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Yu J, Zhang Y, Xun Y, Tang H, Fu X, Zhang R, Zhu F, Zhang J. Methylation and expression quantitative trait loci rs1799971 in the OPRM1 gene and rs4654327 in the OPRD1 gene are associated with opioid use disorder. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137468. [PMID: 37660978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic and relapsing brain disease that results in significant mortality worldwide. Genetic factors are estimated to contribute to 40%-60% of the liability, with polymorphisms of opioid receptor genes implicated in this disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we first examined the methylation levels in the promoter region of the OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 genes in 111 healthy controls (HCs) and 120 patients with OUD, and genotyped three tag SNPs in these genes. Correlations between these SNPs and the methylation levels of the CpG sites and expression levels of the genes were analyzed. After identifying the mQTLs and eQTLs, we determined the associations between the mQTLs/eQTLs and susceptibility to and characteristics of OUD in 930 HCs and 801 patients with OUD. Our results demonstrated that SNPs rs1799971 in the OPRM1 gene and rs4654327 in the OPRD1 gene were both mQTLs and eQTLs. We observed unique correlations between mQTLs and methylation levels of several CpG sites in the OUD group compared to the HC group. Interestingly, both the two mQTLs and eQTLs were associated with the susceptibility to OUD. In conclusion, we suppose that mQTLs and eQTLs in genes may underlie the associations between certain risk genetic polymorphisms and OUD. These mQTLs and eQTLs could potentially serve as promising biomarkers for better management of opioid misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yufeng Xun
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Paul AK, Smith CM, Rahmatullah M, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, Spetea M, Gueven N, Dietis N. Opioid Analgesia and Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1091. [PMID: 34832873 PMCID: PMC8620360 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are widely used as therapeutic agents against moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. Still, these classes of analgesic drugs have many potential limitations as they induce analgesic tolerance, addiction and numerous behavioural adverse effects that often result in patient non-compliance. As opium and opioids have been traditionally used as painkillers, the exact mechanisms of their adverse reactions over repeated use are multifactorial and not fully understood. Older adults suffer from cancer and non-cancer chronic pain more than younger adults, due to the physiological changes related to ageing and their reduced metabolic capabilities and thus show an increased number of adverse reactions to opioid drugs. All clinically used opioids are μ-opioid receptor agonists, and the major adverse effects are directly or potentially connected to this receptor. Multifunctional opioid ligands or peripherally restricted opioids may elicit fewer adverse effects, as shown in preclinical studies, but these results need reproducibility from further extensive clinical trials. The current review aims to overview various mechanisms involved in the adverse effects induced by opioids, to provide a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and, ultimately, to help develop an effective therapeutic strategy to better manage pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Craig M. Smith
- School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Nikolas Dietis
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
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Arttamangkul S, Platt EJ, Carroll J, Farrens D. Functional independence of endogenous µ- and δ-opioid receptors co-expressed in cholinergic interneurons. eLife 2021; 10:69740. [PMID: 34477106 PMCID: PMC8718112 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) normally function as monomers, although evidence from heterologous expression systems suggests that they may sometimes form homodimers and/or heterodimers. This study aims to evaluate possible functional interplay of endogenous µ- and δ-opioid receptors (MORs and DORs) in mouse neurons. Detecting GPCR dimers in native tissues, however, has been challenging. Previously, MORs and DORs co-expressed in transfected cells have been reported to form heterodimers, and their possible co-localization in neurons has been studied in knock-in mice expressing genetically engineered receptors fused to fluorescent proteins. Here, we find that single cholinergic neurons in the mouse striatum endogenously express both MORs and DORs. The receptors on neurons from live brain slices were fluorescently labeled with a ligand-directed labeling reagent, NAI-A594. The selective activation of MORs and DORs, with DAMGO (µ-agonist) and deltorphin (δ-agonist) inhibited spontaneous firing in all cells examined. In the continued presence of agonist, the firing rate returned to baseline as the result of receptor desensitization with the application of deltorphin but was less observed with the application of DAMGO. In addition, agonist-induced internalization of DORs but not MORs was detected. When MORs and DORs were activated simultaneously with [Met5]-enkephalin, desensitization of MORs was facilitated but internalization was not increased. Together, these results indicate that while MORs and DORs are expressed in single striatal cholinergic interneurons, the two receptors function independently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily J Platt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - James Carroll
- Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - David Farrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Morphine dosing strategy plays a key role in the generation and duration of the produced antinociceptive tolerance. Neuropharmacology 2017; 121:158-166. [PMID: 28450061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antinociceptive tolerance after repetitive administration of morphine severely limits its clinical use. Despite increased mechanistic understanding of morphine tolerance, little is known about the influence of dosing regimens in its development. We hypothesized that the starting dose of morphine, dosing frequency and dose increments, influence antinociception and the manifestation of antinociceptive tolerance in rats. Male rats were randomly divided into four groups with different intermittent starting-doses of daily morphine (b.i.d.) followed by different increments of single-dose morphine upon development of antinociceptive tolerance, for 2-3 weeks: 2.5 (b.i.d.)→5 → 10→15 mg/kg/day, 5 (b.i.d.)→10 mg/kg/day, 5 (b.i.d.)→15 mg/kg/day, 10 (b.i.d.)→20 mg/kg/day. Antinociception was assessed daily pre-treatment and at several time-points over 2 h post-administration, using tail-flick and hot-plate assays. Tolerance was defined as significant antinociceptive desensitization and was presented as significant reduction of the maximum and total antinociceptive efficacy upon morphine administration. Rats commenced on 2.5 mg/kg/day (b.i.d.) morphine developed tolerance faster than those started on 5 or 10 mg/kg/day (b.i.d.). Comparatively, higher starting and maintenance doses of morphine produced prolonged antinociception and delayed tolerance. Whereas, lower starting and maintenance doses of morphine produced less total antinociception during the course of treatment and did not delay the onset of tolerance, but require smaller dose-increments to reach antinociception after development of antinociceptive tolerance. These results suggest that morphine starting dose, dosing frequency, increments and timing determine the manifestation of antinociceptive tolerance and extent of antinociception. In addition, our results also highlight the need for generally standardized and validated assay protocols and procedures to compare different studies, as a prerequisite to translate pre-clinical results into the clinic.
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Kim J, Ham S, Hong H, Moon C, Im HI. Brain Reward Circuits in Morphine Addiction. Mol Cells 2016; 39:645-53. [PMID: 27506251 PMCID: PMC5050528 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is the most potent analgesic for chronic pain, but its clinical use has been limited by the opiate's innate tendency to produce tolerance, severe withdrawal symptoms and rewarding properties with a high risk of relapse. To understand the addictive properties of morphine, past studies have focused on relevant molecular and cellular changes in the brain, highlighting the functional roles of reward-related brain regions. Given the accumulated findings, a recent, emerging trend in morphine research is that of examining the dynamics of neuronal interactions in brain reward circuits under the influence of morphine action. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the roles of several reward circuits involved in morphine addiction based on pharmacological, molecular and physiological evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Suji Ham
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Heeok Hong
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Heh-In Im
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113,
Korea
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