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Li Y. DNA Adducts in Cancer Chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5113-5143. [PMID: 38552031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA adducting drugs, including alkylating agents and platinum-containing drugs, are prominent in cancer chemotherapy. Their mechanisms of action involve direct interaction with DNA, resulting in the formation of DNA addition products known as DNA adducts. While these adducts are well-accepted to induce cancer cell death, understanding of their specific chemotypes and their role in drug therapy response remain limited. This perspective aims to address this gap by investigating the metabolic activation and chemical characterization of DNA adducts formed by the U.S. FDA-approved drugs. Moreover, clinical studies on DNA adducts as potential biomarkers for predicting patient responses to drug efficacy are examined. The overarching goal is to engage the interest of medicinal chemists and stimulate further research into the use of DNA adducts as biomarkers for guiding personalized cancer treatment.
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Arshad M, Mahjabeen I, Raza A, Javaid S, Fazal Ul Haq M, Alam M, Khurshid A. In-Vitro Co-delivery of Decarbazine and Photosense using Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanocarrier for combinational therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102737. [PMID: 35077876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles are in new trend for drug delivery due to their good biodegradability properties. In this study, we have synthesized the PLGA nanoparticles by solvent evaporation method and loaded the decarbazine (DTIC, 5-3,3-(dimethyl-ltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide) and photosense (AlPc4) drug alone as well as combined with two different concentrations i-e 25 nM and 250 nM. No cytotoxicity (viability ∼ 100 %) was observed for different treatment arms either alone or in co-delivery of nano-formulation for Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell culture which showed the biocompatibility of carrier. On comparison, the Photodynamic therapy (PDT) alone showed more significant cell death then the combinational therapy (PDT + chemotherapy) at 2 joule /cm2 and 5 joule /cm2. Lower doses co-delivery showed light dose dependent toxicity to culture i.e., 0 % death @ 2 joule /cm2, ∼ 40 % death @ 5 joule /cm2. Gene expressions of four apoptosis related genes (CASP3, CASP9, PARP1 and P53) were quantified by RT-PCR which shows down regulation for all the treatment arms indicating the absence of apoptosis for the cell death during PDT and combinational therapy. It was concluded that apoptosis related genes were down-regulated and morphological changes i.e., swelling and disruption suggest that the mode of cell death was necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Arshad
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute for Lasers & Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Javaid
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Fazal Ul Haq
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmat Khurshid
- Nanophotomedicine Laboratory, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Uchida A, Ohtake H, Suzuki Y, Sato H, Seto Y, Onoue S, Oguchi T. Photochemically stabilized formulation of dacarbazine with reduced production of algogenic photodegradants. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:492-498. [PMID: 31022505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a photochemically stabilized formulation of dacarbazine [5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide; DTIC] for reducing the production of algogenic photodegradant (5-diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide; Diazo-IC). Photochemical properties of DTIC were characterized by UV-visible light spectral analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and photostability testing. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted after intravenous administration of DTIC formulations (1 mg-DTIC/kg) to rats. DTIC exhibited strong absorption in the UVA range, and photoirradiated DTIC exhibited marked ROS generation. Thus, DTIC had high photoreactive potential. After exposure of DTIC (1 mM) to simulated sunlight (250 W/m2) for 3 min, remaining DTIC and yielded Diazo-IC were estimated to be ca. 230 μM and 600 μM, respectively. The addition of radical scavenger (1 mM), including l-ascorbic acid, l-cysteine (Cys), l-histidine, D-mannitol, l-tryptophan, or l-tyrosine, to DTIC (1 mM) could attenuate DTIC photoreactions, and in particular, the addition of Cys to DTIC brought ca. 34% and 86% inhibition of DTIC photodegradation and Diazo-IC photogeneration, respectively. There were no significant differences in the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters of DTIC between DTIC and DTIC with Cys (0.67 mg/kg). From these findings, the supplementary use of Cys would be an effective approach to improve the photostability of DTIC with less production of Diazo-IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Ohtake
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Seto
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshio Oguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Guillon CD, Jan YH, Foster N, Ressner J, Heck DE, Laskin JD, Heindel ND. Synthetically modified methoxsalen for enhanced cytotoxicity in light and dark reactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:619-622. [PMID: 30638875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Linear furocoumarins, also known as psoralens, are clinically useful photo-activated pharmaceuticals employed to address hyperproliferative skin diseases. Seven diverse cytotoxic pharmacophores have been synthetically attached to 8-methoxypsoralen via a 5-amino functionality. The resulting unique set of compounds was evaluated for dark and light toxicity against PAM212 keratinocytes in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Natalie Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
| | - Joel Ressner
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ned D Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
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Pharmacokinetics of dacarbazine (DTIC) in pregnancy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:455-460. [PMID: 29305638 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this report is to describe, for the first time, the pharmacokinetics of dacarbazine (DTIC) and its metabolites [5-[3-methyl-triazen-1-yl]-imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), 5-[3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-triazen-1-yl]-imidazole-4-carboxamide (HMMTIC) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC)] during pregnancy (n = 2) and postpartum (n = 1). METHODS Non-compartmental DTIC, MTIC, HMMTIC, and AIC pharmacokinetics (PK) were estimated in one case at 29 week gestation and 18 day postpartum and a second case at 32 week gestation, in women receiving DTIC in combination with doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Drug concentrations were measured by HPLC. RESULTS In the subject who completed both pregnancy and postpartum study days, DTIC area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was 27% higher and metabolite AUCs were lower by 27% for HMMTIC, 38% for MTIC, and 83% of AIC during pregnancy compared to postpartum. At 7 and 9 year follow-up, both subjects were in remission of their Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Based on these two case reports, pregnancy appears to decrease the metabolism of the pro-drug dacarbazine, likely through inhibition of CYP1A2 activity. Lower concentrations of active metabolites and decreased efficacy may result, although both these subjects experienced long-term remission of their Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Wang Y, Chan HW, Chan W. Facile Formation of a DNA Adduct of Semicarbazide on Reaction with Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites in DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:834-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Wai Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Volkovova K, Bilanicova D, Bartonova A, Letašiová S, Dusinska M. Associations between environmental factors and incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Review. Environ Health 2012; 11 Suppl 1:S12. [PMID: 22759494 PMCID: PMC3388446 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-s1-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers. It is caused by neural crest-derived melanocytes - pigmented cells normally present in the epidermis and, sometimes, in the dermis. METHODS We performed a review of current knowledge on the risk factors of cutaneous melanoma. Relevant studies were identified using the PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, Scholar Google and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. RESULTS Melanoma incurs a considerable public health burden owing to the worldwide dramatic rise in incidence since the mid-1960s. Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the predominant environmental risk factor. The role of geographical (latitude) and individual factors such as skin type, life style, vitamin D levels and antioxidant protection, sunburn, and exposure to other environmental factors possibly contributing to melanoma risk (such as cosmetics including sunscreen, photosensitising drugs, and exogenous hormones) are reviewed in this article. Recently, both rare high risk susceptibility genes and common polymorphic genes contributing to melanoma risk have been identified. CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous melanoma is a complex cancer with heterogeneous aetiology that continues to increase in incidence. Introduction of new biomarkers may help to elucidate the mechanism of pathogenesis and individual susceptibility to the disease, and make both prevention and treatment more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmar Bilanicova
- Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Dusinska
- Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Oslo, Norway
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Mechanism of oxidative damage to DNA by Fe-loaded MCM-41 irradiated with visible light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sobotta L, Kachlicki P, Marczak L, Kryjewski M, Mielcarek J. Photochemical activity of glenvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fasani E, Manet I, Capobianco ML, Monti S, Pretali L, Albini A. Fluoroquinolones as potential photochemotherapeutic agents: covalent addition to guanosine monophosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3621-3. [PMID: 20571620 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The triplet aryl cation photochemically generated from fluoroquinolones bearing a fluoro atom at position 8 attacks guanosine monophosphate (k(r) > 10(9) M(-1)s(-1)) and forms covalent adducts. The reaction is a model for the implementation of oxygen-independent photochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasani
- Dip. Chimica Organica, Università di Pavia, viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Italy
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Rinnab L, Ringhoffer M, Mayer-Steinacker R, Hautmann R, Simon J. Prävention, Früherkennung und Behandlung von Zytostatikaparavasaten. Urologe A 2009; 48:1283-4, 1286-90, 1292-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-009-2103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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