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Belali R, Mard SA, Khoshnam SE, Bavarsad K, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Anandamide Attenuates Neurobehavioral Deficits and EEG Irregularities in the Chronic Sleep Deprivation Rats: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1541-1555. [PMID: 37966567 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation increases stress, anxiety, and depression by altering the endocannabinoid system's function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in the chronic sleep deprivation (SD) model in rats. Adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into three groups: control + vehicle (Control), chronic sleep deprivation + vehicle (SD), and chronic sleep deprivation + 20 mg/kg AEA (SD + A). The rats were kept in a sleep deprivation device for 18 h (7 to 1 a.m.) daily for 21 days. Open-field (OFT), elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests (FST) were used to assess anxiety and depression-like behavior. As well as the cortical EEG, CB1R mRNA expression, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 levels, and antioxidant activity in the brain were examined following SD induction. AEA administration significantly increased the time spent (p < 0.01), the distance traveled in the central zone (p < 0.001), and the number of climbing (p < 0.05) in the OFT; it also increased the duration and number of entries into the open arms (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively), and did not reduce immobility time in the FST (p > 0.05), AEA increased CB1R mRNA expression in the anterior and medial parts of the brain (p < 0.01), and IL-4 levels (p < 0.05). AEA also reduced IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05) and modulated cortical EEG. AEA induced anxiolytic-like effects but not anti-depressant effects in the SD model in rats by modulating CB1R mRNA expression, cortical EEG, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafie Belali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Chen L, Wu K, He J, Hou J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang J, Xia Z. Circadian Regulation of the Lactate Metabolic Kinetics in Mice Using the [ 1H- 13C]-NMR Technique. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03927-w. [PMID: 38231323 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Lactate is not only the energy substrate of neural cells, but also an important signal molecule in brain. In modern societies, disturbed circadian rhythms pose a global challenge. Therefore, exploring the influence of circadian period on lactate and its metabolic kinetics is essential for the advancement of neuroscientific research. In the present study, the different groups of mice (L: 8:00 a.m.; D: 20:00 p.m.; SD: 20:00 p.m. with 12 h acute sleep deprivation) were infused with [3-13C] lactate through the lateral tail vein for a duration of 2 min. After 30-min lactate metabolism, the animals were euthanized and the tissues of brain and liver were obtained and extracted, and then, the [1H-13C] NMR technology was employed to investigate the kinetic information of lactate metabolism in different brain regions and liver to detect the enrichment of various metabolic kinetic information. Results revealed the fluctuating lactate concentrations in the brain throughout the day, with lower levels during light periods and higher levels during dark periods. Most metabolites displayed strong sensitivity to circadian rhythm, exhibiting significant day-night variations. Conversely, only a few metabolites showed changes after acute sleep deprivation, primarily in the temporal brain region. Interestingly, in contrast to brain lactate metabolism, liver lactate metabolism exhibited a significant increase following acute sleep deprivation. This study explored the kinetics of lactate metabolism, hinted at potential clinical implications for disorders involving circadian rhythm disturbances, and providing a new research basis for clinical exploration of brain and liver lactate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingang He
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases; Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Belali R, Mard SA, Khoshnam SE, Bavarsad K, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Anandamide improves food intake and orexinergic neuronal activity in the chronic sleep deprivation induction model in rats by modulating the expression of the CB1 receptor in the lateral hypothalamus. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102336. [PMID: 37290176 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation alters orexinergic neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which is the main regulator of sleep-wake, arousal, appetite, and energy regulation processes. Cannabinoid receptor (CBR) expression in this area is involved in modulating the function of orexin neurons. In this study, we investigated the effects of endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) administration on improving food intake and appetite by modulating the activity of orexin neurons and CB1R expression after chronic sleep deprivation. Adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into three groups: control + vehicle (Control), chronic sleep deprivation + vehicle (SD), and chronic sleep deprivation +20 mg/kg AEA (SD + A). For SD induction, the rats were kept in a sleep deprivation device for 18 h (7 a.m. to 1 a.m.) daily for 21 days. Weight gain, food intake, the electrical power of orexin neurons, CB1R mRNA expression in hypothalamus, CB1R protein expression in the LH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 levels and antioxidant activity in hypothalamus were measured after SD induction. Our results showed that AEA administration significantly improved food intake (p < 0.01), Electrical activity of orexin neurons (p < 0.05), CB1R expression in the hypothalamus (p < 0.05), and IL-4 levels (p < 0.05). AEA also reduced mRNA expression of OX1R and OX2R (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively), also IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01) and MDA level (p < 0.05) in hypothalamic tissue. As a consequence, AEA modulates orexinergic system function and improves food intake by regulating the expression of the CB1 receptor in the LH in sleep deprived rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafie Belali
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Ramasubbu K, Ramanathan G, Venkatraman G, Rajeswari VD. Sleep-associated insulin resistance promotes neurodegeneration. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8665-8681. [PMID: 37580496 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modification can lead to numerous health issues closely associated with sleep. Sleep deprivation and disturbances significantly affect inflammation, immunity, neurodegeneration, cognitive depletion, memory impairment, neuroplasticity, and insulin resistance. Sleep significantly impacts brain and memory formation, toxin excretion, hormonal function, metabolism, and motor and cognitive functions. Sleep restriction associated with insulin resistance affects these functions by interfering with the insulin signalling pathway, neurotransmission, inflammatory pathways, and plasticity of neurons. So, in this review, We discuss the evidence that suggests that neurodegeneration occurs via sleep and is associated with insulin resistance, along with the insulin signalling pathways involved in neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, while exploring the role of hormones in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Neculicioiu VS, Colosi IA, Costache C, Toc DA, Sevastre-Berghian A, Colosi HA, Clichici S. Sleep Deprivation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Models: A Scoping Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1600. [PMID: 37627596 PMCID: PMC10451248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent in the modern world, possibly reaching epidemic proportions. While multiple theories regarding the roles of sleep exist (inactivity, energy conservation, restoration, brain plasticity and antioxidant), multiple unknowns still remain regarding the proposed antioxidant roles of sleep. The existing experimental evidence is often contradicting, with studies pointing both toward and against the presence of oxidative stress after sleep deprivation. The main goals of this review were to analyze the existing experimental data regarding the relationship between sleep deprivation and oxidative stress, to attempt to further clarify multiple aspects surrounding this relationship and to identify current knowledge gaps. Systematic searches were conducted in three major online databases for experimental studies performed on rat models with oxidative stress measurements, published between 2015 and 2022. A total of 54 studies were included in the review. Most results seem to point to changes in oxidative stress parameters after sleep deprivation, further suggesting an antioxidant role of sleep. Alterations in these parameters were observed in both paradoxical and total sleep deprivation protocols and in multiple rat strains. Furthermore, the effects of sleep deprivation seem to extend beyond the central nervous system, affecting multiple other body sites in the periphery. Sleep recovery seems to be characterized by an increased variability, with the presence of both normalizations in some parameters and long-lasting changes after sleep deprivation. Surprisingly, most studies revealed the presence of a stress response following sleep deprivation. However, the origin and the impact of the stress response during sleep deprivation remain somewhat unclear. While a definitive exclusion of the influence of the sleep deprivation protocol on the stress response is not possible, the available data seem to suggest that the observed stress response may be determined by sleep deprivation itself as opposed to the experimental conditions. Due to this fact, the observed oxidative changes could be attributed directly to sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Sever Neculicioiu
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Alina Colosi
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Costache
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Alexandru Toc
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horațiu Alexandru Colosi
- Division of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Department of Medical Education, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Xiao F, Shao S, Zhang H, Li G, Piao S, Zhao D, Li G, Yan M. Neuroprotective effect of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen on rats with p-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia via activation of GABA A receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965308. [PMID: 36483742 PMCID: PMC9722729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow [Rhamnaceae; Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS)] has attracted extensive attention as the first choice of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia. However, recent studies on the sleep-improving mechanism of ZSS have mainly focused on the role of single components. Thus, to further reveal the potential mechanism of ZSS, an assessment of its multiple constituents is necessary. In this study, ZSS extract (ZSSE) was obtained from ZSS via detailed modern extraction, separation, and purification technologies. The chemical constituents of ZSSE were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). For in vivo experiments, a rat model of insomnia induced by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was established to investigate the potential effect and corresponding mechanism of ZSSE on improving sleep. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) results revealed that the drug group showed prominent advantages over the model group in improving sleep. Moreover, the brain levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (Glu), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) were monitored via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to further study the sleep-improving mechanism of ZSSE. We found that sleep was effectively improved via upregulation of GABA and 5-HT and downregulation of Glu and DA. In addition, molecular mechanisms of ZSSE in improving sleep were studied by immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that sleep was improved by regulating the expression levels of GABA receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABAARα1) and GABA acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABAARγ2) receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus tissue sections. Therefore, this work not only identified the active ingredients of ZSSE but also revealed the potential pharmacological mechanism of ZSSE for improving sleep, which may greatly stimulate the prospective development and application of ZSSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Xiao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfu Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Songlan Piao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingming Yan
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Intervention Effects of Okra Extract on Brain-Gut Peptides and Intestinal Microorganisms in Sleep Deprivation Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9855411. [PMID: 36193125 PMCID: PMC9526647 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9855411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Okra, possessing various bioactive components, is used to treat different diseases. This study sought to estimate the intervention effects of okra extract (OE) on brain-gut peptides (BGPs) and intestinal microorganisms in sleep deprivation (SD) rats. Methods SD rat models were established using the modified multiple platform method and then treated with normal saline, diazepam tablets, or different doses of OE. Body weight and average daily water consumption of rats were recorded. Depressive behaviors of rats were assessed by the open field test and sucrose preference test. Serum levels of noradrenaline, melatonin, inflammatory factors (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α/IL-4/IL-10), and BGP indexes, including gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cholecystokinin (CCK), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measured by ELISA. Additionally, the DNA relative contents of representative intestinal microorganisms in the collected rat feces were determined using RT-qPCR. Results SD decreased body weight and average daily water consumption and induced depressive behaviors as well as stress and inflammatory responses in rats. SD rats exhibited lowered GAS, MTL, 5-HT, and VIP but elevated CCK and showed diminished DNA relative contents of Bacteroidetes and probiotics (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli) but increased Clostridium perfringens. OE at different doses ameliorated the depressive behaviors and mitigated the stress and inflammatory responses in SD rats, raised the serum contents of GAS, MTL, 5-HT, and VIP, reduced CCK level, elevated the DNA relative contents of Bacteroidetes and probiotics, but diminished Clostridium perfringens. OE exhibited similar intervention effects to diazepam tablets (positive control). Conclusion OE exerts intervention effects on BGPs and intestinal microorganisms in SD rats.
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Thompson KI, Chau M, Lorenzetti MS, Hill LD, Fins AI, Tartar JL. Acute sleep deprivation disrupts emotion, cognition, inflammation, and cortisol in young healthy adults. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:945661. [PMID: 36212194 PMCID: PMC9538963 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.945661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep deprivation has been demonstrated to diminish cognitive performance, alter mood states, and concomitantly dysregulate inflammation and stress hormones. At present, however, there is little understanding of how an acute sleep deprivation may collectively affect these factors and alter functioning. The present study aimed to determine the extent to which 24-h of sleep deprivation influences inflammatory cytokines, stress hormones, cognitive processing across domains, and emotion states. To that end, 23 participants (mean age = 20.78 years, SD = 2.87) filled out clinical health questionnaires measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Actigraph was worn for seven days across testing to record sleep duration. At each session participants underwent a series of measures, including saliva and blood samples for quantification of leptin, ghrelin, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, and cortisol levels, they completed a cognitive battery using an iPad, and an emotion battery. We found that an acute sleep deprivation, limited to a 24 h period, increases negative emotion states such as anxiety, fatigue, confusion, and depression. In conjunction, sleep deprivation results in increased inflammation and decreased cortisol levels in the morning, that are accompanied by deficits in vigilance and impulsivity. Combined, these results suggest that individuals who undergo 24 h sleep deprivation will induce systemic alterations to inflammation and endocrine functioning, while concomitantly increasing negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla I. Thompson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Minh Chau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | | | - Lauren D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ana I. Fins
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Jaime L. Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jaime L. Tartar
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