaldehyde and Aβ-derived formaldehyde have been found to crosslink the nontoxic Aβ monomer to form the toxic dimers, oligomers and fibrils. Particularly, Aβ-induced formaldehyde accumulation and formaldehyde-promoted Aβ aggregation form a vicious cycle. Subsequently, formaldehyde initiates Aβ toxicity in both the early-and late-onset AD. These facts also explain why AD drugs targeting only Aβ do not have the desired therapeutic effects. Development of the nanoparticle-based medicines targeting both formaldehyde and Aβ dimer is a promising strategy for improving the drug efficacy by penetrating blood-brain barrier and extracellular space into the cortical neurons in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xuerong Huang
- Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital 3, Department of Neurology, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Xiao YG, Xue FS, Liu SH, Zou Y. Assessing associations of preoperative anxiety and depression with neurocognitive disorder after oncological surgery. J Surg Oncol 2020; 122:562-563. [PMID: 32419203 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Gang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Shan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li H, Zhang L, Qin C. Current state of research on non-human primate models of Alzheimer's disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:227-238. [PMID: 31942555 PMCID: PMC6930996 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasingly serious aging of the global population, dementia has already become a severe clinical challenge on a global scale. Dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia observed in the elderly, but its pathogenetic mechanism has still not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, no effective treatment strategy has been developed to date, despite considerable efforts. This can be mainly attributed to the paucity of animal models of AD that are sufficiently similar to humans. Among the presently established animal models, non-human primates share the closest relationship with humans, and their neural anatomy and neurobiology share highly similar characteristics with those of humans. Thus, there is no doubt that these play an irreplaceable role in AD research. Considering this, the present literature on non-human primate models of AD was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Wei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicinePeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal ModelState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicinePeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- Ministry of HealthComparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicinePeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal ModelState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicinePeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- Ministry of HealthComparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicinePeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal ModelState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicinePeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
- Ministry of HealthComparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
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Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide on Lipopolysaccharide and Sevoflurane-Induced Postoperative Cognitive dysfunction in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S93-101. [PMID: 31795608 PMCID: PMC6905212 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938218.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a complication of surgery characterized by acute cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment, and loss of attention. The effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on the POCD environment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sevoflurane exposure were investigated in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Methods The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and WST-8 assays were performed to determine cell viability. Cyclic adenosine-3,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Immunocytochemistry was performed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and western blotting for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Results Induction of the POCD environment reduced cell viability in the MTT and WST-8 assays. PDRN treatment reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in POCD conditions, and significantly increased cAMP concentrations and the p-CREB/CREB ratio. PDRN treatment activated adenosine A2A receptors and then increased the expression of VEGF and BDNF, which had been reduced by LPS and sevoflurane exposure. Conclusions PDRN treatment showed a therapeutic effect on the LPS and sevoflurane-induced POCD environment. PDRN was shown to have an excellent therapeutic effect on POCD, not only by promoting rapid anti-inflammatory effects in damaged cells, but also by enhancing the expression of BDNF and VEGF.
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Li T, Su T, He Y, Lu J, Mo W, Wei Y, He R. Brain Formaldehyde is Related to Water Intake behavior. Aging Dis 2016; 7:561-584. [PMID: 27699080 PMCID: PMC5036952 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising strategy for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the identification of age-related changes that place the brain at risk for the disease. Additionally, AD is associated with chronic dehydration, and one of the significant changes that are known to result in metabolic dysfunction is an increase in the endogenous formaldehyde (FA) level. Here, we demonstrate that the levels of uric formaldehyde in AD patients were markedly increased compared with normal controls. The brain formaldehyde levels of wild-type C57 BL/6 mice increased with age, and these increases were followed by decreases in their drinking frequency and water intake. The serum arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were also maintained at a high level in the 10-month-old mice. An intravenous injection of AVP into the tail induced decreases in the drinking frequency and water intake in the mice, and these decreases were associated with increases in brain formaldehyde levels. An ELISA assay revealed that the AVP injection increased both the protein level and the enzymatic activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), which is an enzyme that produces formaldehyde. In contrast, the intraperitoneal injection of formaldehyde increased the serum AVP level by increasing the angiotensin II (ANG II) level, and this change was associated with a marked decrease in water intake behavior. These data suggest that the interaction between formaldehyde and AVP affects the water intake behaviors of mice. Furthermore, the highest concentration of formaldehyde in vivo was observed in the morning. Regular water intake is conducive to eliminating endogenous formaldehyde from the human body, particularly when water is consumed in the morning. Establishing good water intake habits not only effectively eliminates excess formaldehyde and other metabolic products but is also expected to yield valuable approaches to reducing the risk of AD prior to the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Su
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingge He
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jihui Lu
- 5Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Weichuan Mo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wei
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; 4Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
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9
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Zhang D, Nie A. Assessment of different anesthesia depth under total intravenous anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in laparoscopic patients. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:73. [PMID: 27904618 PMCID: PMC5121996 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.189679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of different depths of sedation during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with remifentanil and propofol given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) on postoperative cognitive function in young and middle-aged patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical Status I/II patients scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic operation were randomly divided into three groups. Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous infusion of TCI propofol and remifentanil, intermittent injected intravenously with rocuronium. The infusion concentration of propofol and remifentanil was adjusted to maintain bispectral index (BIS) at 30 < BIS ≤ 40 in the first group, 40 < BIS ≤ 50 in the second group, and 50 < BIS ≤ 60 in the third group. Mini–mental state examination (MMSE) and trail-making test (TMT) were used to assess the cognitive function one day preoperatively and one day postoperatively. Results: MMSE scores were > 24 sores on the day before anesthesia and the day after surgery in all three groups. However, the first group had the significantly higher MMSE scores than the other two groups after surgery (P < 0.05). Compared with that before anesthesia, TMT completion time was shorter on the day after surgery in the first group, while prolonged in the third group (P < 0.05). The first group had the significantly lower TMT completion time than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The depth of sedation, 30 < BIS value ≤ 40, under TIVA with remifentanil and propofol given by TCI had the minimal influence on postoperative cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiqing Nie
- Department of Psychology and Behavior Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Cui Y, Su T, Zhang SD, Huang P, He YG, Liu Y, Zhang C, Ritch R, He RQ. Elevated urine formaldehyde in elderly patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:411-6. [PMID: 27158612 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the risk factor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. An abnormally high level of endogenous formaldehyde (FA) has recently been found correlated with cell death and neurodegenerative disease, raising the possibility of a putative correlation of abnormal endogenous FA with POAG. METHODS Thirty-four elderly patients with POAG and sixteen healthy controls were enrolled. Glaucomatous visual defects were present at both the functional (visual field) and structural [retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness] levels. Morning urine samples were obtained and were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the endogenous FA level in a double blind manner. RESULTS Patients with POAG (P<0.05) had significantly higher urine FA levels. The urine FA level of patients with severe visual field defects [mean deviation (MD)≥12 dB] was significantly (P<0.001) greater than that of patients with mild to moderate defects (MD<12 dB). By optical coherence tomography (OCT), the superior and inferior RNFL thickness of POAG group was significantly (P<0.001) thinner than in controls. Furthermore, the superior and inferior thinning of the RNFL was correlated with the elevation of urine FA concentration. CONCLUSION Endogenous FA level is positively correlated with the neuronal defects of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying-Ge He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Tian XS, Tong YW, Li ZQ, Li LX, Zhang T, Ren TY, Zhou T, Wang HC, Zhan R, Sun Y, Yan Z, Wang QD, Fan DS, Kong FJ, Guo XY, Xiao WZ, Chui DH. Surgical stress induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduction and postoperative cognitive dysfunction via glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in aged mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:398-409. [PMID: 25611431 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study explored whether surgical stress-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) phosphorylation is related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged individuals. Inhibition of GR activation could be an effective treatment for POCD. METHODS A laparotomy was given to C57/BL6 mice in POCD group both 20 and 6 months old. Animals in control group were treated in identical manners except for laparotomy. Cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. Western blot and Elisa assay were used to detect related molecules. Mifepristone and roscovitine were treated as inhibitions of GR phosphorylation. RESULTS The cognitive function was impaired, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found reduced in aged POCD group. GR translocation into nucleus and elevated GR phosphorylation were found in prefrontal cortex of aged POCD mice. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5), kinase for GR phosphorylation also elevated in aged POCD mice. With GR antagonist and CDK5 inhibitor, reduction of BDNF and cognitive dysfunction in aged mice were both rescued. CONCLUSION These results presented a mechanism that surgical stress-induced GR phosphorylation contributes to POCD in aged individuals. Inhibition of GR activation and phosphorylation might be a potential treatment target of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sheng Tian
- Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurobiology; Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Aging differentially affects the loss of neuronal dendritic spine, neuroinflammation and memory impairment at rats after surgery. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106837. [PMID: 25198176 PMCID: PMC4157839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that age is an important factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and the patients with POCD suffer from the impairment of multiple brain regions and multiple brain functions. However currently animal studies of POCD mainly focus on hippocampus region, therefore in this study we performed partial hepatectomy in young adult and aged rats to test the questions (1) whether POCD in animals involves other brain areas besides hippocampus; (2) how age influences POCD of young adult and aged animals. We found that (1) in young adult rats, the memory was not significantly affected (P>0.05) 1d, 3d and 7d after partial hepatectomy, but was significantly impaired (p<0.001) in aged rats 1d and 3d post-surgery; (2) in young adult rats, the surgery did not significantly affect the densities of dendritic spines of neurons at CA1, dentate gyrus (DG) and cingulate cortex (P>0.05, respectively) 1d and 3d post-surgery, but the spine densities at CA1 and DG of aged rats were significant reduced 1d and 3d post-surgery (p<0.001, respectively), however this didn't happen at cingulate cortex (P>0.05); (3) In young adult rats, surgery didn't affect the activation of microglia and levels of TNF-α and IL-1β at hippocampus (P>0.05), but significantly activated microglia and increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β at hippocampus of aged rats (P<0.05). Our data suggest that (1) partial hepatectomy-induced POCD mainly involves hippocampus impairments, and (2) differential loss of neuronal dendritic spines and neuroinflammation at hippocampus are most likely the mechanism for the formation of POCD in aged rats.
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13
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The Therapeutic Potential of Atorvastatin in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Cognitive Decline. Ann Surg 2014; 259:1235-44. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yu J, Su T, Zhou T, He Y, Lu J, Li J, He R. Uric formaldehyde levels are negatively correlated with cognitive abilities in healthy older adults. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:172-84. [PMID: 24733650 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the abnormal accumulation of endogenous formaldehyde could be a critical factor in age-related cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation between uric formaldehyde and general cognitive abilities in a community-based elderly population, and to measure the extent and direction in which the correlation varied with demographic characteristics. Using a double-blind design, formaldehyde in human urine was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (n = 604), and general cognitive abilities were measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Demographic characteristics, in terms of age, gender, residential region, and education were taken into consideration. We found that uric formaldehyde levels were inversely correlated with the MoCA score, and the concentration varied with demographic features: higher odds of a high formaldehyde level occurred among the less educated and those living in old urban or rural areas. In cytological experiments, the level of cellular formaldehyde released into the medium increased as SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells were incubated for three days. Formaldehyde in excess impaired the processes of N2a cells and neurites of primary cultured rat hippocampal cells. However, removal of formaldehyde markedly rescued and regenerated the processes of N2a cells. These results demonstrated a negative correlation between the endogenous formaldehyde and general cognitive abilities. High formaldehyde levels could be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adults, and could be developed as a non-invasive marker for detection and monitoring of age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Center on Ageing Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Liu J, Liu FY, Tong ZQ, Li ZH, Chen W, Luo WH, Li H, Luo HJ, Tang Y, Tang JM, Cai J, Liao FF, Wan Y. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 in breast cancer cells contributes to the production of endogenous formaldehyde in the metastatic bone cancer pain model of rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58957. [PMID: 23516587 PMCID: PMC3597561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone cancer pain seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients. Our previous study found that endogenous formaldehyde was produced by cancer cells metastasized into bone marrows and played an important role in bone cancer pain. However, the mechanism of production of this endogenous formaldehyde by metastatic cancer cells was unknown in bone cancer pain rats. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is one of the major enzymes catalyzing the production of formaldehyde. The expression of LSD1 and the concentration of formaldehyde were up-regulated in many high-risk tumors. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether LSD1 in metastasized MRMT-1 breast cancer cells in bone marrows participated in the production of endogenous formaldehyde in bone cancer pain rats. Methodology/Principal Findings Concentration of the endogenous formaldehyde was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Endogenous formaldehyde dramatically increased in cultured MRMT-1 breast cancer cells in vitro, in bone marrows and sera of bone cancer pain rats, in tumor tissues and sera of MRMT-1 subcutaneous vaccination model rats in vivo. Formaldehyde at a concentration as low as the above measured (3 mM) induced pain behaviors in normal rats. The expression of LSD1 which mainly located in nuclei of cancer cells significantly increased in bone marrows of bone cancer pain rats from 14 d to 21 d after inoculation. Furthermore, inhibition of LSD1 decreased the production of formaldehyde in MRMT-1 cells in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of LSD1 inhibitor pargyline from 3 d to 14 d after inoculation of MRMT-1 cancer cells reduced bone cancer pain behaviors. Conclusion Our data in the present study, combing our previous report, suggested that in the endogenous formaldehyde-induced pain in bone cancer pain rats, LSD1 in metastasized cancer cells contributed to the production of the endogenous formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qian Tong
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hong Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Min Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cai
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: .
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