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Lam HT, Le-Vinh B, Phan TNQ, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems and cationic surfactants: do they potentiate each other in cytotoxicity? J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:156-166. [PMID: 30251762 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing five different cationic surfactants. METHODS Cationic surfactants were added in a concentration of 1% and 5% (m/m) to SEDDS comprising 30% Capmul MCM, 30% Captex 355, 30% Cremophor EL and 10% propylene glycol. The resulting formulations were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, in-vitro haemolytic activity and toxicity on Caco-2 via MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. KEY FINDINGS The evaluated surfactants had in both concentrations a minor impact on the size of SEDDS ranging from 30.2 ± 0.6 to 55.4 ± 1.1 nm, whereas zeta potential changed significantly from -9.0 ± 0.3 to +28.8 ± 1.6 mV. The overall cytotoxicity of cationic surfactants followed the rank order: hexadecylpyridinium chloride > benzalkonium chloride > alkyltrimethylammonium bromide > octylamine > 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium. The haemolytic activity of the combination of cationic surfactants and SEDDS on human red blood cells was synergistic. Furthermore, cationic SEDDS exhibited higher cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells compared to SEDDS without cationic surfactants. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, SEDDS and cationic surfactants seem to bear an additive up to synergistic toxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Thanh Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Bao Le-Vinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Nhu Quynh Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Darandale SS, Shevalkar GB, Vavia PR. Effect of Lipid Composition in Propofol Formulations: Decisive Component in Reducing the Free Propofol Content and Improving Pharmacodynamic Profiles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:441-450. [PMID: 27055535 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current endeavor was aimed towards studying significance of lipid composition on free propofol concentration in aqueous phase and associated pain on injection. Three different nanoformulations, namely long-chain triglyceride (LCT)/medium-chain glyceride (MCG)-based nanoemulsion (ProNano), MCG-based self-nanoemulsifying formulation (PSNE), and lipid-free nanoformulation (PNS) were accessed for the same. In vitro and in vivo performances of developed formulations were compared with Diprivan®. ProNano showed minimum free propofol concentration (0.13%) and hence lower pain on injection (rat paw-lick test, 6 ± 2 s) compared to Diprivan®, PSNE, and PNS (0.21%, 0.23%, and 0.51% free propofol, respectively, and rat paw-lick test; 12 ± 3, 14 ± 2, and 22 ± 3 s, respectively). These results conjecture the role of MCG in effective encapsulation of propofol. Anesthetic action assessed by measuring duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR), which was found similar in case of ProNano and PSNE (14 ± 3 and 15 ± 3 min, respectively) compared to Diprivan® (13 ± 3 min). In case of lipid-free formulation, PNS, extended anesthetic action (21 ± 2 min) was observed which may be due to sustained release of propofol from nanosponges. Studies on effect of lipoproteins on propofol release highlighted significance of HDL (100% release with maximum concentration of about 1.2 μg/ml of HDL) from all three formulations.
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Barillaro V, Pescarmona PP, Van Speybroeck M, Thi TD, Van Humbeeck J, Vermant J, Augustijns P, Martens JA, Van Den Mooter G. High-Throughput Study of Phenytoin Solid Dispersions: Formulation Using an Automated Solvent Casting Method, Dissolution Testing, and Scaling-Up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:637-43. [DOI: 10.1021/cc8000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Barillaro
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Paolo P. Pescarmona
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Speybroeck
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Thao Do Thi
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Vermant
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Den Mooter
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, MTM Department, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and CIT Department, K.U. Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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