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Dudoignon B, Maruani A, Delorme R, Patout M, Fefeu M, Ellul P, Bokov P, Delclaux C. Autism spectrum disorder in young patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: role of the autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:249. [PMID: 38961480 PMCID: PMC11220943 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare condition characterized by alveolar hypoventilation and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction requiring long-term ventilation. CCHS could constitute a risk factor of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to birth injury related to respiratory failure, which remains to be determined. ANS dysfunction has also been described in ASD and there are indications for altered contribution of ANS-central nervous system interaction in processing of social information; thus, CCHS could be a risk factor for ASD based on pathophysiological background also. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of ASD among CCHS patients, identify risk factors, and explore the relationship between the ANS, evaluated by heart rate variability indices, and adaptative functioning. RESULTS Our retrospective study, based on the analysis of records of a French national center of patients with CCHS under 20 years of age, determined that the prevalence of ASD (diagnosed by a psychiatrist, following the criteria of DSM-4 or DSM-5) was 6/69 patients, 8.7% (95% confidence interval: 3.3-18.0%). In a case (CCHS with ASD, n = 6) - control (CCHS without ASD, n = 12) study with matching on sex, longer neonatal hospitalization stay and glycemic dysfunction were associated with ASD. Adaptative functioning was assessed using Vineland Adaptative behavioral scales (VABS) and heart rate variability indices (including daytime RMSSD as an index of parasympathetic modulation) were obtained from ECG Holter performed the same day. In 19 young subjects with CCHS who had both ECG Holter and VABS, significant positive correlations were observed between RMSSD and three of four sub-domains of the VABS (communication: R = 0.50, p = 0.028; daily living skills: R = 0.60, p = 0.006; socialization: R = 0.52, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Our study suggests a high prevalence of ASD in patients with CCHS. Glycemic dysfunction and longer initial hospitalization stays were associated with ASD development. A defect in parasympathetic modulation was associated with worse adaptative functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dudoignon
- Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, CRMR Maladies respiratoires rares - Hypoventilations alvéolaires rares - Syndrome d'Ondine, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Paris, F-75019, France.
| | - Anna Maruani
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et l'adolescent, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, 75 019, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et l'adolescent, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, 75 019, France
| | - Maxime Patout
- Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S) - CRMR Hypoventilations centrales congénitales, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Mylene Fefeu
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et l'adolescent, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, 75 019, France
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et l'adolescent, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, 75 019, France
| | - Plamen Bokov
- Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, CRMR Maladies respiratoires rares - Hypoventilations alvéolaires rares - Syndrome d'Ondine, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Paris, F-75019, France
| | - Christophe Delclaux
- Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, Université de Paris-Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, CRMR Maladies respiratoires rares - Hypoventilations alvéolaires rares - Syndrome d'Ondine, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Paris, F-75019, France
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Beker S, Molholm S. Do we all synch alike? Brain-body-environment interactions in ASD. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1275896. [PMID: 38186630 PMCID: PMC10769494 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1275896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by rigidity of routines and restricted interests, and atypical social communication and interaction. Recent evidence for altered synchronization of neuro-oscillatory brain activity with regularities in the environment and of altered peripheral nervous system function in ASD present promising novel directions for studying pathophysiology and its relationship to ASD clinical phenotype. Human cognition and action are significantly influenced by physiological rhythmic processes that are generated by both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Normally, perception occurs in a dynamic context, where brain oscillations and autonomic signals synchronize with external events to optimally receive temporally predictable rhythmic information, leading to improved performance. The recent findings on the time-sensitive coupling between the brain and the periphery in effective perception and successful social interactions in typically developed highlight studying the interactions within the brain-body-environment triad as a critical direction in the study of ASD. Here we offer a novel perspective of autism as a case where the temporal dynamics of brain-body-environment coupling is impaired. We present evidence from the literature to support the idea that in autism the nervous system fails to operate in an adaptive manner to synchronize with temporally predictable events in the environment to optimize perception and behavior. This framework could potentially lead to novel biomarkers of hallmark deficits in ASD such as cognitive rigidity and altered social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Beker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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