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Zhong T, Lin Y, Zhuge R, Lin Y, Huang B, Zeng R. Reviewing the mechanism of propofol addiction. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2174708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Lin
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruohuai Zhuge
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Lin
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingwu Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu XN, Li J, Qiu GL, Wang L, Lu C, Guo YG, Yang KX, Cai F, Xu T, Yuan TF, Hu J. Propofol exerts anti-anhedonia effects via inhibiting the dopamine transporter. Neuron 2023; 111:1626-1636.e6. [PMID: 36917979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Lasker's award-winning drug propofol is widely used in general anesthesia. The recreational use of propofol is reported to produce a well-rested feeling and euphoric state; yet, the neural mechanisms underlying such pleasant effects remain unelucidated. Here, we report that propofol actively and directly binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT), but not the serotonin transporter (SERT), which contributes to the rapid relief of anhedonia. Then, we predict the binding mode of propofol by molecular docking and mutation of critical binding residues on the DAT. Fiber photometry recording on awake freely moving mice and [18F] FP-CIT-PET scanning further establishes that propofol administration evokes rapid and lasting dopamine accumulation in nucleus accumbens (NAc). The enhanced dopaminergic tone drives biased activation of dopamine-receptor-1-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in NAc and reverses anhedonia in chronically stressed animals. Collectively, these findings suggest the therapeutic potential of propofol against anhedonia, which warrants future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Gao-Lin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chen Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi-Ge Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fang Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Involvement of the ERK signaling pathways in the NAc in propofol-seeking behavior induced by cues in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173447. [PMID: 35970339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Propofol, an intravenous short-acting anesthetic, has the potential to induce craving and relapse. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays an essential role in drug reward and relapse. In the previous study, we demonstrated that the ERK signaling pathways in the Nucleus accumbens (NAc) were involved in propofol reward. However, the role of the ERK signaling pathways in propofol relapse is still unknown. We first trained rats to self-administer propofol for 14 days, then evaluated propofol-seeking behavior of relapse induced by a contextual cues and conditioned cues after 14-day withdrawal. Meanwhile, MEK inhibitor U0126 was used to investigate the role of the ERK signal pathways in propofol-seeking behavior induced by contextual cues and conditioned cues. Results showed that the number of active nose-poke responses in propofol-seeking behavior induced by conditioned cues was much higher compared to contextual cues. U0126 (5.0 μg/side, Lateral Ventricle (LV)) pretreatment significantly decreased the active responses induced by conditioned cues, which was associated with a large decline in the expression of p-ERK in the NAc. Moreover, microinjectionofU0126 (2.0 μg/side) in the NAc also attenuated the active responses of propofol-seeking behavior. Additionally, microinjections with U0126 in the LV (5.0 μg/side) or NAc (2.0 μg/side) both failed to alter sucrose self-administration or locomotor activity of rats. Therefore, we conclude that ERK phosphorylation in the NAc maybe involved in propofol relapse.
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Grimm JW, North K, Hopkins M, Jiganti K, McCoy A, Šulc J, MacDougall D, Sauter F. Sex differences in sucrose reinforcement in Long-Evans rats. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 35016712 PMCID: PMC8753819 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are sex differences in addiction behaviors. To develop a pre-clinical animal model to investigate this, the present study examined sex differences in sucrose taking and seeking using Long-Evans rats. Methods Five experiments were conducted using separate groups of subjects. The first two examined sucrose or saccharin preference in two-bottle home cage choice tests. Experiment three assessed sucrose intake in a binge model with sucrose available in home cage bottles. Experiments four and five utilized operant-based procedures. In experiment four rats responded for sucrose on fixed and progressive ratio (FR, PR) schedules of reinforcement over a range of concentrations of sucrose. A final component of experiment four was measuring seeking in the absence of sucrose challenged with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. Experiment five assessed responding for water on FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Results When accounting for body weight, female rats consumed more sucrose than water; but there was no sex difference in saccharin preference over a range of saccharin concentrations. When accounting for body weight, females consumed more sucrose than males in the binge model, and only females increased binge intake over 14 days of the study. Females responded at higher rates for sucrose under both FR and PR schedules of reinforcement. Females responded at higher rates in extinction (seeking); SCH23390 reduced sucrose seeking of both females and males. Females responded at higher rates for water on FR and PR schedules than males, although rates of responding were low and decreased over sessions. Conclusions Across bottle-choice, binge intake, and operant procedures, female Long-Evans rats consumed more sucrose and responded at higher rates for sucrose. Although females also responded more for water, the vigor of responding did not explain the consistent sex difference in sucrose taking and seeking. The sex difference in sucrose taking was also not explained by sweet preference, as there was no sex difference in saccharin preference. These data provide a pre-clinical model to further evaluate sex differences in addiction behaviors and manipulations designed to reduce them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00412-8.
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Dong Z, Huang B, Jiang C, Chen J, Lin H, Lian Q, Wu B. The Adenosine A2A Receptor Activation in Nucleus Accumbens Suppress Cue-Induced Reinstatement of Propofol Self-administration in Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1081-1091. [PMID: 33616808 PMCID: PMC8053194 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Propofol has shown strong addictive properties in rats and humans. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulate dopamine signal and addictive behaviors such as cocaine- and amphetamine-induced self-administration. However, whether A2AR can modulate propofol addiction remains unknown. AAV-shA2AR was intra-NAc injected 3 weeks before the propofol self-administration training to test the impacts of NAc A2AR on establishing the self-administration model with fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule. Thereafter, the rats were withdrawal from propofol for 14 days and tested cue-induced reinstatement of propofol seeking behavior on day 15. The propofol withdrawal rats received one of the doses of CGS21680 (A2AR agonist, 2.5-10.0 ng/site), MSX-3 (A2AR antagonist, 5.0-20.0 μg/site) or eticlopride (D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist, 0.75-3.0 μg/site) or vehicle via intra-NAc injection before relapse behavior test. The numbers of active and inactive nose-poke response were recorded. Focal knockdown A2AR by shA2AR did not affect the acquisition of propofol self-administration behavior, but enhance cue-induced reinstatement of propofol self-administration compared with the AAV-shCTRLgroup. Pharmacological activation of the A2AR by CGS21680 (≥ 5.0 ng/site) attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of propofol self-administration behavior. Similarly, pharmacological blockade of D2R by eticlopride (0.75-3.0 μg/site) attenuated propofol seeking behavior. These effects were reversed by the administration of MSX-3 (5.0-20.0 μg/site). The A2AR- and D2R-mediated effects on propofol relapse were not confounded by the learning process, and motor activity as the sucrose self-administration and locomotor activity were not affected by all the treatments. This study provides genetic and pharmacological evidence that NAc A2AR activation suppresses cue-induced propofol relapse in rats, possibly by interacting with D2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingwu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchen Jiang
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Uskur T, Şenöz AÖ, Çevreli B, Barlas A, Uzbay T. Propofol but not dexmedetomidine produce locomotor sensitization via nitric oxide in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:569-577. [PMID: 33169201 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The abused potential of some anesthetics has been debated. Measurement of locomotor sensitization is a better way to detect the neurobehavioral plasticity of addiction. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to explore whether propofol and dexmedetomidine are capable of inducing locomotor sensitization. METHODS Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were the subjects (n = 8 for each group). Propofol (20 and 40 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (2.5-20 μg/kg) or saline were injected to rats intraperitoneally (IP), and their locomotor activities were recorded for 15 min. Consequently, L-NAME (30 and 60 mg/kg)-a nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory agent-was injected to rats 30 min before propofol (40 mg/kg) or saline injections, and the locomotor activity was recorded. The process was carried out for 13 days, with 7 sessions applied every other day. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine did not produce any significant locomotor sensitization. While propofol (20 mg/kg) produced a significant locomotor sensitization in the last treatment session (day 13), at the higher dose, it prompted a significant locomotor sensitization from the 3rd treatment session. L-NAME blocked propofol-induced locomotor hyperactivity and sensitization significantly without producing any noteworthy changes on the locomotor activity during the testing period of 13 days when administered alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that propofol but not dexmedetomidine produced a significant locomotor sensitization via central nitrergic system. Dexmedetomidine may have a lesser psychostimulant type addictive potential than propofol. Sensitization development by propofol implies that this drug might be effective on the neuroadaptive processes associated with a stimulant type of dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Uskur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özçetin Şenöz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydın Barlas
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Altınbaş University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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Xie L, Hu Y, Yan D, McQuillan P, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Hu Z. The relationship between exposure to general anesthetic agents and the risk of developing an impulse control disorder. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105440. [PMID: 33493656 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most studies examining the effect of extended exposure to general anesthetic agents (GAAs) have demonstrated that extended exposure induces both structural and functional changes in the central nervous system. These changes are frequently accompanied by neurobehavioral changes that include impulse control disorders that are generally characterized by deficits in behavioral inhibition and executive function. In this review, we will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dandan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - P McQuillan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Centre, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhirui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Children Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Children Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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