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Ayahuasca's therapeutic potential: What we know - and what not. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 66:45-61. [PMID: 36368095 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the psychedelic brew ayahuasca has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Currently, the most consistent evidence refers to depression. However, various studies suggest that ayahuasca may comprise therapeutic benefits in other health conditions. This narrative review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of ayahuasca's therapeutic effects in diverse clinical conditions in human (clinical, cross-sectional, observational, and qualitative) and preclinical (animal and in vitro) studies. In addition to summarizing and discussing the most commonly studied conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders (SUD), we also examine less frequently studied psychiatric, neurological, and physical conditions. Moreover, we discuss evidence from epidemiological studies on the impact of regular, long-term ayahuasca use on health and psychosocial outcomes. Overall, evidence for depression and SUD is more consistent, with numerous and diverse studies. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that other conditions equally relevant to public health might be promising targets for ayahuasca's therapeutic effects. This includes preliminary studies indicating potential for grief, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and severe physical illnesses (e.g., cancer, chronic conditions). Moreover, preliminary evidence in long-term ayahuasca users does not suggest detrimental effects but possible benefits for individual and collective health. In light of the emerging evidence of psychedelic drugs as therapeutic agents, it is essential to further investigate in rigorous designs the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca in conditions other than depression.
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Yaghoobpoor S, Qadirifard MS, Kosari M, Naghsh N, Asgari taei A, Klegeris A, Dehghani M, Bahrami A, Taheri H, Mohamadkhani A, Hajibeygi R, Rezaei Tavirani M, Sayehmiri F. Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:855776. [PMID: 35912090 PMCID: PMC9327618 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.855776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by neuroinflammation, formation of Lewy bodies, and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. In this review, we summarize evidence obtained by animal studies demonstrating neuroinflammation as one of the central pathogenetic mechanisms of PD. We also focus on the protein factors that initiate the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Our targeted literature search identified 40 pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro studies written in English. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway is demonstrated as a common mechanism engaged by neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), as well as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The α-synuclein protein, which plays a prominent role in PD neuropathology, may also contribute to neuroinflammation by activating mast cells. Meanwhile, 6-OHDA models of PD identify microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) as one of the contributors to neuroinflammatory processes in this model. Immune responses are used by the central nervous system to fight and remove pathogens; however, hyperactivated and prolonged immune responses can lead to a harmful neuroinflammatory state, which is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Qadirifard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kosari
- The First Clinical College, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Dehghani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bahrami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Taheri
- Dental School, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
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Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Bombicz M, Priksz D, Kovács A, Juhász B, Frecska E, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Therapeutic Properties of Ayahuasca Components in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of the Eye. Biomedicines 2022; 10:997. [PMID: 35625734 PMCID: PMC9138933 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic eye diseases are major causes of vision impairment. Thus, potential retinoprotective effects of N'N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) were investigated. To inhibit its rapid breakdown by monoamine-oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme, DMT was co-administered with harmaline, a β-carboline in the Amazonian Ayahuasca brew. Using ligation, 60 min of ischemia was provoked in eyes of rats, followed by 7 days of reperfusion whilst animals received harmaline alone, DMT + harmaline, or vehicle treatment. After 1 week of reperfusion, electroretinographical (ERG) measurements, histological analysis, and Western blot were performed. Harmaline alone exhibited retinoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) which was, surprisingly, counterbalanced by DMT in case of co-administration. As both MAO-A inhibition and DMT increase serotoninergic tone synergistically, communicated to be anti-ischemic, thus, involvement of other pathways was investigated. Based on our experiments, DMT and harmaline exert opposite effects on important ocular proteins such as PARP1, NFκB, MMP9, or HSP70, each having a critical role in a different mechanism of eye-ischemia-related pathologies, e.g., cell death, inflammation, tissue destruction, and oxidative stress. Since DMT is proclaimed to be a promising drug candidate, its potentially undesirable effect on eye-ischemia should be further investigated. Meanwhile, this experiment revealed the potential therapeutic effect of MAO-A inhibitor harmaline in I/R-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Attila Kovács
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ede Frecska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
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Saha S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Tucci P, Saso L. A Perspective on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway for Neuroinflammation: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:787258. [PMID: 35126058 PMCID: PMC8813964 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.787258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), the leading causes of dementia. These neurological disorders are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-ß (Aß), tau protein and α-synuclein, contributing to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Misfolded proteins activate microglia, which induces neuroinflammation, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently facilitates synaptic damage and neuronal loss. So far, all the proposed drugs were based on the inhibition of protein aggregation and were failed in clinical trials. Therefore, the treatment options of dementia are still a challenging issue. Thus, it is worthwhile to study alternative therapeutic strategies. In this context, there is increasing data on the pivotal role of transcription factor NF- E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on the redox homeostasis and anti-inflammatory functions in neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, Nrf2 signaling pathway has shown upregulation of antioxidant genes, inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammation, and improved mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting Nrf2 activation could be a novel therapeutic approach to target pathogenesis. The present review will examine the correlation between Nrf2 signaling with neuroinflammation in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Chen JW, Xu JC, Malkasian D, Perez-Rosendahl MA, Tran DK. The Mini-Craniotomy for cSDH Revisited: New Perspectives. Front Neurol 2021; 12:660885. [PMID: 34025564 PMCID: PMC8134699 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.660885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) are increasingly prevalent worldwide with the increased aging population and anticoagulant use. Different surgical, medical, and endovascular treatments have had varying success rates. Primary neurosurgical interventions include burr hole drainage of the cSDH and mini-craniotomies/craniotomies with or without fenestration of the inner membrane. A key assessment of the success or failure of cSDH treatments has been symptomatic recurrence rates which have historically ranged from 5 to 30%. Pre-operative prediction of the inner subdural membrane by CT scan was used to guide our decision to perform mini-craniotomies. Release of the inner membrane facilitates the expansion of the brain and likely improves glymphatic flow. Methods: Consecutive mini-craniotomies (N = 34) for cSDH evacuation performed by a single neurosurgeon at a quaternary academic medical center/Level I trauma center from July 2018-September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics [age, gender, presenting GCS, GOS, initial CTs noting the inner subdural membrane, midline shift (MLS), cSDH width, inner membrane fenestration, cSDH recurrence, post-operative seizures, infections, length of stay] were extracted from the EMR. Results: Twenty nine patients had mini-craniotomies as primary treatment of the cSDH. Mean age = 68.9 ± 19.7 years (range 22–102), mean pre-operative GCS = 14.5 ± 1.1, mean MLS = 6.75 ± 4.2 mm, and mean maximum thickness of cSDH = 17.7 ± 6.0 mm. Twenty four were unilateral, five bilateral, 34 total craniotomies were performed. Thirty three had inner membrane signs on pre-operative head CTs and an inner subdural membrane was fenestrated in all cases except for the one craniotomy that didn't show these characteristic CT findings. Mean operating time = 79.5 ± 26.0 min. Radiographic and clinical improvement occurred in all patients. Mean improvement in MLS = 3.85 ± 2.69. There were no symptomatic recurrences, re-operations, surgical site infections, or deaths during the 6 months of follow-up. One patient was treated for post-operative seizures with AEDs for 6 months. Conclusion: Pre-operative CT scans demonstrating inner subdural membranes may guide one to target the treatment to allow release of this tension band. Mini-craniotomy with careful fenestration of the inner membrane is very effective for this. Brain re-expansion and re-establishment of normal brain interstitial flow may be important in long term outcomes with cSDH and may be related to the recent interests in brain glymphatics and dural lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson W Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Jordan C Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Dennis Malkasian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Mari A Perez-Rosendahl
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Diem Kieu Tran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
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Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo J, Muñoz A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Labandeira-García JL, Navarro G, Franco R. Novel Interactions Involving the Mas Receptor Show Potential of the Renin-Angiotensin system in the Regulation of Microglia Activation: Altered Expression in Parkinsonism and Dyskinesia. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:998-1016. [PMID: 33474655 PMCID: PMC7817140 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) not only plays an important role in controlling blood pressure but also participates in almost every process to maintain homeostasis in mammals. Interest has recently increased because SARS viruses use one RAS component (ACE2) as a target-cell receptor. The occurrence of RAS in the basal ganglia suggests that the system may be targeted to improve the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. RAS-related data led to the hypothesis that RAS receptors may interact with each other. The aim of this paper was to find heteromers formed by Mas and angiotensin receptors and to address their functionality in neurons and microglia. Novel interactions were discovered by using resonance energy transfer techniques. The functionality of individual and interacting receptors was assayed by measuring levels of the second messengers cAMP and Ca2+ in transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) and primary cultures of striatal cells. Receptor complex expression was assayed by in situ proximity ligation assay. Functionality and expression were assayed in parallel in primary cultures of microglia treated or not with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The proximity ligation assay was used to assess heteromer expression in parkinsonian and dyskinetic conditions. Complexes formed by Mas and the angiotensin AT1 or AT2 receptors were identified in both a heterologous expression system and in neural primary cultures. In the heterologous system, we showed that the three receptors-MasR, AT1R, and AT2R-can interact to form heterotrimers. The expression of receptor dimers (AT1R-MasR or AT2R-MasR) was higher in microglia than in neurons and was differentially affected upon microglial activation with lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ. In all cases, agonist-induced signaling was reduced upon coactivation, and in some cases just by coexpression. Also, the blockade of signaling of two receptors in a complex by the action of a given (selective) receptor antagonist (cross-antagonism) was often observed. Differential expression of the complexes was observed in the striatum under parkinsonian conditions and especially in animals rendered dyskinetic by levodopa treatment. The negative modulation of calcium mobilization (mediated by AT1R activation), the multiplicity of possibilities on RAS affecting the MAPK pathway, and the disbalanced expression of heteromers in dyskinesia yield new insight into the operation of the RAS system, how it becomes unbalanced, and how a disbalanced RAS can be rebalanced. Furthermore, RAS components in activated microglia warrant attention in drug-development approaches to address neurodegeneration.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Oxidopamine/toxicity
- Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced
- Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Mas/agonists
- Proto-Oncogene Mas/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - José Luís Labandeira-García
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain.
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Rivas-Santisteban R, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Muñoz A, Reyes-Resina I, Labandeira-García JL, Navarro G, Franco R. Angiotensin AT 1 and AT 2 receptor heteromer expression in the hemilesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease that increases with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:243. [PMID: 32807174 PMCID: PMC7430099 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), a disease due to substantia nigra neurodegeneration and whose dopamine-replacement therapy, using the precursor levodopa, leads to dyskinesias as the main side effect. Angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors, mainly known for their role in regulating water homeostasis and blood pressure and able to form heterodimers (AT1/2Hets), are present in the central nervous system. We assessed the functionality and expression of AT1/2Hets in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Immunocytochemistry was used to analyze the colocalization between angiotensin receptors; bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was used to detect AT1/2Hets. Calcium and cAMP determination, MAPK activation, and label-free assays were performed to characterize signaling in homologous and heterologous systems. Proximity ligation assays were used to quantify receptor expression in mouse primary cultures and in rat striatal sections. RESULTS We confirmed that AT1 and AT2 receptors form AT1/2Hets that are expressed in cells of the central nervous system. AT1/2Hets are novel functional units with particular signaling properties. Importantly, the coactivation of the two receptors in the heteromer reduces the signaling output of angiotensin. Remarkably, AT1/2Hets that are expressed in both striatal neurons and microglia make possible that candesartan, the antagonist of AT1, increases the effect of AT2 receptor agonists. In addition, the level of striatal expression increased in the unilateral 6-OH-dopamine lesioned rat PD model and was markedly higher in parkinsonian-like animals that did not become dyskinetic upon levodopa chronic administration if compared with expression in those that became dyskinetic. CONCLUSION The results indicate that boosting the action of neuroprotective AT2 receptors using an AT1 receptor antagonist constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Current adress: RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - José Luis Labandeira-García
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Chang CL, Sim JL, Delgardo MW, Ruan DT, Connolly ES. Predicting Chronic Subdural Hematoma Resolution and Time to Resolution Following Surgical Evacuation. Front Neurol 2020; 11:677. [PMID: 32760342 PMCID: PMC7371920 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence suggests that chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) may have long-term adverse effects even after surgical evacuation. Hematoma recurrence is commonly reported as a short-term, postoperative outcome measure for CSDH, but other measures such as hematoma resolution may provide better insight regarding mechanisms behind longer-term sequelae. This study aims to characterize postoperative resolution times and identify predictors for this relatively unexplored metric. Methods: Consecutive cases (N = 122) of burr hole evacuation for CSDH by a single neurosurgeon at Columbia University Irving Medical Center from 2000 to 2019 were retrospectively identified. Patient characteristics, presenting factors, and date of hematoma resolution were abstracted from the electronic health record. Outcome measures included CSDH resolution at 6 months, surgery-to-resolution time, and inpatient mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of outcome measures. Results: Hematoma resolution at 6 months was observed in 58 patients (47.5%), and median surgery-to-resolution time was 161 days (IQR: 85-367). Heavy drinking was predictive of non-resolution at 6 months and longer surgery-to-resolution time, while increased age was predictive of non-resolution at 6 months. Antiplatelet agent resumption was associated with non-resolution at 6 months and longer surgery-to-resolution time on univariate analysis but was not significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Postoperative resolution times for most CSDHs are on the order of several months to a year, and delayed resolution is linked to heavy drinking and advanced age. Subsequent prospective studies are needed to directly assess the utility of hematoma resolution as a potential metric for long-term functional and cognitive outcomes of CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Chang
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin L Sim
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mychael W Delgardo
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diana T Ruan
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - E Sander Connolly
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Sharma V, Kaur A, Singh TG. Counteracting role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110373. [PMID: 32603894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A salient pathological features in Alzheimer's disease includes redox impairment and neuroinflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ҡB) are the two key transcription factors that regulate cellular responses to redox impairment and neuroinflammation respectively. An effective way to confer neuroprotection in central nervous system (CNS) is the activation of a transcription factor i.e Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). An enhancer element known as Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) mediates the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes. Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factor that binds to ARE thereby transcribing expression of several antioxidant genes. Kelch ECH associating protein-1 (Keap1), a culin 3-based E3 ligase, polyubiquitinates Nrf2 and targets it for its degradation. Disruption in the interaction between Keap1/Nrf2 can increase the brain's endogenous antioxidant capacity and thereby responsible for cell defence against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current review discusses about Keap1-Nrf2-ARE structure and function with special emphasis on the various pathways involved in positive and negative modulation of Nrf2, namely Phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Nuclear factor kappa-b (NF-ҡb), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT),Tumour Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α), p38Mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and intrinsic & extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, this review highlights the miscellaneous Nrf2 activators as promising therapeutic agents for slowingdown the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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10
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Moosavi Sohroforouzani A, Shakerian S, Ghanbarzadeh M, Alaei H. Treadmill exercise improves LPS-induced memory impairments via endocannabinoid receptors and cyclooxygenase enzymes. Behav Brain Res 2020; 380:112440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Losartan modulates brain inflammation and improves mood disorders and memory impairment induced by innate immune activation: The role of PPAR-γ activation. Cytokine 2020; 125:154860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Ali SM, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Anwar A, Siddiqui R. Biologically active metabolite(s) from haemolymph of red-headed centipede Scolopendra subspinipes possess broad spectrum antibacterial activity. AMB Express 2019; 9:95. [PMID: 31254123 PMCID: PMC6598926 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel antimicrobials from animal species under pollution is an area untapped. Chinese red-headed centipede is one of the hardiest arthropod species commonly known for its therapeutic value in traditional Chinese medicine. Here we determined the antibacterial activity of haemolymph and tissue extracts of red-headed centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lysates exhibited potent antibacterial activities against a broad range of bacteria tested. Chemical characterization of biologically active molecules was determined via liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis. From crude haemolymph extract, 12 compounds were identified including: (1) L-Homotyrosine, (2) 8-Acetoxy-4-acoren-3-one, (3) N-Undecylbenzenesulfonic acid, (4) 2-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, (5) 3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-thione, (6) Acetylenedicarboxylate, (7) Albuterol, (8) Tetradecylamine, (9) Curcumenol, (10) 3-Butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide, (11) Oleoyl Ethanolamide and (12) Docosanedioic acid. Antimicrobial activities of the identified compounds were reported against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites, that possibly explain centipede's survival in harsh and polluted environments. Further research in characterization, molecular mechanism of action and in vivo testing of active molecules is needed for the development of novel antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Mansur Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - K. Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
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13
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu J, Sutphen CL, Cruchaga C, Blazey T, Gordon BA, Su Y, Chen C, Shimony JS, Ances BM, Cairns NJ, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS. Quantification of white matter cellularity and damage in preclinical and early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101767. [PMID: 30901713 PMCID: PMC6428957 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interest in understanding the roles of white matter (WM) inflammation and damage in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been growing significantly in recent years. However, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for imaging inflammation are still lacking. An advanced diffusion-based MRI method, neuro-inflammation imaging (NII), has been developed to clinically image and quantify WM inflammation and damage in AD. Here, we employed NII measures in conjunction with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker classification (for β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurodegeneration) to evaluate 200 participants in an ongoing study of memory and aging. Elevated NII-derived cellular diffusivity was observed in both preclinical and early symptomatic phases of AD, while disruption of WM integrity, as detected by decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased radial diffusivity (RD), was only observed in the symptomatic phase of AD. This may suggest that WM inflammation occurs earlier than WM damage following abnormal Aβ accumulation in AD. The negative correlation between NII-derived cellular diffusivity and CSF Aβ42 level (a marker of amyloidosis) may indicate that WM inflammation is associated with increasing Aβ burden. NII-derived FA also negatively correlated with CSF t-tau level (a marker of neurodegeneration), suggesting that disruption of WM integrity is associated with increasing neurodegeneration. Our findings demonstrated the capability of NII to simultaneously image and quantify WM cellularity changes and damage in preclinical and early symptomatic AD. NII may serve as a clinically feasible imaging tool to study the individual and composite roles of WM inflammation and damage in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering & Applied Science, St. Louis, MO 63015, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Courtney L Sutphen
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Charlie Chen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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14
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Dinkova‐Kostova AT, Kostov RV, Kazantsev AG. The role of Nrf2 signaling in counteracting neurodegenerative diseases. FEBS J 2018; 285:3576-3590. [PMID: 29323772 PMCID: PMC6221096 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) functions at the interface of cellular redox and intermediary metabolism. Nrf2 target genes encode antioxidant enzymes, and proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification, repair and removal of damaged proteins and organelles, inflammation, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. The function of Nrf2 is altered in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. Nrf2 activation mitigates multiple pathogenic processes involved in these neurodegenerative disorders through upregulation of antioxidant defenses, inhibition of inflammation, improvement of mitochondrial function, and maintenance of protein homeostasis. Small molecule pharmacological activators of Nrf2 have shown protective effects in numerous animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and in cultures of human cells expressing mutant proteins. Targeting Nrf2 signaling may provide a therapeutic option to delay onset, slow progression, and ameliorate symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T. Dinkova‐Kostova
- Division of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeUK
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Rumen V. Kostov
- Division of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Aleksey G. Kazantsev
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Effective TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
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15
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Elkahloun AG, Rodriguez Y, Alaiyed S, Wenzel E, Saavedra JM. Telmisartan Protects a Microglia Cell Line from LPS Injury Beyond AT1 Receptor Blockade or PPARγ Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3193-3210. [PMID: 30105672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Telmisartan reduces inflammation through Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation. However, in a mouse microglia-like BV2 cell line, imitating primary microglia responses with high fidelity and devoid of AT1 receptor gene expression or PPARγ activation, Telmisartan reduced gene expression of pro-injury factors, enhanced that of anti-inflammatory genes, and prevented LPS-induced increase in inflammatory markers. Using global gene expression profiling and pathways analysis, we revealed that Telmisartan normalized the expression of hundreds of genes upregulated by LPS and linked with inflammation, apoptosis and neurodegenerative disorders, while downregulating the expression of genes associated with oncological, neurodegenerative and viral diseases. The PPARγ full agonist Pioglitazone had no neuroprotective effects. Surprisingly, the PPARγ antagonists GW9662 and T0070907 were neuroprotective and enhanced Telmisartan effects. GW9226 alone significantly reduced LPS toxic effects and enhanced Telmisartan neuroprotection, including downregulation of pro-inflammatory TLR2 gene expression. Telmisartan and GW9662 effects on LPS injury negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors and upstream regulators, including TLR2, and positively with known neuroprotective factors and upstream regulators. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the Telmisartan and GW9662 data revealed negative correlations with sets of genes associated with neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders and toxic treatments in cultured systems, while demonstrating positive correlations with gene sets associated with neuroprotection and kinase inhibition. Our results strongly suggest that novel neuroprotective effects of Telmisartan and GW9662, beyond AT1 receptor blockade or PPARγ activation, include downregulation of the TLR2 signaling pathway, findings that may have translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel G Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr, MSC 4435, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4435, USA
| | - Yara Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Seham Alaiyed
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Erin Wenzel
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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16
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Salmani H, Hosseini M, Beheshti F, Baghcheghi Y, Sadeghnia HR, Soukhtanloo M, Shafei MN, Khazaei M. Angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan ameliorates neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences of lipopolysaccharide injection. Life Sci 2018; 203:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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de Oliveira MR, Andrade CMB, Fürstenau CR. Naringenin Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects in Paraquat-Treated SH-SY5Y Cells Through a Mechanism Associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:894-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Penke B, Fülöp L, Szűcs M, Frecska E. The Role of Sigma-1 Receptor, an Intracellular Chaperone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:97-116. [PMID: 28554311 PMCID: PMC5771390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170529104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread protein aggregation occurs in the living system under stress or during aging, owing to disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. Many neurodegenerative diseases may have a common mechanism: the failure of protein homeostasis. Perturbation of ER results in unfolded protein response (UPR). Prolonged chronical UPR may activate apoptotic pathways and cause cell death. METHODS Research articles on Sigma-1 receptor were reviewed. RESULTS ER is associated to mitochondria by the mitochondria-associated ER-membrane, MAM. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a well-known ER-chaperone localizes in the MAM. It serves for Ca2+-signaling between the ER and mitochondria, involved in ion channel activities and especially important during neuronal differentiation. Sig-1R acts as central modulator in inter-organelle signaling. Sig-1R helps cell survival by attenuating ER-stress. According to sequence based predictions Sig-1R is a 223 amino acid protein with two transmembrane (2TM) domains. The X-ray structure of the Sig-1R [1] showed a membrane-bound trimeric assembly with one transmembrane (1TM) region. Despite the in vitro determined assembly, the results of in vivo studies are rather consistent with the 2TM structure. The receptor has unique and versatile pharmacological profile. Dimethyl tryptamine (DMT) and neuroactive steroids are endogenous ligands that activate Sig-1R. The receptor has a plethora of interacting client proteins. Sig-1R exists in oligomeric structures (dimer-trimer-octamer-multimer) and this fact may explain interaction with diverse proteins. CONCLUSION Sig-1R agonists have been used in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Utilization of Sig-1R agents early in AD and similar other diseases has remained an overlooked therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Szűcs
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Frecska
- University of Debrecen, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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19
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Nguyen L, Lucke-Wold BP, Mookerjee S, Kaushal N, Matsumoto RR. Sigma-1 Receptors and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Towards a Hypothesis of Sigma-1 Receptors as Amplifiers of Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:133-152. [PMID: 28315269 PMCID: PMC5500918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors are molecular chaperones that may act as pathological mediators and targets for novel therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that sigma-1 ligands can either directly or indirectly modulate multiple neurodegenerative processes, including excitotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, inflammation, and astrogliosis. In addition, sigma-1 ligands may act as disease-modifying agents in the treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases by promoting the activity of neurotrophic factors and neural plasticity. Here, we summarize their neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in different animal models of acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and highlight their potential role in mitigating disease. Notably, current data suggest that sigma-1 receptor dysfunction worsens disease progression, whereas enhancement amplifies pre-existing functional mechanisms of neuroprotection and/or restoration to slow disease progression. Collectively, the data support a model of the sigma-1 receptor as an amplifier of intracellular signaling, and suggest future clinical applications of sigma-1 ligands as part of multi-therapy approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Shona Mookerjee
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | | | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA.
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20
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Sałat K, Gdula-Argasińska J, Malikowska N, Podkowa A, Lipkowska A, Librowski T. Effect of pregabalin on contextual memory deficits and inflammatory state-related protein expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:613-23. [PMID: 26984821 PMCID: PMC4866991 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion or its action. Complications from long-term diabetes consist of numerous biochemical, molecular, and functional tissue alterations, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuropathic pain. There is also a link between diabetes mellitus and vascular dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, it is important to treat diabetic complications using drugs which do not aggravate symptoms induced by the disease itself. Pregabalin is widely used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain, but little is known about its impact on cognition or inflammation-related proteins in diabetic patients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal (ip) pregabalin on contextual memory and the expression of inflammatory state-related proteins in the brains of diabetic, streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. STZ (200 mg/kg, ip) was used to induce diabetes mellitus. To assess the impact of pregabalin (10 mg/kg) on contextual memory, a passive avoidance task was applied. Locomotor and exploratory activities in pregabalin-treated diabetic mice were assessed by using activity cages. Using Western blot analysis, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) p50 and p65, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as well as glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT4) was assessed in mouse brains after pregabalin treatment. Pregabalin did not aggravate STZ-induced learning deficits in vivo or influence animals’ locomotor activity. We observed significantly lower expression of COX-2, cPGES, and NF-κB p50 subunit, and higher expression of AhR and Nrf2 in the brains of pregabalin-treated mice in comparison to STZ-treated controls, which suggested immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of pregabalin. Antioxidant properties of pregabalin in the brains of diabetic animals were also demonstrated. Pregabalin does not potentiate STZ-induced cognitive decline, and it has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties in mice. These results confirm the validity of its use in diabetic patients. Effect of pregabalin on fear-motivated memory and markers of brain tissue inflammation in diabetic mice ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Malikowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Lipkowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Librowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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Frecska E, Bokor P, Winkelman M. The Therapeutic Potentials of Ayahuasca: Possible Effects against Various Diseases of Civilization. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:35. [PMID: 26973523 PMCID: PMC4773875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychoactive brew of two main components. Its active agents are β-carboline and tryptamine derivatives. As a sacrament, ayahuasca is still a central element of many healing ceremonies in the Amazon Basin and its ritual consumption has become common among the mestizo populations of South America. Ayahuasca use amongst the indigenous people of the Amazon is a form of traditional medicine and cultural psychiatry. During the last two decades, the substance has become increasingly known among both scientists and laymen, and currently its use is spreading all over in the Western world. In the present paper we describe the chief characteristics of ayahuasca, discuss important questions raised about its use, and provide an overview of the scientific research supporting its potential therapeutic benefits. A growing number of studies indicate that the psychotherapeutic potential of ayahuasca is based mostly on the strong serotonergic effects, whereas the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) agonist effect of its active ingredient dimethyltryptamine raises the possibility that the ethnomedical observations on the diversity of treated conditions can be scientifically verified. Moreover, in the right therapeutic or ritual setting with proper preparation and mindset of the user, followed by subsequent integration of the experience, ayahuasca has proven effective in the treatment of substance dependence. This article has two important take-home messages: (1) the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca are best understood from a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model, and (2) on the biological level ayahuasca may act against chronic low grade inflammation and oxidative stress via the Sig-1R which can explain its widespread therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ede Frecska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Bokor
- Doctoral School of Psychology, University of Pécs Pécs, Hungary
| | - Michael Winkelman
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA
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Kempuraj D, Thangavel R, Fattal R, Pattani S, Yang E, Zaheer S, Santillan DA, Santillan MK, Zaheer A. Mast Cells Release Chemokine CCL2 in Response to Parkinsonian Toxin 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-Pyridinium (MPP(+)). Neurochem Res 2015; 41:1042-9. [PMID: 26646004 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are crucial events in neuroinflammation. Microglial cells interact and respond to other inflammatory cells such as T cells and mast cells as well as inflammatory mediators secreted from these cells. Recent studies have shown that neuroinflammation causes and accelerates neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP(+)), the active metabolite of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine activates glial cells and mediate neurodegeneration through release of inflammatory mediators. We have shown that glia maturation factor (GMF) activates glia and induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and that MPP(+) activates mast cells and release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) levels have been shown to be elevated and play a role in PD pathogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed if MPP(+) activates mouse and human mast cells to release chemokine CCL2. Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells (hCBMCs) were incubated with MPP(+) (10 µM) for 24 h and CCL2 levels were measured in the supernatant media by ELISA. MPP(+)-significantly induced CCL2 release from BMMCs and hCBMCs. Additionally, GMF overexpression in BMMCs obtained from wild-type mice released significantly more CCL2, while BMMCs obtained from GMF-deficient mice showed less CCL2 release. Further, we show that MPP(+)-induced CCL2 release was greater in BMMCs-astrocyte co-culture conditions. Uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) which is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including PD was detected in BMMCs by immunocytochemistry. Our results suggest that mast cells may play role in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ranan Fattal
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sagar Pattani
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Evert Yang
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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The Dietary Components Carnosic Acid and Carnosol as Neuroprotective Agents: a Mechanistic View. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6155-6168. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Förster D, Reiser G. Supportive or detrimental roles of P2Y receptors in brain pathology?--The two faces of P2Y receptors in stroke and neurodegeneration detected in neural cell and in animal model studies. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:441-54. [PMID: 26407872 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describing the role of P2Y receptors in neuropathological conditions focuses on obvious differences between results demonstrating either a role in neuroprotection or in neurodegeneration, depending on in vitro and in vivo models. Such critical juxtaposition puts special emphasis on discussions of beneficial and detrimental effects of P2Y receptor agonists and antagonists in these models. The mechanisms reported to underlie the protection in vitro include increased expression of oxidoreductase genes, like carbonyl reductase and thioredoxin reductase; increased expression of inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2; extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and Akt-mediated antiapoptotic signaling; increased expression of Bcl-2 proteins, neurotrophins, neuropeptides, and growth factors; decreased Bax expression; non-amyloidogenic APP shedding; and increased neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells. Animal studies investigating the influence of P2Y receptors in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models for stroke prove beneficial effects of P2Y receptor antagonists. In MCAO mice and rats, the application of broad-range P2 receptor antagonists decreased the infarct volume and improved neurological outcome. Moreover, antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor, one of the most abundant P2Y receptor subtypes in brain tissue, decreased neuronal loss and improved spatial memory in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Currently available data show a discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo models concerning the benefits of P2Y receptor activation in pathological conditions. In vitro models demonstrate protection by P2Y receptor agonists, but in vivo P2Y receptor activation deteriorates the outcome after MCAO and controlled cortical impact brain injury, a TBI model. To broaden the scope of the review, we additionally discuss publications that demonstrate detrimental effects of P2Y receptor agonists in vitro and publications showing protective effects of agonists in vivo. All these studies help to better understand the significant role of P2Y receptors especially in stroke models and to develop pharmacological strategies for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Förster
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Neurobiochemie (Institut für Inflammation und Neurodegeneration), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Georg Reiser
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Neurobiochemie (Institut für Inflammation und Neurodegeneration), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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