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Li L, Shi C, Dong F, Xu G, Lei M, Zhang F. Targeting pyroptosis to treat ischemic stroke: From molecular pathways to treatment strategy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112168. [PMID: 38688133 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the primary reason for human disability and death, but the available treatment options are limited. Hence, it is imperative to explore novel and efficient therapies. In recent years, pyroptosis (a pro-inflammatory cell death characterized by inflammation) has emerged as an important pathological mechanism in ischemic stroke that can cause cell death through plasma membrane rupture and release of inflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis is closely associated with inflammation, which exacerbates the inflammatory response in ischemic stroke. The level of inflammasomes, GSDMD, Caspases, and inflammatory factors is increased after ischemic stroke, exacerbating brain injury by mediating pyroptosis. Hence, inhibition of pyroptosis can be a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between pyroptosis and ischemic stroke, as well as a series of treatments to attenuate pyroptosis, intending to provide insights for new therapeutic targets on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Chonglin Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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Yu S, Qian H, Tian D, Yang M, Li D, Xu H, Chen J, Yang J, Hao X, Liu Z, Zhong J, Yang H, Chen X, Min X, Chen J. Linggui Zhugan Decoction activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway to improve mitochondrial and oxidative damage in rats with chronic heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1074837. [PMID: 37089931 PMCID: PMC10113531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1074837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of Linggui Zhugan Decoction on mitochondrial and oxidative damage in rats with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction and the related mechanisms. Methods: Chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction was established by coronary artery ligation. Heart failure rats were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n = 11), Linggui Zhugan Decoction group (n = 12), and captopril group (n = 11). Rats whose coronary arteries were only threaded and not ligated were sham group (n = 11). Cardiac function, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, soluble growth-stimulating expression factor (ST2), and N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NTproBNP) levels were analyzed after treatment. Moreover, the level of mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining, the ultrastructural of myocardial mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The related signal pathway of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), adenylate activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated adenylate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is an important pathway to regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism, and to initiate mitochondrial biogenesis. The expression level was detected by Western blot and reverse transcription to explore the mechanism of the decoction. Results: Compared with the model rats, Linggui Zhugan Decoction significantly improved cardiac function (p < 0.05), reduced MDA production (p < 0.01), increased SOD activity (p < 0.05), reduced ST-2(p < 0.01), and NT-proBNP(p < 0.05) levels, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and improved mitochondria function. In addition, Linggui Zhugan Decoction upregulated the expression of SIRT1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α protein, and mRNA in cardiac myocytes. Conclusion: Linggui Zhugan Decoction can improve the cardiac function of heart failure rats by enhancing myocardial antioxidant capacity and protecting the mitochondrial function, the mechanism is related to activating SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingning Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinlong Chen
- Yunxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlong Chen, ; Xinwen Min, ; Jun Chen,
| | - Xinwen Min
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlong Chen, ; Xinwen Min, ; Jun Chen,
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlong Chen, ; Xinwen Min, ; Jun Chen,
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Huang P, Wan H, Shao C, Li C, Zhang L, He Y. Recent Advances in Chinese Herbal Medicine for Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:688596. [PMID: 35111041 PMCID: PMC8801784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a critical factor that leads to a poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. It is an extremely complicated pathological process that is clinically characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Current available treatments for CI/RI, including mechanical and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CI/RI. Many studies confirm that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used as a potential drug for treatment of CI/RI with the advantages of abundant resources, good efficacy, and few side effects. In this paper, we investigate the latest drug discoveries and advancements on CI/RI, make an overview of relevant CHM, and systematically summarize the pathophysiology of CI/RI. In addition, the protective effect and mechanism of related CHM, which includes extraction of single CHM and CHM formulation and preparation, are discussed. Moreover, an outline of the limitations of CHM and the challenges we faced are also presented. This review will be helpful for researchers further propelling the advancement of drugs and supplying more knowledge to support the application of previous discoveries in clinical drug applications against CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Luo X, Zeng H, Fang C, Zhang BH. N-acetylserotonin Derivative Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway in the Model of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:337-348. [PMID: 33222058 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main causes of neonatal disability and death. As a derivative of N-acetylserotonin, N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC) can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and have a long half-life in the brain. In this study, the hypothesis was verified that HIOC plays a neuroprotective role in the HIE model and its potential mechanism was evaluated. Firstly, an HIE rat model was established to deliver HIOC, revealing that it can reduce cerebral infarction volume, cerebral edema, and neuronal apoptosis. The results of immunofluorescence staining, Western blots and RT-PCR further showed that HIOC could inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of related proteins. Finally, the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway by HIOC was verified in vitro and in vivo. It was discovered that HIOC could increase the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and that this induction can be reversed by the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002. In general terms, the neuroprotective effect of HIOC was confirmed in the HIE model, which is related to the activation of the Pi3k/Akt/Nrf2 signal pathway and the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ziyang Road Wuchang District, No. 99 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Honglan Zeng
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ziyang Road Wuchang District, No. 99 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chengzhi Fang
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ziyang Road Wuchang District, No. 99 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bing-Hong Zhang
- Departments of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ziyang Road Wuchang District, No. 99 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Chen Z. Astragaloside iv inhibits salmonella-induced meningitis via modulation of bacterial virulence and host response. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_55_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Activation of Nrf2 by Natural Bioactive Compounds: A Promising Approach for Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144875. [PMID: 32664226 PMCID: PMC7402299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathological subtypes of stroke are ischemic stroke, the most frequent, and hemorrhagic stroke. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates redox homeostasis. In stress conditions, Nrf2 translocates inside the nucleus and induces the transcription of enzymes involved in counteracting oxidative stress, endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, regulators of inflammation, and others. Different natural compounds, including food and plant-derived components, were shown to be able to activate Nrf2, mediating an antioxidant response. Some of these compounds were tested in stroke experimental models showing several beneficial actions. In this review, we focused on the studies that evidenced the positive effects of natural bioactive compounds in stroke experimental models through the activation of Nrf2 pathway. Interestingly, different natural compounds can activate Nrf2 through multiple pathways, inducing a strong antioxidant response associated with the beneficial effects against stroke. According to several studies, the combination of different bioactive compounds can lead to a better neuroprotection. In conclusion, natural bioactive compounds may represent new therapeutic strategies against stroke.
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Ma T, Shi YL, Wang YL. Forsythiaside A protects against focal cerebral ischemic injury by mediating the activation of the Nrf2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1313-1320. [PMID: 31173213 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common type of stroke with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Preventing and controlling cerebral ischemic injury is particularly important. Forsythiaside A (FA) has been reported to have anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of FA on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‑induced cerebral ischemic injury in rats. The results indicated that FA markedly increased the percent survival and decreased the neurological deficit score in rats with cerebral ischemic injury. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was significantly inhibited by FA administration, which was accompanied by decreased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 expression. A marked increase in the expression levels of nuclear factor‑erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione‑s‑transferase was detected in FA‑treated rats. In addition, treatment with FA reduced malonaldehyde expression, and enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was vastly alleviated by FA treatment, as evidenced by the increased expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2, apoptosis regulator and the downregulated expression of phosphorylated (phospho)‑protein kinase RNA‑like ER kinase (PERK)/PERK, phospho‑inositol‑requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α)/IRE1α and CCAAT‑enhancer‑binding proteins homologous protein. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that FA attenuated cerebral ischemic damage via mediation of the activation of Nrf2 and ER stress pathways. These data may provide ideas for novel treatment strategies of cerebral ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xintai Municipal People's Hospital, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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Xie YZ, Zhang XJ, Zhang C, Yang Y, He JN, Chen YX. Protective effects of leonurine against ischemic stroke in mice by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1006-1017. [PMID: 31087454 PMCID: PMC6698971 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Leonurine has been shown to trigger antioxidant responses during ischemic stroke, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) imparts protective effects against oxidative injury. The present study has determined that leonurine prevents ischemic injury of brain tissues via Nrf‐2 pathway activation. Methods Male ICR mice and Nrf‐2−/− mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and received leonurine treatment at 2 hours after pMCAO by intraperitoneal injection. Neurological deficit scores as well as infarct volume were assessed to determine the neuroprotective role of leonurine. Nrf‐2 was investigated using Western blotting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of leonurine. Commercial kits were employed to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), malonaldehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated by Western blotting and RT‐PCR analysis, and VEGF was localized using immunofluorescence. Results The application of leonurine on ICR mice resulted in an improvement in neurological deficit scores and a reduction in infarct volume. Leonurine upregulated nuclear Nrf‐2 protein and increased total Nrf‐2 protein expression and mRNA levels. Leonurine regulated SOD, MDA, CAT, GSH, and GSH‐Px, and it significantly inhibited ROS production in ICR mice. Leonurine improved VEGF expression and increased VEGF expression in neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells. However, leonurine had no obvious beneficial effects on Nrf‐2−/− mice. Conclusions Leonurine exerted neuroprotective effects, promoted antioxidant responses, and upregulated VEGF expression by activating the Nrf‐2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhao Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun-Na He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Xia Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wang J, Guo HM. Astragaloside IV ameliorates high glucose-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4409-4416. [PMID: 31086575 PMCID: PMC6489012 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the major cause of end-stage renal disease increasing the mortality risk of diabetes. Research has demonstrated that the oxidative damage and apoptosis of renal tubular cells is present during DN. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been widely used for the treatment of many diseases, however, the role and mechanism by which AS-IV may ameliorate high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress of the human proximal tubular cell line HK-2 remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of AS-IV on high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells. Cell viability, apoptosis and protein expression were detected by Trypan blue staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate nick-end labelling, flow cytometry and western blot analyses. In addition, enzymatic activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxide (LPO), were measured with the corresponding detection kits. DCFH-DA assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to evaluate protein and mRNA expressions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway. The results demonstrated that AS-IV significantly enhanced HK-2 cell viability induced by high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AS-IV notably inhibited HK-2 cell apoptosis stimulated by high glucose, which may be associated with inhibition of BCL2 associated X protein, Cleaved-caspase-3 and Cleaved-caspase-9, expression and the promotion of Bcl-2. AS-IV significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and decreased the high-glucose-induced ROS production in HK-2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, it was determined that AS-IV regulated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of liver-type fatty acid binding protein. In conclusion, these findings may provide evidence that AS-IV has a potential role for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of First Clinical Medical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Min Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Liu L, Locascio LM, Doré S. Critical Role of Nrf2 in Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:153. [PMID: 30890934 PMCID: PMC6411824 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide; however, effective clinical approaches are still limited. The transcriptional factor Nrf2 is a master regulator in cellular and organismal defense against endogenous and exogenous stressors by coordinating basal and stress-inducible activation of multiple cytoprotective genes. The Nrf2 network not only tightly controls redox homeostasis but also regulates multiple intermediary metabolic processes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of CNS diseases including stroke. Here, the current understanding of the Nrf2 regulatory network is critically examined to present evidence for the contribution of Nrf2 pathway in rodent ischemic stroke models. This review outlines the literature for Nrf2 studies in preclinical stroke and focuses on the in vivo evidence for the role of Nrf2 in primary and secondary brain injuries. The dynamic change and functional importance of Nrf2 signaling, as well as Nrf2 targeted intervention, are revealed in permanent, transient, and global cerebral ischemia models. In addition, key considerations, pitfalls, and future potentials for Nrf2 studies in preclinical stroke investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Logan M Locascio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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