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El-Dessouki AM, Alzokaky AA, Raslan NA, Ibrahim S, Salama LA, Yousef EH. Piracetam mitigates nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin via the AMPK-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK/JNK/ERK signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112511. [PMID: 38909496 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin (CDDP) is commonly employed as an antineoplastic agent, but its use is significantly limited by the occurrence of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, the detailed mechanisms of which remain unclear. This research is aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of Piracetam (PIR)'s protective effects on nephrotoxicity resulting from CDDP exposure and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these effects. MAIN METHODS PIR was given in dosages of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight for a duration of 15 days; concurrently, on the last day, a single 10 mg/kg dose of CDDP was delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Forty-eight hours post-CDDP injection, the animals were sacrificed to assess nephrotoxicity. Blood samples and renal tissues were taken for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), caspase-9 and nuclear factor kappa b p65 (NF-κB p65) were assessed by immunohistochemistry method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was employed to determine cytochrome c (Cyt. c), Bcl-2-associated X-protein (BAX), caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in renal tissue homogenates. The mRNA levels of tumor protein P53 (TP53), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, histopathological evaluations of the renal tissues and the binding affinity of PIR to AMPK by molecular docking were also performed. KEY FINDINGS Pre-treatment with PIR enhanced renal function markers such as urea and creatinine, mitigated histological damage, and diminished inflammatory cell presence in renal tubules. PIR demonstrated antioxidant effects by reestablishing the equilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants such as MPO, HO-1, Nrf2, as well as SOD. Furthermore, PIR inhibited the inflammatory pathways through the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, PIR counteracted the CDDP-induced decline in PI3K/Akt activity and hindered caspase-dependent apoptotic processes. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, PIR appears to be an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Consequently, PIR may serve as a complementary treatment alongside CDDP to alleviate nephrotoxicity associated with CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 12566, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Raslan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Ataka, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Salama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Eman H Yousef
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
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Abomosallam M, Hendam BM, Abdallah AA, Refaat R, Elshatory A, Gad El Hak HN. Neuroprotective effect of piracetam-loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles against thiacloprid-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:943-965. [PMID: 36745244 PMCID: PMC10140136 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiacloprid (TH) is a neurotoxic agricultural insecticide and potential food contaminant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TH exposure and memory dysfunction in rats, as well as the potential protective effect of piracetam and piracetam-loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (PMC NPs). Rats were divided into five equal groups (six rats/group). The control group received saline. Group II was treated with PMC NPs at a dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight (Bwt); Group III was treated with 1/10 LD50 of TH (65 mg/kg Bwt); Group IV was treated with TH (65 mg/kg Bwt) and piracetam (200 mg/kg Bwt); Group V was co-treated with TH (65 mg/kg Bwt) and PMC NPs (200 mg/kg Bwt). All animal groups were dosed daily for 6 weeks by oral gavage. Footprint analysis, hanging wire test, open field test, and Y-maze test were employed to assess behavioral deficits. Animals were euthanized, and brain tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines, and gene expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and caspase-3. Brain and sciatic nerve tissues were used for the evaluation of histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of tau protein and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), respectively. The results revealed that TH-treated rats suffered from oxidative damage and inflammatory effect on the central and peripheral nerves. The administration of PMC NPs considerably protected against TH-induced neuronal damage, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased inflammatory markers, and improved behavioral performance than the group treated with piracetam. The neuroprotective effect of PMC NPs was mediated through the inhibition of GFAP, APP, caspase-3, Tau, and NF-κB gene expression with induction of Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, TH could induce oxidative stress, inflammatory and neurobehavior impairment in rats. However, PMC NPs administration markedly mitigated TH-induced brain toxicity, possibly via oxidative and inflammatory modulation rather than using piracetam alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abomosallam
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amr A Abdallah
- Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Rasha Refaat
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshatory
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
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Kotb HI, Abedalmohsen AM, Elgamal AF, Mokhtar DM, Abd-Ellatief RB. Preemptive Stem Cells Ameliorate Neuropathic Pain in Rats: A Central Component of Preemptive Analgesia. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:450-456. [PMID: 33588960 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating neuropathic pain either before or after its induction by a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, neuropathic group, and treated groups (pre and postinduction) with i.v. mononuclear cells (106 cell/mL). For these rats, experimental testing for both thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated. The cerebral cortex of the rats was dissected, and immunohistochemical analysis using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), CD117, nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein was performed. Our results showed that a single injection of MSCs (either preemptive/or post-CCI) produced equipotent effects on allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal response. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the stem cells have reached the cerebral cortex. The injected group with MSCs before CCI showing few stem cells expressed PCNA, CD117, and nestin in the cerebral cortex. The group injected with MSCs after CCI, showing numerous recently proliferated CD117-, nestin-, PCNA-positive stem cells in the cerebral cortex. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the most probable effect of i.v. stem cells is the central anti-inflammatory effect, which opens concerns about how stem cells circulating in systemic administration to reach the site of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan I Kotb
- Department of anesthesia, intensive care and pain management, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Abualauon M Abedalmohsen
- Department of anesthesia, intensive care and pain management, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Elgamal
- Department of anesthesia, intensive care and pain management, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Rasha B Abd-Ellatief
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
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Severyukhin YS, Lalkovičová M, Kolesnikova IA, Utina DM, Lyakhova KN, Gaevsky VN. The effect of piracetam on behavioral reactions of adult rats and morphological changes in the brain after whole body fractionated gamma irradiation: an exploratory study. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:73-86. [PMID: 33394131 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research was aimed at examining the effect of piracetam on behavioral reactions and morphological changes in the brain of adult rats after fractionated gamma irradiation with a total dose of 5 Gy. Fractionated gamma irradiation led to a decrease in freezing behavior in the Open Field and leukopenia. These behavioral and hematological disorders were accompanied by a cell decrease in the cross-sectional area of granular layer of the dentate gyrus, an increase in the number of Fluoro Jade B-positive cells, and an increase in the number of irreversible changes in the cerebral cortex. The administration of piracetam immediately after irradiation for 14 days maintained the freezing behavior at the level of intact animals and decreased in general motor activity. Also, an increase in morphometric parameters and a decrease of neurodegeneration were observed. We found a statistically significant decrease in the number of Fluoro Jade B-positive cells in comparison with the group of irradiated animals. The drug had no leukoprotective effect on laboratory animals, and led to the emergence of inconclusive trends in the alternation of the arms of the T-labyrinth. Piracetam application showed positive behavioral and morphological changes in rodents and might have a neuroprotective effect in brain tissue after gamma irradiation. Since it is the first experiment with piracetam we attempted, this exploratory study serves to provide more insight into the potential neuroprotection activity of piracetam, and following research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Severyukhin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - M Lalkovičová
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia.
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - I A Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - D M Utina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - K N Lyakhova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - V N Gaevsky
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
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Tsymbalyuk S, Smith M, Gore C, Tsymbalyuk O, Ivanova S, Sansur C, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Brivaracetam attenuates pain behaviors in a murine model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919886503. [PMID: 31615323 PMCID: PMC6880061 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919886503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The antiseizure racetams may provide novel molecular insights into
neuropathic pain due to their unique mechanism involving synaptic vesicle
glycoprotein 2A. Anti-allodynic effects of levetiracetam have been shown in
animal models of neuropathic pain. Here, we studied the effect of
brivaracetam, which binds to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A with 20-fold
greater affinity, and has fewer off-target effects. Methods Mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve cuffing and were evaluated for
mechanical sensitivity using von Frey filaments. Pain behaviors were
assessed with prophylactic treatment using levetiracetam (100 or 10 mg/kg)
or brivaracetam (10 or 1 mg/kg) beginning after surgery and continuing for
21 days, or with therapeutic treatment using brivaracetam (10 or 1 mg/kg)
beginning on day 14, after allodynia was established, and continuing for 28
or 63 days. Spinal cord tissues from the prophylaxis experiment with10 mg/kg
brivaracetam were examined for neuroinflammation (Iba1 and tumor necrosis
factor), T-lymphocyte (CD3) infiltration, and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein
2A expression. Results When used prophylactically, levetiracetam, 100 mg/kg, and brivaracetam,
10 mg/kg, prevented the development of allodynia, with lower doses of each
being less effective. When used therapeutically, brivaracetam extinguished
allodynia, requiring 10 days with 10 mg/kg, and six weeks with 1 mg/kg.
Brivaracetam was associated with reduced neuroinflammation and reduced
T-lymphocyte infiltration in the dorsal horn. After sciatic nerve cuffing,
synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A expression was identified in neurons,
activated astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and T lymphocytes in the dorsal
horn. Conclusion Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A may represent a novel target for neuropathic
pain. Brivaracetam may warrant study in humans with neuropathic pain due to
peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiya Tsymbalyuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madeleine Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Gore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Orest Tsymbalyuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Sansur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Piracetam Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1373-1386. [PMID: 28176051 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of piracetam on neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resulting changes in cognitive behavior. Neuroinflammation was induced by a single dose of LPS solution infused into each of the lateral cerebral ventricles in concentrations of 1 μg/μl, at a rate of 1 μl/min over a 5-min period, with a 5-min waiting period between the two infusions. Piracetam in doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg i.p. was administered 30 min before LPS infusion and continued for 9 days. On ninth day, the behavioral test for memory and anxiety was done followed by blood collection and microdissection of the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex brain regions. Piracetam attenuated the LPS-induced decrease in coping strategy to novel environment indicating anxiolytic activity. It also reversed the LPS-induced changes in the known arm and novel arm entries in the Y-maze test indicating amelioration of spatial memory impairment. Further, piracetam moderated LPS-induced decrease in the mitochondrial complex enzyme activities (I, II, IV, and V) and mitochondrial membrane potential. It ameliorated changes in hippocampal lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels including the activity of superoxide dismutase. Piracetam region specifically ameliorated LPS-induced increase in the level of IL-6 in HIP indicating anti-neuroinflammatory effect. Further, piracetam reduced HIP Aβ (1-40) and increased blood Aβ level suggesting efflux of Aβ from HIP to blood. Therefore, the present study indicates preclinical evidence for the use of piracetam in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Matsuda K, Orito K, Amagai Y, Jang H, Matsuda H, Tanaka A. Swing time ratio, a new parameter of gait disturbance, for the evaluation of the severity of neuropathic pain in a rat model of partial sciatic nerve ligation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 79:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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