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Wei T, Zhou BY, Wu XH, Liu XA, Huo MW, Huang XX, Shi LZ, Shi LL, Cao QR. Development of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyethylene Glycol Copolymer-based Orodispersible Films Loaded with Entecavir: Formulation and In vitro Characterization. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1362-1374. [PMID: 37929732 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018261294231024093926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to prepare entecavir (ETV)-loaded orodispersible films (ODFs) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer (Kollicoat® IR) as a film-forming agent, and further to evaluate the dissolution rate, mechanical and physicochemical properties of films. METHODS ETV-ODFs were prepared by a solvent casting method. The amount of film-forming agent, plasticizer, and disintegrating agent was optimized in terms of the appearance, thickness, disintegration time and mechanical properties of ODFs. The compatibility between the drug and each excipient was conducted under high temperature (60 °C), high humidity (RH 92.5%), and strong light (4500 Lx) for 10 days. The dissolution study of optimal ODFs compared with the original commercial tablet (Baraclude®) was performed using a paddle method in pH 1.0, pH 4.5, pH 6.8, and pH 7.4 media at 37 °C. The morphology of ODFs was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), elastic modulus (EM), and percentage elongation (E%) of ODFs were evaluated using the universal testing machine. The physicochemical properties of ODFs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). RESULTS The related substances were less than 0.5% under high temperature, high humidity, and strong light for 10 days when ETV was mixed with excipients. The optimal formulation of ODFs was set as the quality ratio of Kollicoat® IR, glycerol, sodium alginate (ALG-Na): TiO2: MCC+CMC-Na: ETV was 60:9:12:1:1:1. The drug-loaded ODFs were white and translucent with excellent stripping property. The thickness, disintegration time, EM, TS, and E% were 103.33±7.02 μm, 25.31±1.95 s, 25.34±8.69 Mpa, 2.14±0.26 Mpa, and 65.45±19.41 %, respectively. The cumulative drug release from ODFs was more than 90% in four different media at 10 min. The SEM showed that the drug was highly dispersible in ODFs, and the XRD, DSC, and FT-IR results showed that there occurred some interactions between the drug and excipients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the developed ETV-loaded ODFs showed relatively short disintegration time, rapid drug dissolution, and excellent mechanical properties. This might be an alternative to conventional ETV Tablets for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Yu Zhou
- Dongliao People's Hospital, Liaoyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Huo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Zhi Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Shi
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Ri Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Rani KC, Parfati N, Aryani NLD, Winantari AN, Fitriani EW, Pradana AT, Nawatila R, Putranti AR, Irine F, Angelica F, Yohanes C, Avanti C. Development, Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Oral Dissolving Film of Atenolol. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101727. [PMID: 34684021 PMCID: PMC8537485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of oral dissolving film (ODF) of atenolol is an attempt to enhance convenience and compliance for geriatric patients suffering from hypertension. Film former is the most essential component in ODF that determines the physical characteristic and drug release. In this study, three different types of film former including HPMC E5 4% (w/v), 5% (w/v), CMC-Na 3% (w/v), 4% (w/v), and Na-alginate 2.5% (w/v), 3% (w/v) were optimized in Formula 1 (F1) to Formula 6 (F6), respectively. A solvent casting method was employed to develop ODF of atenolol. The films formed by HPMC E5 produced a smooth and flexible surface, whereas CMC-Na and Na-alginate produced gritty textured films. Satisfactory results were obtained from several physical parameters such as film thickness, folding endurance, swelling index, and disintegration time. The homogeneity, drug content, and dissolution properties of ODF with HPMC exhibited better characteristics than the other formulas. Formula 1 exhibited the highest drug release compared to the other ODFs. The molecular docking results showed that there was a hydrogen bonding between atenolol and film formers which was also supported by the FTIR spectrum. The findings of this study suggest that HPMC E5 is the most favorable film former for ODF of atenolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Citra Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Nani Parfati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Ni Luh Dewi Aryani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Agnes Nuniek Winantari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Endang Wahyu Fitriani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Aditya Trias Pradana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roisah Nawatila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Astridani Rizky Putranti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Florencia Irine
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Florentia Angelica
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Cintya Yohanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Christina Avanti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-31-298-1000
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Olechno K, Basa A, Winnicka K. "Success Depends on Your Backbone"-About the Use of Polymers as Essential Materials Forming Orodispersible Films. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174872. [PMID: 34500962 PMCID: PMC8432670 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers constitute a group of materials having a wide-ranging impact on modern pharmaceutical technology. Polymeric components provide the foundation for the advancement of novel drug delivery platforms, inter alia orodispersible films. Orodispersible films are thin, polymeric scraps intended to dissolve quickly when put on the tongue, allowing them to be easily swallowed without the necessity of drinking water, thus eliminating the risk of choking, which is of great importance in the case of pediatric and geriatric patients. Polymers are essential excipients in designing orodispersible films, as they constitute the backbone of these drug dosage form. The type of polymer is of significant importance in obtaining the formulation of the desired quality. The polymers employed to produce orodispersible films must meet particular requirements due to their oral administration and have to provide adequate surface texture, film thickness, mechanical attributes, tensile and folding strength as well as relevant disintegration time and drug release to obtain the final product characterized by optimal pharmaceutical features. A variety of natural and synthetic polymers currently utilized in manufacturing of orodispersible films might be used alone or in a blend. The goal of the present manuscript was to present a review about polymers utilized in designing oral-dissolving films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Olechno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (K.W.)
| | - Anna Basa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (K.W.)
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Abstract
Dementia is a significant public health problem in the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an essential factor in dementia. Currently, the drugs used for the treatment of AD are mainly acetylcholine inhibitors (AChEIs). As an AChEI, donepezil (DP) can improve patients' cognitive ability with low side effects and has been accepted by most patients and doctors. For AD patients, the dosage regimen is also crucial due to aging and diseases. Although there are DP oral tablets on the market, there are still many problems to be solved. At present, more and more research is conducted to optimize the route of administration of DP to improve the self-administration of patients. The research fields of DP administration include oral administration, injection administration, intranasal administration, and transdermal administration. This Review is to present the development of different DP administrations and evaluates the advantages and limitations of those works, hoping to optimize the DP dosage regimen for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qiang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Optimal Design, Characterization and Preliminary Safety Evaluation of an Edible Orodispersible Formulation for Pediatric Tuberculosis Pharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165714. [PMID: 32784947 PMCID: PMC7460872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of tuberculosis (TB) in children is considered a global crisis compounded by the scarcity of pharmaceutical formulations suitable for pediatric use. The purpose of this study was to optimally develop and evaluate a pyrazinamide containing edible orodispersible film formulation potentially suitable for use in pediatrics actively infected with TB. The formulation was prepared employing aqueous-particulate blending and solvent casting methods facilitated by a high performance Box Behnken experimental design template. The optimized orodispersible formulation was mechanically robust, flexible, easy to handle, exhibited rapid disintegration with initial matrix collapse occurring under 60 s (0.58 ± 0.05 min ≡ 34.98 ± 3.00 s) and pyrazinamide release was controlled by anomalous diffusion coupled with matrix disintegration and erosion mechanisms. It was microporous in nature, light weight (57.5 ± 0.5 mg) with an average diameter of 10.5 mm and uniformly distributed pyrazinamide load of 101.13 ± 2.03 %w/w. The formulation was physicochemically stable with no evidence of destructive drug–excipient interactions founded on outcomes of characterization and environmental stability investigations. Preliminary inquiries revealed that the orodispersible formulation was cytobiocompatible, palatable and remained intact under specific storage conditions. Summarily, an edible pyrazinamide containing orodispersible film formulation was optimally designed to potentially improve TB pharmacotherapy in children, particularly the under 5 year olds.
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Pechová V, Gajdziok J, Muselík J, Vetchý D. Development of Orodispersible Films Containing Benzydamine Hydrochloride Using a Modified Solvent Casting Method. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2509-2518. [PMID: 29948980 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop benzydamine hydrochloride-loaded orodispersible films using the modification of a solvent casting method. An innovative approach was developed when the drying process of a small-scale production was used based on a heated inert base for casting the film. During this process, two types of film-forming maltodextrins for rapid drug delivery were used. They were plasticized with two different polyols (xylitol and sorbitol). Superdisintegrant Kollidon® CL-F was tested as an excipient that can induce faster disintegration of the prepared films. The influence of the formulation parameters (dextrose equivalent of film-forming maltodextrins, a type of plasticizer, and the presence of superdisintegrant) on the disintegration time, mechanical properties, and moisture content of films was statistically evaluated using a multivariate data analysis. Orodispersible films containing maltodextrin with lower dextrose equivalent value showed better mechanical properties (tensile strength ranged from 886.6 ± 30.2 to 1484.2 ± 226.9 N cm-2), lower moisture content (0.5 ± 0.0 to 1.2 ± 0.2%), and shorter disintegration time (17.6 ± 2.9 to 27.8 ± 2.8 s). Films plasticized with xylitol showed shorter disintegration time (17.6 ± 2.9 to 29.2 ± 3.8 s) than films containing sorbitol (23.8 ± 2.9 to 31.7 ± 3.9 s). With the addition of superdisintegrant Kollidon® CL-F, a significant influence on disintegration time was not observed. The modified solvent casting method shows great promise in a small-scale laboratory production of orodispersible films, e.g., in a pharmacy lab.
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