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Mood and behavior regulation: interaction of lithium and dopaminergic system. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02437-1. [PMID: 36843130 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is one of the most effect mood-stabilizing drugs prescribed especially for bipolar disorder. Lithium has wide range effects on different molecular factors and neural transmission including dopaminergic signaling. On the other hand, mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic signaling is significantly involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review article aims to study lithium therapeutic mechanisms, dopaminergic signaling, and the interaction of lithium and dopamine. We concluded that acute and chronic lithium treatments often reduce dopamine synthesis and level in the brain. However, some studies have reported conflicting results following lithium treatment, especially chronic treatment. The dosage, duration, and type of lithium administration, and the brain region selected for measuring dopamine level were not significant differences in different chronic treatments used in previous studies. It was suggested that lithium has various mechanisms affecting dopaminergic signaling and mood, and that many molecular factors can be involved, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), β-catenin, protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). Thus, molecular effects of lithium can be the most important mechanisms of lithium that also alter neural transmissions including dopaminergic signaling in mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways.
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Zhou X, Xu X, Lu D, Chen K, Wu Y, Yang X, Xiong W, Chen X, Lan L, Li W, Shen S, He W, Feng X. Repeated early-life exposure to anaesthesia and surgery causes subsequent anxiety-like behaviour and gut microbiota dysbiosis in juvenile rats. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:191-201. [PMID: 36088134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early exposure to general anaesthetics for multiple surgeries or procedures might negatively affect brain development. Recent studies indicate the importance of microbiota in the development of stress-related behaviours. We determined whether repeated anaesthesia and surgery in early life cause gut microbiota dysbiosis and anxiety-like behaviours in rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats received skin incisions under sevoflurane 2.3 vol% three times during the first week of life. After 4 weeks, gut microbiota, anxiety-related behaviours, hippocampal serotonergic activity, and plasma stress hormones were tested. Subsequently, we explored the effect of faecal microbiota transplantation from multiple anaesthesia/surgery exposed rats after administration of a cocktail of antibiotics on anxiety-related behaviours. RESULTS Anxiety-like behaviours were observed in rats with repeated anaesthesia/surgery exposures: In the OF test, multiple anaesthesia/surgery exposures induced a decrease in the time spent in the centre compared to the Control group (P<0.05, t=3.05, df=16, Cohen's d=1.44, effect size=0.58). In the EPM test, rats in Multiple AS group travelled less (P<0.05, t=5.09, df=16, Cohen's d=2.40, effective size=0.77) and spent less time (P<0.05, t=3.58, df=16, Cohen's d=1.69, effect size=0.65) in the open arms when compared to the Control group. Repeated exposure caused severe gut microbiota dysbiosis, with exaggerated stress response (P<0.01, t=4.048, df=16, Cohen's d=-1.91, effect size=-0.69), a significant increase in the hippocampal concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (P<0.05; for 5-HT: t=3.33, df=18, Cohen's d=-1.49, effect size=-0.60; for 5-HIAA: t=3.12, df=18, Cohen's d=-1.40, effect size=-0.57), and changes in gene expression of serotonergic receptors later in life (for Htr1a: P<0.001, t=4.49, df=16, Cohen's d=2.24, effect size=0.75; for Htr2c: P<0.01, t=3.72, df=16, Cohen's d=1.86, effect size=0.68; for Htr6: P<0.001, t=7.76, df=16, Cohen's d=3.88, effect size=0.89). Faecal microbiota transplantation led to similar anxiety-like behaviours and changes in the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by early repeated exposure to anaesthesia and surgery affects long-term anxiety emotion behaviours in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; MGH Centre for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuanxian Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dihan Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Keyu Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liangtian Lan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenda Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- MGH Centre for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Ghanaatfar F, Ghanaatfar A, Isapour P, Farokhi N, Bozorgniahosseini S, Javadi M, Gholami M, Ulloa L, Coleman-Fuller N, Motaghinejad M. Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:4-30. [PMID: 35996185 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti-inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Parisa Isapour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Negin Farokhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Javadi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Neuronal cells from bipolar individuals are more susceptible to glutamate induced apoptosis than cells from non-bipolar subjects. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:568-573. [PMID: 34330053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with marked parenchymal brain loss in a significant fraction of patients. The lack of necrosis in postmortem examination suggests an apoptotic process. Emerging evidence suggests that mood stabilizers, like lithium, have antiapoptotic actions. Glutamatergic abnormalities have been associated with BD. METHODS Olfactory neuroepithelial progenitors (ONPs) harvested by biopsy from type I bipolar patients (BD-ONPs, n = 3) and non-bipolar controls (non-BD-ONPs, n = 6), were treated with glutamate at concentrations sufficient to mimic the observed doubling of intracellular sodium known to occur in both mania and bipolar depression, to investigate potential differential lithium effect on both BD-ONPs and non-BD-ONPs. RESULTS Apoptosis was detected in BP-ONPs exposed to 0.1 M glutamate for 6 h but in non-BD-ONPs at 24 h. Moreover, after treatment with 0.1 M glutamate treated for 6 h the levels of the pro-apoptotic cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP proteins were significantly higher in BD-ONPs compare to non-BD-ONPs. Pretreatment with a therapeutic concentration of 1 mM lithium for 3 days attenuated the glutamate induced apoptosis. Lithium pretreatment 3 days also prevented the DNA fragmentation induced by glutamate, and significantly increased the antiapoptotic phospho-B-Raf and Bcl-2 proteins in BD-ONPs compared to non-BD-ONPs. LIMITATIONS ONPs are obtained from subjects with and without bipolar illness, but outcome of their study may still not reflect the biology of the illness. CONCLUSIONS ONPs derived from BD are more susceptible to glutamate-induced apoptosis. Lithium is associated with a greater increase of anti-apoptotic B-Raf and Bcl-2 expression in BD-ONPs.
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Li T, Huang Z, Wang X, Zou J, Tan S. Role of the GABAA receptors in the long-term cognitive impairments caused by neonatal sevoflurane exposure. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:869-879. [PMID: 31145696 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic in pediatric surgeries, which is considered reasonably safe and reversible upon withdrawal. However, recent preclinical studies suggested that peri-neonatal sevoflurane exposure may cause developmental abnormalities in the brain. The present review aimed to present and discuss the accumulating experimental data regarding the undesirable effects of sevoflurane on brain development as revealed by the laboratory studies. First, we summarized the long-lasting side effects of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on cognitive functions. Subsequently, we presented the structural changes, namely, neuroapoptosis, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, following sevoflurane exposure in the immature brain. Finally, we also discussed the potential mechanisms underlying subsequent cognitive impairments later in life, which are induced by neonatal sevoflurane exposure and pointed out potential strategies for mitigating sevoflurane-induced long-term cognitive impairments. The type A gamma-amino butyric acid (GABAA) receptor, the main targets of sevoflurane, is excitatory rather than inhibitory in the immature neurons. The excitatory effects of the GABAA receptors have been linked to increased neuroapoptosis, elevated serum corticosterone levels and epigenetic modifications following neonatal sevoflurane exposure in rodents, which might contribute to sevoflurane-induced long-term cognitive abnormalities. We proposed that the excitatory GABAA receptor-mediated HPA axis activity might be a novel mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced long-term cognitive impairments. More studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness and mechanisms by targeting the excitatory GABAA receptor as a prevention strategy to alleviate cognitive deficits induced by neonatal sevoflurane exposure in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Grade 2015 of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zeyi Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Grade 2015 of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ju Zou
- Department of Parasitology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sijie Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
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Yu Z, Wang J, Wang H, Wang J, Cui J, Junzhang P. Effects of Sevoflurane Exposure During Late Pregnancy on Brain Development and Beneficial Effects of Enriched Environment on Offspring Cognition. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1339-1352. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liang L, Xie R, Lu R, Ma R, Wang X, Wang F, Liu B, Wu S, Wang Y, Zhang H. Involvement of homodomain interacting protein kinase 2-c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun cascade in the long-term synaptic toxicity and cognition impairment induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure. J Neurochem 2020; 154:372-388. [PMID: 31705656 PMCID: PMC7496229 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is one of the most widely used anesthetics with recent concerns rising about its pediatric application. The synaptic toxicity and mechanisms underlying its long‐term cognition impairment remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and roles of homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), a stress activating kinase involved in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, and its downstream c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/c‐Jun signaling in the long‐term toxicity of neonatal Sevoflurane exposure. Our data showed that neonatal Sevoflurane exposure results in impairment of memory, enhancement of anxiety, less number of excitatory synapses and lower levels of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus of adult rats without significant changes of hippocampal neuron numbers. Up‐regulation of HIPK2 and JNK/c‐Jun was observed in hippocampal granular neurons shortly after Sevoflurane exposure and persisted to adult. 5‐((6‐Oxo‐5‐(6‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1,6‐dihydropyridin‐3‐yl)methylene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione trifluoroacetate, antagonist of HIPK2, could significantly rescue the cognition impairment, decrease in long‐term potentiation, reduction in spine density and activation of JNK/c‐Jun induced by Sevoflurane. JNK antagonist SP600125 partially restored synapse development and cognitive function without affecting the expression of HIPK2. These data, in together, revealed a novel role of HIPK2‐JNK/c‐Jun signaling in the long‐term synaptic toxicity and cognition impairment of neonatal Sevoflurane exposure, indicating HIPK2‐JNK/c‐Jun cascade as a potential target for reducing the synaptic toxicity of Sevoflurane. ![]()
Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Rougang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Rui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research, Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anethesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Wang Y, An X, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang J, Yang Z. Lithium chloride ameliorates cognition dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in rats. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 10:251-258. [PMID: 31867790 PMCID: PMC6996326 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a common complication in elderly patients after surgeries involving anesthesia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Lithium is a conventional treatment for bipolar disorder, which exerts a neuroprotective role in various diseases by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) in the brain and spinal cord. However, it is not known whether lithium chloride (LiCl) can protect against cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane (SEV) anesthesia. Here, we examined the effects of LiCl on SEV‐induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and on SEV‐induced neuron apoptosis. We report that anesthesia with SEV significantly impaired memory performance, induced oxidative stress and hippocampal neuron apoptosis, and stimulated GSK‐3β activity. Treatment with LiCl ameliorated SEV‐induced cognitive disorder in rats by inhibiting the GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway. In addition, LiCl reduced hippocampal neuron apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by SEV anesthesia. These results suggest that LiCl may have potential for development into a therapeutic agent for treatment of SEV anesthesia‐induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, China
| | - Xiaohu An
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, China
| | - Zeyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, China
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Bannova AV, Menshanov PN, Dygalo NN. The Effect of Lithium Chloride on the Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Neonatal Brain. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Carvajal FJ, Mira RG, Rovegno M, Minniti AN, Cerpa W. Age-related NMDA signaling alterations in SOD2 deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2010-2020. [PMID: 29577983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress affects the survival and function of neurons. Hence, they have a complex and highly regulated machinery to handle oxidative changes. The dysregulation of this antioxidant machinery is associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Therefore, we evaluated signaling alterations, synaptic properties and behavioral performance in 2 and 6-month-old heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase knockout mice (SOD2+/- mice). We found that their low antioxidant capacity generated direct oxidative damage in proteins, lipids, and DNA. However, only 6-month-old heterozygous knockout mice presented behavioral impairments. On the other hand, synaptic plasticity, synaptic strength and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dependent postsynaptic potentials were decreased in an age-dependent manner. We also analyzed the phosphorylation state of the NMDAR subunit GluN2B. We found that while the levels of GluN2B phosphorylated on tyrosine 1472 (synaptic form) remain unchanged, we detected increased levels of GluN2B phosphorylated on tyrosine 1336 (extrasynaptic form), establishing alterations in the synaptic/extrasynaptic ratio of GluN2B. Additionally, we found increased levels of two phosphatases associated with dephosphorylation of p-1472: striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome Ten (PTEN). Moreover, we found decreased levels of p-CREB, a master transcription factor activated by synaptic stimulation. In summary, we describe mechanisms by which glutamatergic synapses are altered under oxidative stress conditions. Our results uncovered new putative therapeutic targets for conditions where NMDAR downstream signaling is altered. This work also contributes to our understanding of processes such as synapse formation, learning, and memory in neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Rovegno
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia N Minniti
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Lin EP, Lee JR, Lee CS, Deng M, Loepke AW. Do anesthetics harm the developing human brain? An integrative analysis of animal and human studies. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 60:117-128. [PMID: 27793659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics that permit surgical procedures and stressful interventions have been found to cause structural brain abnormalities and functional impairment in immature animals, generating extensive concerns among clinicians, parents, and government regulators regarding the safe use of these drugs in young children. Critically important questions remain, such as the exact age at which the developing brain is most vulnerable to the effects of anesthetic exposure, whether a particular age exists beyond which anesthetics are devoid of long-term effects on the brain, and whether any specific exposure duration exists that does not lead to deleterious effects. Accordingly, the present analysis attempts to put the growing body of animal studies, which we identified to include >440 laboratory studies to date, into a translational context, by integrating the preclinical data on brain structure and function with clinical results attained from human neurocognitive studies, which currently exceed 30 studies. Our analysis demonstrated no clear exposure duration threshold below which no structural injury or subsequent cognitive abnormalities occurred. Animal data did not clearly identify a specific age beyond which anesthetic exposure did not cause any structural or functional abnormalities. Several potential mitigating strategies were found, however, no general anesthetic was identified that consistently lacked neurodegenerative properties and could be recommended over other anesthetics. It therefore is imperative, to expand efforts to devise safer anesthetic techniques and mitigating strategies, even before long-term alterations in brain development are unequivocally confirmed to occur in millions of young children undergoing anesthesia every year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jeong-Rim Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher S Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andreas W Loepke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
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