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Romano G, Almeida M, Varela Coelho A, Cutignano A, Gonçalves LG, Hansen E, Khnykin D, Mass T, Ramšak A, Rocha MS, Silva TH, Sugni M, Ballarin L, Genevière AM. Biomaterials and Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates: From Basic Research to Innovative Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040219. [PMID: 35447892 PMCID: PMC9027906 DOI: 10.3390/md20040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates are a major source of biomaterials and bioactive natural products that can find applications as pharmaceutics, nutraceutics, cosmetics, antibiotics, antifouling products and biomaterials. Symbiotic microorganisms are often the real producers of many secondary metabolites initially isolated from marine invertebrates; however, a certain number of them are actually synthesized by the macro-organisms. In this review, we analysed the literature of the years 2010–2019 on natural products (bioactive molecules and biomaterials) from the main phyla of marine invertebrates explored so far, including sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, echinoderms and ascidians, and present relevant examples of natural products of interest to public and private stakeholders. We also describe omics tools that have been more relevant in identifying and understanding mechanisms and processes underlying the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in marine invertebrates. Since there is increasing attention on finding new solutions for a sustainable large-scale supply of bioactive compounds, we propose that a possible improvement in the biodiscovery pipeline might also come from the study and utilization of aquatic invertebrate stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Romano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Mariana Almeida
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B´s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.V.C.); (L.G.G.)
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luis G Gonçalves
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.V.C.); (L.G.G.)
| | - Espen Hansen
- Marbio, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway;
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Tali Mass
- Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Marine Biology, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Andreja Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, SI-6330 Piran, Slovenia;
| | - Miguel S. Rocha
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B´s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B´s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Anne-Marie Genevière
- Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 1 Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;
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Kim HK, Vasileva EA, Mishchenko NP, Fedoreyev SA, Han J. Multifaceted Clinical Effects of Echinochrome. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:412. [PMID: 34436251 PMCID: PMC8400489 DOI: 10.3390/md19080412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine drug histochrome is a special natural antioxidant. The active substance of the drug is echinochrome A (Ech A, 7-ethyl-2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), the most abundant quinonoid pigment in sea urchins. The medicine is clinically used in cardiology and ophthalmology based on the unique properties of Ech A, which simultaneously block various links of free radical reactions. In the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of histochrome in various disease models without adverse effects. Here, we review the data on the various clinical effects and modes of action of Ech A in ophthalmic, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, inflammatory, metabolic, and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 57392, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan 57392, Korea
| | - Elena A. Vasileva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.V.); (N.P.M.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Natalia P. Mishchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.V.); (N.P.M.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Sergey A. Fedoreyev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.V.); (N.P.M.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Jin Han
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 57392, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan 57392, Korea
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Rubilar T, Barbieri ES, Gazquez A, Avaro M. Sea Urchin Pigments: Echinochrome A and Its Potential Implication in the Cytokine Storm Syndrome. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:267. [PMID: 34064550 PMCID: PMC8151293 DOI: 10.3390/md19050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Echinochrome A (EchA) is a pigment from sea urchins. EchA is a polyhydroxylated 1,4-naphthoquinone that contains several hydroxyl groups appropriate for free-radical scavenging and preventing redox imbalance. EchA is the most studied molecule of this family and is an active principle approved to be used in humans, usually for cardiopathies and glaucoma. EchA is used as a pharmaceutical drug. Methods: A comprehensive literature and patent search review was undertaken using PubMed, as well as Google Scholar and Espacenet search engines to review these areas. Conclusions: In the bloodstream, EchA can mediate cellular responses, act as a radical scavenger, and activate the glutathione pathway. It decreases ROS imbalance, prevents and limits lipid peroxidation, and enhances mitochondrial functions. Most importantly, EchA contributes to the modulation of the immune system. EchA can regulate the generation of regulatory T cells, inhibit pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine production, while slightly reducing IL-8, TNF-α, INF-α, and NKT, thus correcting immune imbalance. These characteristics suggest that EchA is a candidate drug to alleviate the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rubilar
- Laboratorio de Química de Organismos Marinos, Instituto Patagónico del Mar, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro Para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina;
| | - Elena S. Barbieri
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro Para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Patagónico del Mar, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Gazquez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, The Chascomús Technological Institute (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús 7130, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Marisa Avaro
- Laboratorio de Química de Organismos Marinos, Instituto Patagónico del Mar, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina;
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Hou Y, Carne A, McConnell M, Mros S, Vasileva EA, Mishchenko NP, Burrow K, Wang K, Bekhit AA, Bekhit AEDA. PHNQ from Evechinus chloroticus Sea Urchin Supplemented with Calcium Promotes Mineralization in Saos-2 Human Bone Cell Line. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E373. [PMID: 32707634 PMCID: PMC7404214 DOI: 10.3390/md18070373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxylated naphthoquinones (PHNQs), known as spinochromes that can be extracted from sea urchins, are bioactive compounds reported to have medicinal properties and antioxidant activity. The MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay showed that pure echinochrome A exhibited a cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner within the test concentration range (15.625-65.5 µg/mL). The PHNQ extract from New Zealand sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus did not induce any cytotoxicity within the same concentration range after 21 days of incubation. Adding calcium chloride (CaCl2) with echinochrome A increased the number of viable cells, but when CaCl2 was added with the PHNQs, cell viability decreased. The effect of PHNQs extracted on mineralized nodule formation in Saos-2 cells was investigated using xylenol orange and von Kossa staining methods. Echinochrome A decreased the mineralized nodule formation significantly (p < 0.05), while nodule formation was not affected in the PHNQ treatment group. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in mineralization was observed in the presence of PHNQs (62.5 µg/mL) supplemented with 1.5 mM CaCl2. In conclusion, the results indicate that PHNQs have the potential to improve the formation of bone mineral phase in vitro, and future research in an animal model is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Hou
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (Y.H.); (K.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (M.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sonya Mros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (M.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Elena A. Vasileva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.V.); (N.P.M.)
| | - Natalia P. Mishchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.A.V.); (N.P.M.)
| | - Keegan Burrow
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (Y.H.); (K.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (Y.H.); (K.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt;
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Sakheer P.O. Box 32 038, Bahrain
| | - Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (Y.H.); (K.B.); (K.W.)
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Hou Y, Vasileva EA, Carne A, McConnell M, El-Din A Bekhit A, Mishchenko NP. Naphthoquinones of the spinochrome class: occurrence, isolation, biosynthesis and biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32637-32650. [PMID: 35547692 PMCID: PMC9086473 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04777d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinones are widespread in nature and have been found in plants, fungi and bacteria, as well as in members of the animal kingdom. More than forty closely related naphthoquinones have been found in echinoderms, mainly in sea urchins but occasionally in brittle stars, sea stars and starfish. This review aims to examine controversial issues on the chemistry, biosynthesis, functions, stability and application aspects of the spinochrome class, a prominent group of secondary metabolites found in sea urchins. The emphasis of this review is on the isolation and structure of these compounds, together with evaluation of their relevant biological activities, source organisms, the location of origin and methods used for isolation and identification. In addition, the studies of their biosynthesis and ecological function, stability and chemical synthesis have been highlighted. This review aims to establish a focus for future spinochrome research and its potential for benefiting human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Hou
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Elena A Vasileva
- Laboratory of the Chemistry of Natural Quinonoid Compounds, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159/2 690022 Vladivostok Russia
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Natalia P Mishchenko
- Laboratory of the Chemistry of Natural Quinonoid Compounds, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159/2 690022 Vladivostok Russia
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Marine Waste Utilization as a Source of Functional and Health Compounds. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 87:187-254. [PMID: 30678815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Consumer demand for convenience has led to large quantities of seafood being value-added processed before marketing, resulting in large amounts of marine by-products being generated by processing industries. Several bioconversion processes have been proposed to transform some of these by-products. In addition to their relatively low value conventional use as animal feed and fertilizers, several investigations have been reported that have demonstrated the potential to add value to viscera, heads, skins, fins, trimmings, and crab and shrimp shells by extraction of lipids, bioactive peptides, enzymes, and other functional proteins and chitin that can be used in food and pharmaceutical applications. This chapter is focused on reviewing the opportunities for utilization of these marine by-products. The chapter discusses the various products and bioactive compounds that can be obtained from seafood waste and describes various methods that can be used to produce these products with the aim of highlighting opportunities to add value to these marine waste streams.
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Shikov AN, Ossipov VI, Karonen M, Pozharitskaya ON, Krishtopina AS, Makarov VG. Comparative stability of dimeric and monomeric pigments extracted from sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:1747-1751. [PMID: 28278669 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1290617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and UPLC-DAD-MS were used for analysis of stability of ethanol solutions of ethylidene-6,6'-bis(2,3,7-trihydroxynaphthazarin) (ENZ), spinochrome dimer (SDM) and spinochrome D (SD) that were isolated from Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. In the freshly prepared solution, the concentration of ENZ at pH 6.0 was at 6 fold less comparing to pH 1.6. The increase of pH up to 4.0 resulted to increase of SD concentration and to decrease of SDM concentration. After 48 h storage, both dimers showed the highest stability at pH 1.6, while the elevation of the pH solution up to 6.0 activates degradation of SDM and ENZ at 1.3 and 3.6 fold correspondingly. The concentration of SD after 48 h storage at the pH 1.6 was at two-fold less comparing to the initial concentration, and at the pH 6.0 - at 4 fold less. This study contributes to increasing the knowledge on the stability of the spinochrome pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir I Ossipov
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,c Peoples Friendship University of Russia , Moscow , Russia
| | - Maarit Karonen
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Talalaeva OS, Zverev YF, Bryukhanov VM. Mechanisms of Antiradical Activity of 2,3,5,6,8-Pentahydroxy-7-Ethyl-1,4-Naphthoquinone (A Review). Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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