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He L, Zhang R, Yang M, Lu M. The role of astrocyte in neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166992. [PMID: 38128844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, is a devastating condition characterized by initial mechanical damage followed by subsequent biochemical processes, including neuroinflammation. Astrocytes, the predominant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis and supporting neuronal function. Nevertheless, in response to TBI, astrocytes undergo substantial phenotypic alternations and actively contribute to the neuroinflammatory response. This article explores the multifaceted involvement of astrocytes in neuroinflammation subsequent to TBI, with a particular emphasis on their activation, release of inflammatory mediators, modulation of the blood-brain barrier, and interactions with other immune cells. A comprehensive understanding the dynamic interplay between astrocytes and neuroinflammation in the condition of TBI can provide valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating secondary damage and fostering neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China.
| | - Ruqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Maiqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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2
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Qian L, Yang T, Wu X. Crocin exerts anti-tumor effect in colon cancer cells <em>via</em> repressing the JAK pathway. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3697. [PMID: 37700733 PMCID: PMC10543190 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocin has been reported to have therapeutic effects on multiple cancers including colon cancer, but its specific mechanism is still ambiguous and needs to be further explored. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-116) and human normal colonic epithelial cells (CCD841) were first treated with increasing concentrations of crocin. Subsequently, with 150 and 200 μM of crocin, the cell vitality was examined by cell counting kit 8. Cell apoptosis and proliferation were tested by TUNEL staining and colony formation assay, respectively. The expression of Ki-67 was assessed by immunofluorescence. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the level of inflammation- and oxidative-related factors. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were examined by flow cytometer. Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) in HCT-116 cells were tested by Western blot. Different concentrations of crocin barely affected the CCD841 cell vitality, while crocin restrained the HCT-116 cells vitality, proliferation and the expression of Ki-67, while inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the contents of inflammation- and oxidative-related factors in HCT-116 cells were largely blunted by crocin that enhanced ROS and restrained the MMP and suppressed p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3, and p-ERK/ERK expression in HCT-116 cells. Crocin induced apoptosis and restored mitochondrial function in HCT-116 cells via repressing the JAK pathway. If the threptic effect works in patients, it could herald a new, effective treatment for colon cancer, improving the patients' prognosis and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changxing People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Desheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Center Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Liping Qian
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Tianxing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Sanmen County People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang.
| | - Xiaocheng Wu
- Pathology Laboratory, Hangzhou Dean Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
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3
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Liu F, Liu C, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Yan B. Neurotoxicity of the air-borne particles: From molecular events to human diseases. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131827. [PMID: 37315411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased incidence of CNS diseases in humans, as confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies. Animal models have demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure can damage brain tissue, neurodevelopmental issues and neurodegenerative diseases. Both animal and human cell models have identified oxidative stress and inflammation as the primary toxic effects of PM2.5 exposure. However, understanding how PM2.5 modulates neurotoxicity has proven challenging due to its complex and variable composition. This review aims to summarize the detrimental effects of inhaled PM2.5 on the CNS and the limited understanding of its underlying mechanism. It also highlights new frontiers in addressing these issues, such as modern laboratory and computational techniques and chemical reductionism tactics. By utilizing these approaches, we aim to fully elucidate the mechanism of PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity, treat associated diseases, and ultimately eliminate pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Tissue Engineering Skin Regeneration and Wound Repair, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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4
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Impacts of Environmental Pollution on Brain Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055045. [PMID: 36902485 PMCID: PMC10002587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollutants consist of several components, known as direct or indirect mutagens, that can be associated with the risk of tumorigenesis. The increased incidence of brain tumors, observed more frequently in industrialized countries, has generated a deeper interest in examining different pollutants that could be found in food, air, or water supply. These compounds, due to their chemical nature, alter the activity of biological molecules naturally found in the body. The bioaccumulation leads to harmful effects for humans, increasing the risk of the onset of several pathologies, including cancer. Environmental components often combine with other risk factors, such as the individual genetic component, which increases the chance of developing cancer. The objective of this review is to discuss the impact of environmental carcinogens on modulating the risk of brain tumorigenesis, focusing our attention on certain categories of pollutants and their sources.
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The Mechanism Study of Common Flavonoids on Antiglioma Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2198722. [PMID: 35140796 PMCID: PMC8820855 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2198722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adult patients. Among them, glioblastoma is a highly malignant one with a poor prognosis. Flavonoids are a class of phenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and have many biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, and anticancer. Nowadays, flavonoids have been applied to the therapy of glioma; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects has not been fully elaborated. This study was carried out to explore the mechanism of selected active flavonoid compounds in treating glioma using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. METHODS Active ingredients and associated targets of flavonoids were acquired by using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Swiss TargetPrediction platform. Genes related to glioma were obtained from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The intersection targets between flavonoid targets and glioma-related genes were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network via the STRING database, and the results were analyzed by Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed and displayed by utilizing the Metascape portal and clusterProfiler R package. Molecular docking was carried out by iGEMDOCK and SwissDock, and the results were visually displayed by UCSF Chimera software. RESULTS Eighty-four active flavonoid compounds and 258 targets overlapped between flavonoid targets and glioma-related genes were achieved. PPI network revealed potential therapeutic targets, such as AKT1, EGFR, VEGFA, MAPK3, and CASP3, based on their node degree. GO and KEGG analyses showed that core targets were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking simulation indicated that potential glioma-related targets-MAPK1 and HSP90AA1 were bounded more firmly with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) than with quercetin. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicated that selected active flavonoid compounds might play therapeutic roles in glioma mainly through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, EGCG had the potential antiglioma activity by targeting MAPK1 and HSP90AA1.
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6
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Antimony-induced astrocyte activation via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation-dependent CREB phosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 2021; 352:9-16. [PMID: 34571074 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the chemical element antimony (Sb) is neurotoxic; however, the molecular mechanisms behind Sb-related neuronal damage are currently unknown. In this study, we found that Sb exposure promoted astrocyte proliferation and increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), two key protein markers of reactive astrogliosis, at both the gene and protein level, suggesting that Sb induced astrocyte activation. Moreover, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathways were activated following Sb exposure. Inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced Sb-induced iNOS and GFAP upregulation, while inhibiting ERK reduced GFAP expression only, in Sb-exposed C6 cells. Sb treatment also induced the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), and the inhibition of CREB caused a reduction in Sb-induced GFAP and iNOS expression. Furthermore, inhibiting both p38 MAPK and ERK effectively alleviated CREB phosphorylation in Sb-exposed C6 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that p38 MAPK and ERK activation mediate Sb-induced astrocyte activation through CREB phosphorylation. These results help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying Sb-associated neurotoxicity.
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7
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Lecordier S, Manrique-Castano D, El Moghrabi Y, ElAli A. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727590. [PMID: 34566627 PMCID: PMC8461067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) constitutes the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VaD regroups heterogeneous neurological conditions in which the decline of cognitive functions, including executive functions, is associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebral vasculature. Among these cerebrovascular disorders, major stroke, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitute the major risk factors for VaD. These conditions alter neurovascular functions leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) deregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulation of neurovascular impairments over time underlies the cognitive function decline associated with VaD. Furthermore, several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes have been shown to exacerbate neurovascular impairments and thus increase VaD prevalence. Importantly, air pollution constitutes an underestimated risk factor that triggers vascular dysfunction via inflammation and oxidative stress. The review summarizes the current knowledge related to the pathological mechanisms linking neurovascular impairments associated with stroke, cSVD, and vascular risk factors with a particular emphasis on air pollution, to VaD etiology and progression. Furthermore, the review discusses the major challenges to fully elucidate the pathobiology of VaD, as well as research directions to outline new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yara El Moghrabi
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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8
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Wen Y, Ding X, Guan Q, Hu W, Wang B, Hu Q, Bigambo FM, Zhou Z, Wang X, Xia Y. Effects of exposure to urban particulate matter SRM 1648a during pregnancy on the neurobehavioral development of offspring mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112142. [PMID: 33740484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of the nervous system is crucial to a child's health. However, the nervous system is also susceptible to a variety of factors during development. To date, epidemiological studies have reported controversial results on the relationship between prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) and neurobehavioral development. Thus, we investigated the effect of PM exposure during pregnancy on the neurobehavioral development of offsprings. Adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PM from gestation day (GD) 0.5-21 by the intratracheal instillation. The daily exposure doses were 250 µg/kg.b.w and 2500 µg/kg.b.w respectively. The offspring mice began behavioral tests at the 5th week. We assessed neurobehavioral development, and the gene expression level changes in the mouse hippocampus using RNA-seq. In the open field test, the movement distance in the central area was significantly decreased in the high-dose group. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly increased in male offspring mice with prenatal high-dose PM exposure. The RNA-seq results suggested that the Prkca, Med12l, Ep300, and Slc16a10 in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway were significantly decreased in offspring mice in the high-dose group. Our data showed that prenatal PM exposure caused the offspring mice's anxiety-like behaviors and increased serum FT3 levels. The changes in thyroid hormone pathway-related genes might be the causes of the above series of changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xingwang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Quanquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, York College, City University of New York, New York 11451, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Morris RH, Counsell SJ, McGonnell IM, Thornton C. Early life exposure to air pollution impacts neuronal and glial cell function leading to impaired neurodevelopment. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000288. [PMID: 33751627 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organisation recently listed air pollution as the most significant threat to human health. Air pollution comprises particulate matter (PM), metals, black carbon and gases such as ozone (O3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). In addition to respiratory and cardiovascular disease, PM exposure is linked with increased risk of neurodegeneration as well as neurodevelopmental impairments. Critically, studies suggest that PM crosses the placenta, making direct in utero exposure a reality. Rodent models reveal that neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance and oxidative stress are triggered following gestational/early life exposure to PM, and may be exacerbated by concomitant mitochondrial dysfunction. Gestational PM exposure (potentiated by mitochondrial impairment in the metabolically active neonatal brain) not only impacts neurodevelopment but may sensitise the brain to subsequent cognitive impairment. Having reviewed this field, we conclude that strategies are urgently required to reduce exposure to PM during this sensitive developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Morris
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Imelda M McGonnell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Gómez-Budia M, Konttinen H, Saveleva L, Korhonen P, Jalava PI, Kanninen KM, Malm T. Glial smog: Interplay between air pollution and astrocyte-microglia interactions. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Systemic Exposure to Air Pollution Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mouse Brain, Contributing to Neurodegeneration Onset. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103699. [PMID: 32456361 PMCID: PMC7279458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In northern Italy, biomass burning-derived (BB) particles and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are considered the most significant contributors to ultrafine particle (UFP) emission. However, a comparison between their impact on different brain regions was not investigated until now. Therefore, male BALB/c mice were treated with a single or three consecutive intratracheal instillations using 50 µg of UFPs in 100 µL of isotonic saline solution or 100 µL of isotonic saline solution alone, and brains were collected and analyzed. Proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as Alzheimer's disease markers, were examined in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and the rest of the brain (RoB). Histopathological examination of the brain was also performed. Moreover, correlations among different brain, pulmonary, and cardiovascular markers were performed, allowing us to identify the potentially most stressful UFP source. Although both acute exposures induced inflammatory pathways in mouse brain, only DEP showed strong oxidative stress. The sub-acute exposure also induced the modulation of APP and BACE1 protein levels for both UFPs. We observed that DEP exposure is more harmful than BB, and this different response could be explained by this UFP's different chemical composition and reactivity.
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12
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IRF4 and STAT3 activities are associated with the imbalanced differentiation of T-cells in responses to inhalable particulate matters. Respir Res 2020; 21:123. [PMID: 32448264 PMCID: PMC7245756 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Particulate Matter (PM) is known to cause inflammatory responses in human. Although prior studies verified the immunogenicity of PM in cell lines and animal models, the effectors of PM exposure in the respiratory system and the regulators of the immunogenicity of PM is not fully elucidated. Methods To identify the potential effector of PM exposure in human respiratory system and to better understand the biology of the immunogenicity of PM, We performed gene-expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 171 heathy subjects in northern China to identify co-expressed gene modules associated with PM exposure. We inferred transcription factors regulating the co-expression and validated the association to T-cell differentiation in both primary T-cells and mice treated with PM. Results We report two transcription factors, IRF4 and STAT3, as regulators of the gene expression in response to PM exposure in human. We confirmed that the activation of IRF4 and STAT3 by PM is strongly associated with imbalanced differentiation of T-cells in the respiratory tracts in a time-sensitive manner in mouse. We also verified the consequential inflammatory responses of the PM exposure. Moreover, we show that the protein levels of phosphorylated IRF4 and STAT3 increase with PM exposure. Conclusions Our study suggests the regulatory activities of IRF4 and STAT3 are associated with the Th17-mediated inflammatory responses to PM exposure in the respiratory tracts, which informs the biological background of the immunogenicity of particulate matters.
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Gao S, Wang J, Tian S, Luo J. miR‑9 depletion suppresses the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting p16. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1921-1932. [PMID: 31081054 PMCID: PMC6521929 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignancy in adolescents and children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) can regulate the progression of OS. Herein, we explored the target genes and effects of miR-9 in OS. Cell growth, colony formation and cell cycle were respectively examined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), crystal violet staining and flow cytometry. The target gene of miR-9 was predicted according to the MicroRNA.org website. Luciferase activity was examined using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay kit. The corresponding factors levels were analyzed by carrying out reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. A mouse model of OS was also established and the volume and weight of the tumors of the mice with OS were measured. The levels of p16 in the mice with OS were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data revealed a high expression of miR-9 and a low expression of p16 in the OS tissue. p16 was found to be the target gene for miR-9 in OS. miR-9 depletion decreased the proliferation and colony formation of Saos-2 cells by arresting the cells at the G1 phase, accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression levels. Moreover, miR-9 depletion inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In vivo, miR-9 depletion decreased the tumor volume and weight and increased p16 expression in the mouse tumor tissues. Nevertheless, p16 silencing reversed the suppressive effects of miR-9 inhibitors on OS cells. On the whole, the findings of this study substantiate that miR-9 depletion suppresses cell proliferation by targeting p16 in OS and by mediating the activation of the ERK/p38/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shujian Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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14
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Liu Y, Eaton ED, Wills TE, McCann SK, Antonic A, Howells DW. Human Ischaemic Cascade Studies Using SH-SY5Y Cells: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:564-574. [PMID: 29572690 PMCID: PMC6208743 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Low translational yield for stroke may reflect the focus of discovery science on rodents rather than humans. Just how little is known about human neuronal ischaemic responses is confirmed by systematic review and meta-analysis revealing that data for the most commonly used SH-SY5Y human cells comprises only 84 papers. Oxygen-glucose deprivation, H2O2, hypoxia, glucose-deprivation and glutamate excitotoxicity yielded - 58, - 61, - 29, - 45 and - 49% injury, respectively, with a dose-response relationship found only for H2O2 injury (R2 = 29.29%, p < 0.002). Heterogeneity (I2 = 99.36%, df = 132, p < 0.0001) was largely attributable to the methods used to detect injury (R2 = 44.77%, p < 0.000) with cell death assays detecting greater injury than survival assays (- 71 vs - 47%, R2 = 28.64%, p < 0.000). Seventy-four percent of publications provided no description of differentiation status, but in the 26% that did, undifferentiated cells were susceptible to greater injury (R2 = 4.13%, p < 0.047). One hundred and sixty-nine interventions improved average survival by 34.67% (p < 0.0001). Eighty-eight comparisons using oxygen-glucose deprivation found both benefit and harm, but studies using glutamate and H2O2 injury reported only improvement. In studies using glucose deprivation, intervention generally worsened outcome. There was insufficient data to rank individual interventions, but of the studies reporting greatest improvement (> 90% effect size), 7/13 were of herbal medicine constituents (24.85% of the intervention dataset). We conclude that surprisingly little is known of the human neuronal response to ischaemic injury, and that the large impact of methodology on outcome indicates that further model validation is required. Lack of evidence for randomisation, blinding or power analysis suggests that the intervention data is at substantial risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Emma D Eaton
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Taryn E Wills
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 245 Burgundy St, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Sarah K McCann
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ana Antonic
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - David W Howells
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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15
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Milani C, Corsetto PA, Farina F, Botto L, Lonati E, Massimino L, Rizzo AM, Bulbarelli A, Palestini P. Early evidence of stress in immortalized neurons exposed to diesel particles: the role of lipid reshaping behind oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicology 2018; 409:63-72. [PMID: 30055298 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diesel combustion is the major source of fine particle road emission, whose solid fraction is represented by diesel exhaust particles (DEP). Many studies indicate the contribution of DEP to the onset of different neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), identifying oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as two cardinal processes of brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of DEP (10 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml) on the mouse HT22 cells treated for 3 h or 24 h. Our results demonstrated that DEP contributed to an increased oxidative stress, defined by overexpression of HO-1, Hsp70 and Cyp1b1 protein levels. Moreover, an inflammatory-related processes were also observed, as COX-2 and iNOS levels were higher in treated cells when compared to the control. Furthermore, our investigations highlighted the alteration of fatty acid composition, total cholesterol content in cells and media, and of membrane fluidity, suggesting a lipid reshaping after DEP treatment. Finally, we detected APP and BACE1 increase after 24 h of treatment with 50 μg/ml of DEP. Indeed, our results propose a role of acute exposure in the onset of a deleterious mechanism for AD neurodegeneration, even though no differences were observed in p-APP Thr668 levels, BACE1 activity and APP C-terminal fragment beta amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Milani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Farina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele scientific institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Rizzo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bulbarelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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16
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Perfluorooctanesulfonate induces neuroinflammation through the secretion of TNF-α mediated by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Neurotoxicology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Xu X, Han K, Zhu J, Mao H, Lin X, Zhang Z, Cao B, Zeng Y, Mao X. An inhibitor of cholesterol absorption displays anti-myeloma activity by targeting the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75539-75550. [PMID: 27705908 PMCID: PMC5342759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activated JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway is a high risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM), a fatal malignancy of plasma cells. In the present study, SC09, a potential inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, was identified in a STAT3-targeted drug screen. SC09 suppressed the activation of STAT3 in a time-course and concentration-dependent manner but did not affect its family members STAT1 and STAT5. SC09 inhibited STAT3 transcriptional activity and downregulated the expression of STAT3-regulated genes. Further studies showed that SC09 selectively inhibited JAK2 activation but not other kinases including c-Src, ERK, p38 and mTOR that are all associated with STAT3 activation. Moreover, SC09 obviously induced MM cell death in vitro and delayed MM tumor growth in vivo. SC09-induced MM cell death was dependent on the endogenous STAT3 status, and this effect could be attenuated by enforced expression of STAT3. All the results collectively indicated that SC09 blocks the JAK2-STAT3 signaling thus displaying anti-MM activity. Given its well tolerance and anti-MM potency, SC09 is credited for further investigation as a promising drug for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kunkun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongwu Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital East Campus, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Autophagy inhibitors suppress environmental particulate matter-induced airway inflammation. Toxicol Lett 2017; 280:206-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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