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Badshah I, Anwar M, Murtaza B, Khan MI. Molecular mechanisms of morphine tolerance and dependence; novel insights and future perspectives. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1457-1485. [PMID: 37470850 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a devastating condition that poses a serious burden on the society. The use of some drugs like morphine for their tremendous analgesic properties is also accompanied with developing tolerance, dependence and the withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms are frequently severe enough to reinforce the person in recovery to start over the use of drug again and hinder the clinical use of drugs like morphine for chronic pain. Research into opioid receptors and related molecular pathways has seen resurgence in the wake of the growing opioid epidemic. The current study provides a comprehensive scientific exploration of the molecular mechanisms and underlying signalling in morphine tolerance and dependence. It also critically evaluates current therapeutic approaches, shedding light on their efficacy and limitations, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Badshah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G-7/4 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maira Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G-7/4 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Murtaza
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G-7/4 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Chen W, Zhou X, Meng M, Pan X, Huang L, Chen C. Hyperbaric oxygen improves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via inhibition of ferroptosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107395. [PMID: 37839303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study found that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) attenuated cognitive impairment in mice induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to establish a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, explore the possible role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of CIRI, and observe the effect of HBO on ferroptosis-mediated CIRI. METHODS Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, model, Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), HBO and Fer-1+ HBO groups. Morris water maze, myelin basic protein (MBP) and β-tubulin immunoreactivity were assessed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of HBO on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Ferroptosis were examined to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of HBO. RESULTS Our result showed that Fer-1 and HBO improved learning and memory ability in the navigation trail and probe trail of the Morris water maze and increased MBP and β-tubulin immunoreactivity of the cortex in the model rats. The levels of ferritin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum were also reversed by Fer-1 and HBO treatment. Mitochondrial cristae dissolution and vacuolization were observed in the model group by transmission electron microscopy and these conditions were improved in the Fer-1 and HBO groups. Furthermore, Fer-1 and HBO treatment reversed Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2), Iron Responsive Element Binding Protein 2 (IREB2), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11) mRNA levels and Transferrin Receptor 1 (TFR1), ferritin light chain (FTL), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) phosphorylated Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (P-ERK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) protein levels. The above changes were more pronounced in Fer-1+ HBOGroup. DISCUSSION The results of the present study indicated that HBO improves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, which may be related to inhibition of ferroptosis. This also means that ferroptosis may become a new target of HBO against CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Mingyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Luying Huang
- Department of Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China.
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Wilson M, Bindler RJ, Stanek K, Layton ME, Quock RM. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Pain, Opioid Withdrawal, and Related Symptoms: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Manag Nurs 2022; 23:616-624. [PMID: 35393218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain, drug cravings, and opioid withdrawal symptoms can interfere with substance use disorder or opioid tapering treatment goals. AIM This pilot study investigated the feasibility of a protocol designed to test opioid withdrawal symptom relief relative to a sham condition after two consecutive days of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for adults prescribed daily methadone for opioid use disorder. METHOD Using a double-blind protocol, eight adults were randomized to receive either a full 90-minute HBOT dose in a pressurized chamber with 100% oxygen at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) or a sham condition receiving 21% oxygen (equivalent to room air within the chamber) at a minimal pressure of ≤1.3 ATA. Measures included study retention, treatment satisfaction, and pre- and post-intervention effects for opioid withdrawal symptoms, drug cravings, pain intensity and interference, sleep quality, and mood. RESULTS Study retention and treatment satisfaction was high. All measurements improved more, on average, for participants receiving full-dose HBOT treatment than among participants receiving sham treatments except for clinically observed withdrawal symptoms. The largest positive effects were observed in measurements of pain intensity and drug craving. CONCLUSIONS These pilot results provide evidence to support a fully powered study of HBOT as a potential treatment adjunct for adults receiving methadone for opioid use disorder. Trends towards symptom improvements were detected from pre- to post-HBOT in the full treatment arm versus sham condition. More research into novel non-pharmacologic options to relieve distressing symptoms related to pain and opioid use disorder is essential to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Wilson
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; Program of Excellence in Addictions Research, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
| | - Ross J Bindler
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
| | - Karen Stanek
- Spokane Hyperbaric Center, Spokane Valley, Washington
| | - Matthew E Layton
- Program of Excellence in Addictions Research, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Raymond M Quock
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Sugino S, Konno D, Abe J, Imamura-Kawasawa Y, Kido K, Suzuki J, Endo Y, Yamauchi M. Crucial involvement of catecholamine neurotransmission in postoperative nausea and vomiting: Whole-transcriptome profiling in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12759. [PMID: 34114352 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the involvement of the catecholamine system in the brain have not been elucidated. Eating kaolin clay as a type of pica has been examined as an alternative behavior to emesis. Here, we evaluated changes in whole-transcriptome analysis in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in a rat pica model as a surrogate behavior of PONV to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of PONV and the involvement of the catecholamine system in the NTS. First, kaolin pica behaviors were investigated in 71 female Wistar rats following isoflurane anesthesia, surgical insult or morphine administration. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 3 mg/kg morphine increased kaolin intake by 2.8 g (P = 0.0002). Next, total RNA and protein were extracted from the dissected NTS, and whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify PONV-associated genes and to verify the involvement of the catecholamine system. The gene expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway decreased significantly in the PONV model. Release of noradrenaline, a catecholamine pathway end product, may have increased at the synaptic terminal of the NTS neuron after pica behavior. Systematic administration of α2 adrenergic receptor agonists after surgery reduced kaolin intake from 3.2 g (control) to 1.0 g (P = 0.0014). These results indicated that catecholamine neurotransmission was involved in the development of PONV in the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Sugino
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Konno
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Abe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Imamura-Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kanta Kido
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-first consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2018 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (2), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (3) and humans (4), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (5), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (6), stress and social status (7), learning and memory (8), eating and drinking (9), drug abuse and alcohol (10), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (11), mental illness and mood (12), seizures and neurologic disorders (13), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (14), general activity and locomotion (15), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (16), cardiovascular responses (17), respiration and thermoregulation (18), and immunological responses (19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Chen W, Lv L, Nong Z, Chen X, Pan X, Chen C. Hyperbaric oxygen protects against myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury through inhibiting mitochondria dysfunction and autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4254-4264. [PMID: 32901878 PMCID: PMC7533464 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) improves heart function predominantly through reducing oxygen stress, modulating energy metabolism and inhibiting cell apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of HBO on mitochondrial function and autophagy using rats with a ligated left anterior descending artery. The cardioprotective effects of HBO were mainly evaluated using ELISA, fluorescent probes, transmission electron microscopy and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). HBO pretreatment for 14 days (once a day) using a 0.25 MPa chamber improved mitochondrial morphology and decreased the number of autophagic vesicles, as observed using a transmission electron microscope. HBO pretreatment significantly increased the levels of ATP, ADP, energy charge and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, but decreased the levels of AMP, cytochrome c and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, HBO pretreatment significantly increased the gene or protein expression levels of eIF4E-binding protein 1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitochondrial DNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2, whereas it decreased the gene or protein expression levels of autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), cytochrome c, dynamin-related protein 1 and p53, as determined using RT-qPCR or immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, HBO treatment was observed to protect cardiomyocytes during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting autophagy. Thus, these results provide novel evidence to support the use of HBO as a potential agent for the mitigation of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Lv
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Chen C, Chen W, Nong Z, Nie Y, Chen X, Pan X, Guo Y, Yao M, Deng W. Hyperbaric oxygen alleviated cognitive impairments in mice induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of autophagy. Life Sci 2019; 241:117170. [PMID: 31838137 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on a model of repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR). MAIN METHODS Eighty rats were randomly separated into sham, vehicle, hyperbaric air (HBA; 0.25 MPa, 60 min), and HBO (0.25 MPa, 60 min) groups. Repeated cerebral IR was induced by ligating the right and left bilateral common carotid arteries for 10 min and then allowing reperfusion for 10 min. This pattern was repeated three times. The neuroprotective effects of HBO were assessed by animal behavior, neuron morphology, inflammatory markers, intracellular calcium ion content, and autophagy-related protein and gene expression. KEY FINDINGS Our result showed that HBO improved learning and memory in the navigation trail and probe trail of the Morris water maze, and these findings were supported by the observation data from 2,3,5-Triphenyltet-razolium chloride staining, Nissl staining, and electron microscopic. Importantly, we found that HBO reduced excessive autophagy in the prefrontal cortex, which was evidenced by activating of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and 4E-BP1, as well as suppression of LC3II and ATG5. Moreover, HBO significantly inhibited the cerebral IR-induced inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, HBO treatment modulated autophagy pathway-related factors, including producing a decrease in the intracellular calcium ion concentration and p53 level; meanwhile, the levels of BDNF and p-Akt were increased. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that HBO protected against IR-induced neuron injury by attenuating autophagy, inflammation, and calcium overload. These results provide a new mechanism and laboratory evidence for clinical treatment of VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Wan Chen
- Department of Emergency, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Meicun Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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Chen W, Liang X, Nong Z, Li Y, Pan X, Chen C, Huang L. The Multiple Applications and Possible Mechanisms of the Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy. Med Chem 2018; 15:459-471. [PMID: 30569869 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666181219101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy (HBOT) is used as an adjunctive method for multiple diseases. The method meets the routine treating and is non-invasive, as well as provides 100% pure oxygen (O2), which is at above-normal atmospheric pressure in a specialized chamber. It is well known that in the condition of O2 deficiency, it will induce a series of adverse events. In order to prevent the injury induced by anoxia, the capability of offering pressurized O2 by HBOT seems involuntary and significant. In recent years, HBOT displays particular therapeutic efficacy in some degree, and it is thought to be beneficial to the conditions of angiogenesis, tissue ischemia and hypoxia, nerve system disease, diabetic complications, malignancies, Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and chronic radiation-induced injury. Single and combination HBOT are both applied in previous studies, and the manuscript is to review the current applications and possible mechanisms of HBOT. The applicability and validity of HBOT for clinical treatment remain controversial, even though it is regarded as an adjunct to conventional medical treatment with many other clinical benefits. There also exists a negative side effect of accepting pressurized O2, such as oxidative stress injury, DNA damage, cellular metabolic, activating of coagulation, endothelial dysfunction, acute neurotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity. Then it is imperative to comprehensively consider the advantages and disadvantages of HBOT in order to obtain a satisfying therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- Department of Emergency, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xingmei Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Yaoxuan Li
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric oxygen, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric oxygen, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Luying Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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Chen C, Nong Z, Liang X, Meng M, Xuan F, Xie Q, He J, Huang R. Effect of Yulangsan Polysaccharide on the Reinstatement of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:918-929. [PMID: 29455417 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSP), which was isolated from the root of Millettia pulchra Kurz, attenuates withdrawal symptoms of morphine dependence by regulating the nitric oxide pathway and modulating monoaminergic neurotransmitters. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of YLSP on the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. A CPP procedure was employed to assess the behavior of rats, and indicators of serum and four brain regions (nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) were determined to explore its underlying mechanism. YLSP inhibited priming morphine-induced reinstatement of CPP in a dose-dependent manner. YLSP markedly reduced nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase levels in the brain. Moreover, YLSP significantly decreased the dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the serum and brain. Furthermore, YLSP significantly decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations, inhibited the expression of dopamine D1 receptors and cAMP response element binding protein mRNA, and improved the expression of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in the four brain regions. Our findings indicated that YLSP could inhibit the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP possibly by modulating the NO-cGMP and D1R-cAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuqiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui He
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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