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Alshehab M, Budamagunta MS, Voss JC, Nitin N. Real-time measurements of milk fat globule membrane modulation during simulated intestinal digestion using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110511. [PMID: 31600680 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Milk Fat Globules with their unique interfacial structure and membrane composition are a key nutritional source for mammalian infants, however, there is a limited understanding of the dynamics of fat digestion in these structures. Lipid digestion is an interfacial process involving interactions of enzymes and bile salts with the interface of suspended lipid droplets in an aqueous environment. In this study, we have developed an electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy approach to evaluate real time dynamics of milk fat globules interfacial structure during simulated intestinal digestion. To measure these dynamics, natural milk fat globule membrane was labeled with EPR-active probe, partitioning of EPR probes into MFGs membrane was validated using saturation-recovery measurements and calculation of the depth parameter Φ. After validation, the selected spin probe was used to evaluate the membrane's fluidity as a measure of the interface's modulation in the presence of bile salts and pancreatic lipase. Independently, bile salts were found to have a rigidifying effect on the spin probed MFGM, while pancreatic lipase resulted in an increase in membrane fluidity. When combined, the effect of lipase appears to be diminished in the presence of bile salts. These results indicate the efficacy of EPR in providing an insight into small time scale molecular dynamics of phospholipid interfaces in milk fat globules. Understanding interfacial dynamics of naturally occurring complex structures can significantly aid in understanding the role of interfacial composition and structural complexity in delivery of nutrients during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alshehab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Madhu S Budamagunta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - John C Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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2
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Kuentz M. Drug supersaturation during formulation digestion, including real-time analytical approaches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 142:50-61. [PMID: 30445096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-emulsifying and other lipid-based drug delivery systems have drawn considerable interest from pharmaceutical scientists for managing oral delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds. Following administration, self-emulsifying systems exhibit complex aqueous dispersion and digestion in the gastro-intestinal tract. These processes generally result in drug supersaturation, which leads to enhanced absorption or the high drug concentrations may cause precipitation with erratic and variable oral bioavailability. This review briefly outlines drug supersaturation obtained from self-emulsifying and other lipid-based formulations; recent advancements of in vitro lipolysis testing are also discussed. Further, a main focus is mechanisms by which supersaturation is triggered from gastro-intestinal processes, as well as analytical techniques that are promising from a research and development perspective. Comparatively simple approaches are presented together with more sophisticated process analytics to enable direct examination of kinetic changes. The analytical methods together with their sensor probes are discussed in detail to clarify opportunities as well as technical limitations. Some of the more sophisticated methods, including those based on synchrotron radiation, are primarily research oriented despite interesting experimental findings from an industrial viewpoint. The availability of kinetic data further opens the door to mathematical modeling of supersaturation and precipitation versus permeation, which lays the groundwork for better in vitro to in vivo correlations as well as for physiologically-based modeling of lipid-based systems.
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3
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Does the commonly used pH-stat method with back titration really quantify the enzymatic digestibility of lipid drug delivery systems? A case study on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:194-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rezhdo O, Speciner L, Carrier R. Lipid-associated oral delivery: Mechanisms and analysis of oral absorption enhancement. J Control Release 2016; 240:544-560. [PMID: 27520734 PMCID: PMC5082615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The majority of newly discovered oral drugs are poorly water soluble, and co-administration with lipids has proven effective in significantly enhancing bioavailability of some compounds with low aqueous solubility. Yet, lipid-based delivery technologies have not been widely employed in commercial oral products. Lipids can impact drug transport and fate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through multiple mechanisms including enhancement of solubility and dissolution kinetics, enhancement of permeation through the intestinal mucosa, and triggering drug precipitation upon lipid emulsion depletion (e.g., by digestion). The effect of lipids on drug absorption is currently not quantitatively predictable, in part due to the multiple complex dynamic processes that can be impacted by lipids. Quantitative mechanistic analysis of the processes significant to lipid system function and overall impact on drug absorption can aid in the understanding of drug-lipid interactions in the GI tract and exploitation of such interactions to achieve optimal lipid-based drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the impact of co-delivered lipids and lipid digestion on drug dissolution, partitioning, and absorption in the context of the experimental tools and associated kinetic expressions used to study and model these processes. The potential benefit of a systems-based consideration of the concurrent multiple dynamic processes occurring upon co-dosing lipids and drugs to predict the impact of lipids on drug absorption and enable rational design of lipid-based delivery systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oljora Rezhdo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Lauren Speciner
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Rebecca Carrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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5
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Stillhart C, Kuentz M. Trends in the Assessment of Drug Supersaturation and Precipitation In Vitro Using Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2468-2476. [PMID: 26935881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The generation of drug supersaturation close to the absorptive site is an important mechanism of how several formulation technologies enhance oral absorption and bioavailability. Lipid-based formulations belong to the supersaturating drug delivery systems although this is not the only mechanism of how drug absorption is promoted in vivo. Different methods to determine drug supersaturation and precipitation from lipid-based formulations are described in the literature. Experimental in vitro setups vary according to their complexity and proximity to the in vivo conditions and, therefore, some tests are used for early formulation screening, while others better qualify for a later stage of development. The present commentary discusses this rapidly evolving field of in vitro testing with a special focus on the advancements in analytical techniques and new approaches of mechanistic modeling. The importance of considering a drug absorption sink is particularly emphasized. This commentary should help formulators in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia to make informed decisions on how to conduct in vitro tests for lipid-based delivery systems and to decide on the implications of experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.
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6
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Phan S, Salentinig S, Prestidge CA, Boyd BJ. Self-assembled structures formed during lipid digestion: characterization and implications for oral lipid-based drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 4:275-94. [PMID: 25786882 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of lipid-based formulations for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. After ingestion of the formulation, exposure to the gastrointestinal environment results in dispersion and digestion processes, leading to the production of amphiphilic digestion products that form self-assembled structures in the aqueous environment of the intestine. These structures are crucial for the maintenance of drug in a solubilized state prior to absorption. This review describes the structural techniques used to study such systems, the structures formed in assembled 'equilibrium' compositions where components are combined in expected ratios representative of the endpoint of digestion, structures formed using dynamic in vitro 'non-equilibrium' digestion models where the composition and hence structures present change over time and observations from ex vivo aspirated samples. Possible future directions towards an improved understanding of the structural aspects of lipid digestion are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Phan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Hassan TH, Mäder K. Novel semisolid SNEDDS based on PEG-30-di-(polyhydroxystearate): Progesterone incorporation and in vitro digestion. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kollipara S, Gandhi RK. Pharmacokinetic aspects and in vitro-in vivo correlation potential for lipid-based formulations. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:333-49. [PMID: 26579403 PMCID: PMC4629105 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations have been an attractive choice among novel drug delivery systems for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs due to their ability to keep the drug in solubilized state in the gastrointestinal tract. These formulations offer multiple advantages such as reduction in food effect and inter-individual variability, ease of preparation, and the possibility of manufacturing using common excipients available in the market. Despite these advantages, very few products are available in the present market, perhaps due to limited knowledge in the in vitro tests (for prediction of in vivo fate) and lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical aspects of lipid formulations after oral administration. The current review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the in vivo processing steps involved after oral administration of lipid formulations, their pharmacokinetic aspects and in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) perspectives. Various pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical aspects such as formulation dispersion and lipid digestion, bioavailability enhancement mechanisms, impact of excipients on efflux transporters, and lymphatic transport are discussed with examples. In addition, various IVIVC approaches towards predicting in vivo data from in vitro dispersion/precipitation, in vitro lipolysis and ex vivo permeation studies are also discussed in detail with help of case studies.
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Key Words
- ADME, absorption/distribution/metabolism/elimination
- AUC, area under the curve
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BDDCS, biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system
- CACO, human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
- CMC, critical micellar concentration
- CYP, cytochrome
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- DDS, drug delivery systems
- Efflux transporters
- FaSSGF, fasted-state simulated gastric fluid
- FaSSIF, fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid
- FeSSIF, fed-state simulated intestinal fluid
- Food effect
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- IVIVC
- IVIVC, in vitro in vivo correlation
- LCT, long chain triglyceride
- LFCS, lipid formulation classification system
- Lipolysis
- Lymphatic delivery
- MCT, medium chain triglyceride
- MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney cells
- NCE, new chemical entity
- P-app, apparent permeability
- P-gp, permeability glycoprotein
- Pharmacokinetics
- SCT, short chain triglyceride
- SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- SMEDDS, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
- Vit E, vitamin E
- log P, n-octanol/water partition coefficient
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9
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Buyukozturk F, Di Maio S, Budil DE, Carrier RL. Effect of ingested lipids on drug dissolution and release with concurrent digestion: a modeling approach. Pharm Res 2014; 30:3131-44. [PMID: 24234918 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To mechanistically study and model the effect of lipids, either from food or self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), on drug transport in the intestinal lumen. METHODS Simultaneous lipid digestion, dissolution/release, and drug partitioning were experimentally studied and modeled for two dosing scenarios: solid drug with a food-associated lipid (soybean oil) and drug solubilized in amodel SEDDS (soybean oil and Tween 80 at 1:1 ratio). Rate constants for digestion, permeability of emulsion droplets, and partition coefficients in micellar and oil phases were measured, and used to numerically solve the developed model. RESULTS Strong influence of lipid digestion on drug release from SEDDS and solid drug dissolution into food-associated lipid emulsion was observed and predicted by the developed model. Ninety minutes after introduction of SEDDS, there was 9% and 70% drug release in the absence and presence of digestion, respectively. However, overall drug dissolution in the presence of food-associated lipids occurred over a longer period than without digestion. CONCLUSION A systems-based mechanistic model incorporating simultaneous dynamic processes occurring upon dosing of drug with lipids enabled prediction of aqueous drug concentration profile. This model, once incorporated with a pharmacokinetic model considering processes of drug absorption and drug lymphatic transport in the presence of lipids, could be highly useful for quantitative prediction of impact of lipids on bioavailability of drugs.
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10
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Torcello-Gómez A, Wulff-Pérez M, Gálvez-Ruiz MJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Cabrerizo-Vílchez M, Maldonado-Valderrama J. Block copolymers at interfaces: interactions with physiological media. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 206:414-27. [PMID: 24268588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triblock copolymers (also known as Pluronics or poloxamers) are biocompatible molecules composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks with different lengths. They have received much attention recently owing to their applicability for targeted delivery of hydrophobic compounds. Their unique molecular structure facilitates the formation of dynamic aggregates which are able to transport lipid soluble compounds. However, these structures can be unstable and tend to solubilize within the blood stream. The use of nanoemulsions as carriers for the lipid soluble compounds appears as a new alternative with improved protection against physiological media. The interfacial behavior of block copolymers is directly related to their peculiar molecular structure and further knowledge could provide a rational use in the design of poloxamer-stabilized nanoemulsions. This review aims to combine the new insights gained recently into the interfacial properties of block copolymers and their performance in nanoemulsions. Direct studies dealing with the interactions with physiological media are also reviewed in order to address issues relating metabolism degradation profiles. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and interfacial properties of block copolymers will allow their manipulation to modulate lipolysis, hence allowing the rational design of nanocarriers with efficient controlled release.
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11
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Thomas N, Holm R, Rades T, Müllertz A. Characterising lipid lipolysis and its implication in lipid-based formulation development. AAPS JOURNAL 2012; 14:860-71. [PMID: 22956477 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Facing the increasing number of poorly water-soluble drugs, pharmaceutical scientists are required to break new grounds for the delivery of these pharmaceutically problematic drugs. Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) have received increased interest as a novel drug delivery platform during the last decades and several successfully marketed products have shown the potential for LBDDS. However, there exists a discrepancy between the clear need for innovative delivery forms and their rational design. In the case of LBDDS, this can be attributed to the complexity of LBDDS after administration. Unlike conventional formulations, LBDDS are susceptible to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, the interplay of delivery system, drug and physiology ultimately effecting drug disposition. In vitro lipolysis has become an important technique to mimic the enzymatic degradation. For the better understanding of how LBDDS promote drug delivery, in vitro lipolysis requires advanced characterisation methods. In this review, the physiological background of lipid digestion is followed by a thorough summary of the techniques that are currently used to characterise in vitro lipolysis. It would be desirable that the increasing knowledge about LBDDS will foster their rationale development thereby increasing their broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Müllertz A, Fatouros DG, Smith JR, Vertzoni M, Reppas C. Insights into Intermediate Phases of Human Intestinal Fluids Visualized by Atomic Force Microscopy and Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy ex Vivo. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:237-47. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200286x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Müllertz
- Bioneer:FARMA, Department
of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, The Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios G. Fatouros
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - James R. Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St
Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis
15771 Zografou, Greece
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis
15771 Zografou, Greece
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Di Maio S, Carrier RL. Gastrointestinal contents in fasted state and post-lipid ingestion: In vivo measurements and in vitro models for studying oral drug delivery. J Control Release 2011; 151:110-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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McClements DJ, Li Y. Review of in vitro digestion models for rapid screening of emulsion-based systems. Food Funct 2010; 1:32-59. [PMID: 21776455 DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding and controlling the digestion of emulsified lipids within the food and pharmaceutical industries. Emulsion-based delivery systems are being developed to encapsulate, protect, and release non-polar lipids, vitamins, nutraceuticals, and drugs. These delivery systems are also being used to control the stability and digestion of lipids within the human gastrointestinal tract so as to create foods that enhance satiety and reduce hunger. In vitro digestion models are therefore needed to test the efficacy of different approaches of controlling lipid digestion under conditions that simulate the human gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the current status of in vitro digestion models for simulating lipid digestion, with special emphasis on the pH stat method. The pH stat method is particularly useful for the rapid screening of food emulsions and emulsion-based delivery systems with different compositions and structures. Successful candidates can then be tested with more rigorous in vitro digestion models, or using animal or human feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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15
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Day JPR, Rago G, Domke KF, Velikov KP, Bonn M. Label-Free Imaging of Lipophilic Bioactive Molecules during Lipid Digestion by Multiplex Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8433-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. R. Day
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Rago
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Krassimir P. Velikov
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Malaki Nik A, Wright AJ, Corredig M. Interfacial design of protein-stabilized emulsions for optimal delivery of nutrients. Food Funct 2010; 1:141-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00099j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Dahan A, Hoffman A. Rationalizing the selection of oral lipid based drug delivery systems by an in vitro dynamic lipolysis model for improved oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. J Control Release 2008; 129:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Porter CJ, Pouton CW, Cuine JF, Charman WN. Enhancing intestinal drug solubilisation using lipid-based delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:673-91. [PMID: 18155801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based delivery systems are finding increasing application in the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble, lipophilic drugs. Whilst lipidic dose forms may improve oral bioavailability via several mechanisms, enhancement of gastrointestinal solubilisation remains argueably the most important method of absorption enhancement. This review firstly describes the mechanistic rationale which underpins the use of lipid-based delivery systems to enhance drug solubilisation and briefly reviews the available literature describing increases in oral bioavailability after the administration of lipid solution, suspension and self-emulsifying formulations. The use of in vitro methods including dispersion tests and more complex models of in vitro lipolysis as indicators of potential in vivo performance are subsequently described, with particular focus on recent data which suggests that the digestion of surfactants present in lipid-based formulations may impact on formulation performance. Finally, a series of seven guiding principles for formulation design of lipid-based delivery systems are suggested based on an analysis of recent data generated in our laboratories and elsewhere.
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Fatouros DG, Mullertz A. In vitrolipid digestion models in design of drug delivery systems for enhancing oral bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007; 4:65-76. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.4.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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