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Yamamura Y, Yoshinari K, Yamazoe Y. Construction of a fused grid-based CYP2C19-Template system and the application. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:100481. [PMID: 36813636 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-accessible space in the CYP2C19 active site was reconstituted as a fused grid-based Template with the use of structural data of the ligands. An evaluation system of CYP2C19-mediated metabolism has been developed on Template with the introduction of the idea of Trigger-residue initiated ligand-movement and fastening. Reciprocal comparison of the data of simulation on Template with experimental results suggested a unified way of the interaction of CYP2C19 and its ligands through the simultaneous plural-contact with Rear-wall of Template. CYP2C19 was expected to have a room for ligands between vertically standing parallel walls termed Facial-wall and Rear-wall, which were separated by a distance corresponding to 1.5-Ring (grid) diameter size. The ligand sittings were stabilized through contacts with Facial-wall and the left-side borders of Template including specific Position 29 or Left-end after Trigger-residue initiated ligand-movement. Trigger-residue movement is suggested to force ligands to stay firmly in the active site and then to initiate CYP2C19 reactions. Simulation experiments for over 450 reactions of CYP2C19 ligands supported the system established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Yamamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Non-Clinical Regulatory Science, Applied Research & Operations, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamazoe
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan.
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2
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Watanabe Y, Fukuyoshi S, Kato K, Hiratsuka M, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S, Gouda H, Oda A. Investigation of substrate recognition for cytochrome P450 1A2 mediated by water molecules using docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 74:326-336. [PMID: 28475969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of water molecules in the active site of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) was investigated using an explicit water model to simulate biological environments. Moreover, differences in ligand recognition between the inhibitor α-naphthoflavone (ANF) and the substrate 7-ethoxyresorufin (7ER) in the CYP1A2 complex were examined. More than 200-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for each complex structure of CYP1A2. In the complex structure with 7ER obtained after MD simulation, some water molecules existed in the active site and formed hydrogen bonds between 7ER and some residues. However, in the complex structure with ANF, the hydrogen bond network differed. These results suggest that CYP1A2 requires water molecules in its active site for substrate recognition. The observed differences in the hydrogen bond network in the complex with ANF or 7ER may be due to the fact that ANF is an inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fukuyoshi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Hirono
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Gouda
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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3
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Han SM, Park J, Lee JH, Lee SS, Kim H, Han H, Kim Y, Yi S, Cho JY, Jang IJ, Lee MG. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Comprehensive Genetic Profiling of Pharmacogenes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:396-405. [PMID: 27727443 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic differences in drug responses have been associated with known pharmacogenomic loci, but many remain to be characterized. Therefore, we developed next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels to enable broad and unbiased inspection of genes that are involved in pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). These panels feature repetitively optimized probes to capture up to 114 PK/PD-related genes with high coverage (99.6%) and accuracy (99.9%). Sequencing of a Korean cohort (n = 376) with the panels enabled profiling of actionable variants as well as rare variants of unknown functional consequences. Notably, variants that occurred at low frequency were enriched with likely protein-damaging variants and previously unreported variants. Furthermore, in vitro evaluation of four pharmacogenes, including cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), confirmed that many of these rare variants have considerable functional impact. The present study suggests that targeted NGS panels are readily applicable platforms to facilitate comprehensive profiling of pharmacogenes, including common but also rare variants that warrant screening for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Celemics Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Han
- Celemics Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Celemics Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-J Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M G Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Aswathy L, Jisha RS, Masand VH, Gajbhiye JM, Shibi IG. Computational strategies to explore antimalarial thiazine alkaloid lead compounds based on an Australian marine sponge Plakortis Lita. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:2407-2429. [PMID: 27494993 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1220870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an attempt was made to propose new leads based on the natural scaffold Thiaplakortone-A active against malaria. The 2D QSAR studies suggested that three descriptors correlate with the anti-malarial activity with an R2 value of 0.814. Robustness, reliability, and predictive power of the model were tested by internal validation, external validation, Y-scrambling, and applicability domain analysis. HQSAR studies were carried out as an additional tool to find the sub-structural fingerprints. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models gave Q2 values of 0.813 and 0.647, and [Formula: see text] values of 0.994 and 0.984, respectively. Using the 2D-QSAR equation, the activity values of the seven modified compounds were calculated and it was found that three molecules showed good anti-malarial activity. Molecular docking of the 42 Thiaplakortone-A derivatives with Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (PfCDPK1) was carried out to find out protein-ligand interactions. Data mining of the bioassay data-set AID: 504850 using the classifier based on Random Forest of Weka suggested that all of the eight molecules selected and three out of the seven virtual molecules were anti-malarial active. Both the virtual molecules and drug molecules were docked with CYP3A4, indicating that the virtual molecules could metabolize easily. Toxicity studies using Osiris shows that three molecules showed no toxic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Aswathy
- a Department of Chemistry , Sree Narayana College , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
| | - Radhakrishnan S Jisha
- a Department of Chemistry , Sree Narayana College , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
| | - Vijay H Masand
- b Department of Chemistry , Vidya Bharati College , Camp, Amravati , Maharashtra , India
| | - Jayant M Gajbhiye
- c Division of Organic Chemistry , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Indira G Shibi
- a Department of Chemistry , Sree Narayana College , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
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5
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Watanabe Y, Fukuyoshi S, Hiratsuka M, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S, Takahashi O, Oda A. Prediction of three-dimensional structures and structural flexibilities of wild-type and mutant cytochrome P450 1A2 using molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 68:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fukuyoshi S, Kometani M, Watanabe Y, Hiratsuka M, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S, Manabe N, Takahashi O, Oda A. Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Investigate the Influences of Amino Acid Mutations on Protein Three-Dimensional Structures of Cytochrome P450 2D6.1, 2, 10, 14A, 51, and 62. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152946. [PMID: 27046024 PMCID: PMC4821567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many natural mutants of the drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 have been reported. Because the enzymatic activities of many mutants are different from that of the wild type, the genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 plays an important role in drug metabolism. In this study, the molecular dynamics simulations of the wild type and mutants of CYP2D6, CYP2D6.1, 2, 10, 14A, 51, and 62 were performed, and the predictions of static and dynamic structures within them were conducted. In the mutant CYP2D6.10, 14A, and 61, dynamic properties of the F-G loop, which is one of the components of the active site access channel of CYP2D6, were different from that of the wild type. The F-G loop acted as the “hatch” of the channel, which was closed in those mutants. The structure of CYP2D6.51 was not converged by the simulation, which indicated that the three-dimensional structure of CYP2D6.51 was largely different from that of the wild type. In addition, the intramolecular interaction network of CYP2D6.10, 14A, and 61 was different from that of the wild type, and it is considered that these structural changes are the reason for the decrease or loss of enzymatic activities. On the other hand, the static and dynamic properties of CYP2D6.2, whose activity was normal, were not considerably different from those of the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Fukuyoshi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920–1192, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kometani
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920–1192, Japan
| | - Yurie Watanabe
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920–1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6–3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980–8578, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yamaotsu
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108–8641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirono
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108–8641, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Manabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981–8558, Japan
| | - Ohgi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981–8558, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920–1192, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3–2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kobayashi K, Takahashi O, Hiratsuka M, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S, Watanabe Y, Oda A. Evaluation of influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2B6 on substrate recognition using computational docking and molecular dynamics simulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96789. [PMID: 24796891 PMCID: PMC4010486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on the conformation of mutated cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 proteins using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Some of these mutations influence drug metabolism activities, leading to individual variations in drug efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Using computational docking, we predicted the structure of the complex between the antimalarial agent artemether and CYP2B6 whose conformations were obtained by MD simulation. The simulation demonstrated that the entire structure of the protein changes even when a single residue is mutated. Moreover, the structural flexibility is affected by the mutations and it may influence the enzyme activity. The results suggest that some of the inactive mutants cannot recognize artemether due to structural changes caused by the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ohgi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Hirono
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yurie Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Oda A, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S, Takano Y, Fukuyoshi S, Nakagaki R, Takahashi O. Evaluations of the conformational search accuracy of CAMDAS using experimental three-dimensional structures of protein-ligand complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/454/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Computational analysis of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism to investigate drug interactions between anti-TB and anti-HIV drugs in HIV/TB co-infection. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Wang H, Kim RA, Sun D, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Chen C. Evaluation of the effects of 18 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP450 2C19 onin vitrodrug inhibition potential by a fluorescence-based high-throughput assay. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:826-35. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.582893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Wang H, An N, Wang H, Gao Y, Liu D, Bian T, Zhu J, Chen C. Evaluation of the effects of 20 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 on S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation and omeprazole 5'-hydroxylation. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:830-7. [PMID: 21325430 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2C19 is a highly polymorphic enzyme that affects the metabolism of a wide range of therapeutic drugs. Almost all the identified alleles of CYP2C19 are derived from nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). The objective of this study was to functionally characterize 20 nsSNPs of CYP2C19, distributed throughout the entire coding region, most of which have not been thoroughly characterized. cDNAs of these variants were constructed and expressed in yeast cells. All variants had similar levels of apoprotein and holoprotein expression, except for CYP2C19.16 and D360N, which had significantly lower holoprotein levels than the wild-type (WT) CYP2C19 enzyme, and CYP2C19.5B, which showed only apoprotein. The activity of the CYP2C19 variants was investigated using two substrates, S-mephenytoin and omeprazole, and six different kinetic parameters were measured. CYP2C19.5B, CYP2C19.6, and CYP2C19.8 were found to be catalytically inactive. The entire dataset of the remaining 17 variants, together with the WT, was analyzed by multivariate analysis. This analysis indicated that CYP2C19.9, CYP2C19.10, CYP2C19.16, CYP2C19.18, CYP2C19.19, A161P, W212C, and D360N were substantially altered in catalytic properties in comparison with the WT, with each of these variants exhibiting either dramatically decreased catalytic activities or higher K(m) values. These results not only generally confirmed the function of previously reported variants but also identified additional reduced-function variants. These findings will greatly extend our understanding of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms in humans as well as facilitate the structure-function study of the CYP2C19 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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12
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A computational study of CYP3A4 mediated drug interaction profiles for anti-HIV drugs. J Mol Model 2010; 17:1847-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Hanioka N, Tsuneto Y, Saito Y, Sumada T, Maekawa K, Saito K, Sawada J, Narimatsu S. Functional characterization of two novel CYP2C19 variants (CYP2C19*18andCYP2C19*19) found in a Japanese population. Xenobiotica 2009; 37:342-55. [PMID: 17455109 DOI: 10.1080/00498250601127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) plays an important role in the metabolism of a wide range of therapeutic drugs and exhibits genetic polymorphism with interindividual differences in metabolic activity. We have previously described two CYP2C19 allelic variants, namely CYP2C19*18 and CYP2C19*19 with Arg329His/Ile331Val and Ser51Gly/Ile331Val substitutions, respectively. In order to investigate precisely the effect of amino acid substitutions on CYP2C19 function, CYP2C19 proteins of the wild-type (CYP2C19.1B having Ile331Val) and variants (CYP2C19.18 and CYP2C19.19) were heterologously expressed in yeast cells, and their S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation activities were determined. The K(m) value of CYP2C19.19 for S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation was significantly higher (3.0-fold) than that of CYP2C19.1B. Although no significant differences in V(max) values on the basis of microsomal and functional CYP protein levels were observed between CYP2C19.1B and CYP2C19.19, the V(max)/K(m) values of CYP2C19.19 were significantly reduced to 29-47% of CYP2C19.1B. By contrast, the K(m), V(max) or V(max)/K(m) values of CYP2C19.18 were similar to those of CYP2C19.1B. These results suggest that Ser51Gly substitution in CYP2C19.19 decreases the affinity toward S-mephenytoin of CYP2C19 enzyme, and imply that the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19*19 also causes variations in the clinical response to drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hanioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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Yao Y, Han WW, Zhou YH, Li ZS, Li Q, Chen XY, Zhong DF. The metabolism of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 for gliclazide by homology modeling and docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:854-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Si D, Wang Y, Zhou YH, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhou H, Li ZS, Fawcett JP. Mechanism of CYP2C9 inhibition by flavones and flavonols. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 37:629-34. [PMID: 19074529 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.023416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes an in vitro investigation of the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) 2C9 by a series of flavonoids made up of flavones (flavone, 6-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, chrysin, baicalein, apigenin, luteolin, scutellarein, and wogonin) and flavonols (galangin, fisetin, kaempferol, morin, and quercetin). With the exception of flavone, all flavonoids were shown to inhibit CYP2C9-mediated diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation in the CYP2C9 RECO system, with K(i) value <or= 2.2 microM. In terms of the mechanism of inhibition, 6-hydroxyflavone was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP2C9, whereas the other flavonoids were competitive inhibitors. Computer docking simulation and constructed mutants substituted at residue 100 of CYP2C9.1 indicate that the noncompetitive binding site of 6-hydroxyflavone lies beside Phe100, similar to the reported allosteric binding site of warfarin. The other flavonoids exert competitive inhibition through interaction with the substrate binding site of CYP2C9 accessed by flurbiprofen. These results suggest flavonoids can participate in interactions with drugs that act as substrates for CYP2C9 and provide a possible molecular basis for understanding cooperativity in human P450-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Si
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
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16
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Polgár T, Menyhárd DK, Keserű GM. Effective virtual screening protocol for CYP2C9 ligands using a screening site constructed from flurbiprofen and S-warfarin pockets. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2007; 21:539-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-007-9137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Oda A, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S. New AMBER force field parameters of heme iron for cytochrome P450s determined by quantum chemical calculations of simplified models. J Comput Chem 2005; 26:818-26. [PMID: 15812779 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The heme protein, cytochrome P450, is an oxidoreductase that plays an important role in drug metabolism. To model P450s using molecular mechanics methods and classical molecular dynamics simulations, force field parameters and atomic charges are required. Because these parameters are generally obtained by quantum chemical methods, an appropriate simplified model for the iron-porphyrin system was needed. In this study, two models with a five-coordinated Fe(III) mimicking the sextet spin state of P450s are proposed, which are optimized by semiempirical and ab initio unrestricted Hartree-Fock methods. The results produced using the simpler of the two models were similar to those of the more complex model; therefore, the more simplified model of P450 can be used without a loss of accuracy. Furthermore, several quantum chemical calculations were carried out on the simpler model to investigate which method was most suitable for iron-porphyrin systems. The results calculated by hybrid density functional theory (DFT), with the MIDI basis set for iron, reproduced the three-dimensional structures determined by X-ray diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure experiments. From these results, atomic charges and force-field parameters for molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Oda
- Discovery Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co, Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama 930-8508, Japan.
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