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Seiler VK, Weber S, Börner M, Witting M, Ehlers S, Nagel N. In-situ investigation of solid phase evolution during lyophilization of mannitol-based antibody formulations using an XRPD climate chamber. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 184:106407. [PMID: 36809814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline mannitol is commonly used as bulking agent in antibody formulations to provide structure to the lyophilized cake and prevent collapse. Depending on the lyophilization process conditions mannitol can either crystallize as α-, β-, δ-mannitol, mannitol-hemihydrate, or transition to its amorphous state. While crystalline mannitol helps to create a firmer cake structure this is not true for amorphous mannitol. The hemihydrate is also an undesired physical form as it may reduce the drug product stability by releasing bound water molecules into the cake. Our aim was to simulate lyophilization processes in an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) climate chamber. In the climate chamber, the process can be carried out fast with low sample quantities to determine optimal process conditions. Insights on the emergence of desired anhydrous mannitol forms helps to adjust the process parameters in larger scale freeze-dryers. In our study we have identified the critical process steps for our formulations and then varied relevant process parameters, which were the annealing temperature, annealing time and temperature ramp rate of the freeze-drying process. Furthermore, the effect of the presence of antibodies on excipient crystallization was investigated by performing the studies on placebo solutions versus two respective antibody formulations. A comparison of the products obtained in a freeze-dryer and the simulated process in the climate chamber showed good accordance demonstrating the method as suitable tool to identify ideal process conditions on a laboratory scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa K Seiler
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Markus Börner
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Madeleine Witting
- Biologics Drug Product Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Sarah Ehlers
- Biologics Drug Product Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Norbert Nagel
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany.
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Chakravarty P, Dash A, Shalaev E, Sun CC, Zhang GGZ, Thakral S. Professor Raj Suryanarayanan: Scientist, Educator, Mentor, Family Man and Giant in Pharmaceutical Research. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2-7. [PMID: 36332722 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This special edition of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is dedicated to Professor Raj Suryanarayanan (Professor and William & Mildred Peters Endowed Chair, University of Minnesota, School of Pharmacy) and honors his extensive and distinguished career as a scientist, educator and mentor. The goal of this commentary is to provide an overview of Professor Suryanarayanan's noteworthy career path and summarize his key research contributions. The commentary concludes with the personal summaries by guest editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Chakravarty
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Alekha Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Abbvie, 2525 DuPont Dr, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Geoff G Z Zhang
- Development Sciences, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Seema Thakral
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States.
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3
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Applications of synchrotron powder X-ray diffractometry in drug substance and drug product characterization. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sonje J, Thakral S, Suryanarayanan R. t-Butanol Enables Dual Functionality of Mannitol: A Cryoprotectant in Frozen Systems and Bulking Agent in Freeze-Dried Formulations. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3075-3086. [PMID: 32633520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) as a cosolvent on the phase behavior of mannitol in frozen and freeze-dried systems was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD; laboratory and synchrotron sources). Solutions of mannitol (2 and 5% w/w) in TBA-water systems of different compositions (5 to 30% w/w TBA) were characterized, both during cooling and warming using DSC and XRD. At and below the TBA-water eutectic composition (22.5% w/w TBA), mannitol crystallization was completely inhibited in the frozen state, while it crystallized as anhydrous δ-mannitol in the final lyophile. The presence of mannitol did not affect the phase behavior of TBA. The ability of mannitol to serve as a cryoprotectant in frozen solutions, and as a bulking agent in final lyophile was evaluated using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein. When HSA in a TBA (5% w/w)-water solution containing mannitol (2% w/w) was freeze-thawed or freeze-dried, there was no evidence of HSA aggregation. Thus, when TBA was used as a cosolvent, mannitol exhibited dual functionality, serving as a cryoprotectant in frozen solutions and as a bulking agent in the final lyophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Sonje
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seema Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Thakral NK, Zanon RL, Kelly RC, Thakral S. Applications of Powder X-Ray Diffraction in Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals: Achievements and Aspirations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2969-2982. [PMID: 30145209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction and its potential to elucidate crystal symmetry, powder X-ray diffraction has found diverse applications in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. This review summarizes significant achievements of the technique during various stages of dosage form development. Improved understanding of the principle involved and development of automated hardware and reliable software have led to increased instrumental sensitivity and improved data analysis. These advances continue to expand the applications of powder X-ray diffraction to emerging research fields such as amorphous systems, mechanistic understanding of phase transformations, and "Quality by Design" in formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger L Zanon
- Upsher-Smith Laboratories LLC, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55369
| | | | - Seema Thakral
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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Ouyang L, Zheng T, Shen L. Direct observation of α- to β-glycine transformation during the ionic liquid-mediated crystallization process. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of in situ powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to monitor the polymorphic transformation and crystallization of glycine from an ionic liquid–water system is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
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Mutual Influence of Mannitol and Trehalose on Crystallization Behavior in Frozen Solutions. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1413-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Anzar M, Grochulski P, Bonnet B. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction to detect glass or ice formation in the vitrified bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes and morulae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114801. [PMID: 25536435 PMCID: PMC4275205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrification of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) is not as successful as bovine embryos, due to oocyte's complex structure and chilling sensitivity. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), a powerful method to study crystal structure and phase changes, was used to detect the glass or ice formation in water, tissue culture medium (TCM)-199, vitrification solution 2 (VS2), and vitrified bovine COCs and morulae. Data revealed Debye's rings and peaks associated with the hexagonal ice crystals at 3.897, 3.635, 3.427, 2.610, 2.241, 1.912 and 1.878 Å in both water and TCM-199, whereas VS2 showed amorphous (glassy) appearance, at 102K (−171°C). An additional peak of sodium phosphate monobasic hydrate (NaH2PO4.H2O) crystals was observed at 2.064 Å in TCM-199 only. All ice and NaH2PO4.H2O peaks were detected in the non-vitrified (control) and vitrified COCs, except two ice peaks (3.145 and 2.655 Å) were absent in the vitrified COCs. The intensities of majority of ice peaks did not differ between the non-vitrified and vitrified COCs. The non-vitrified bovine morulae in TCM-199 demonstrated all ice- and NaH2PO4.H2O-associated Debye's rings and peaks, found in TCM-199 alone. There was no Debye's ring present in the vitrified morulae. In conclusion, SXRD is a powerful method to confirm the vitrifiability of a solution and to detect the glass or ice formation in vitrified cells and tissues. The vitrified bovine COCs exhibited the hexagonal ice crystals instead of glass formation whereas the bovine morulae underwent a typical vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anzar
- Cryobiology Lab, Canadian Animal Genetic Resource Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Center, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mehta M, Bhardwaj SP, Suryanarayanan R. Controlling the physical form of mannitol in freeze-dried systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Beyond Glass Transitions: Studying the Highly Viscous and Elastic Behavior of Frozen Protein Formulations Using Low Temperature Rheology and Its Potential Implications on Protein Stability. Pharm Res 2012; 30:387-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Surovtsev NV, Adichtchev SV, Malinovsky VK, Ogienko AG, Drebushchak VA, Manakov AY, Ancharov AI, Yunoshev AS, Boldyreva EV. Glycine phases formed from frozen aqueous solutions: Revisited. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:065103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4739532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Calorimetry and complementary techniques to characterize frozen and freeze-dried systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:384-95. [PMID: 22210136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilization is a commonly used drying technique for thermolabile pharmaceuticals. Crystallization of formulation components may occur during various stages of the freeze-drying process. In frozen solutions, while crystallization of bulking agents is desirable, both from processing and product-elegance perspectives, buffer salt crystallization can cause a significant pH shift. Lyoprotectants (compounds that protect macromolecules, both during freeze-drying and subsequent storage) are effective only when retained amorphous. This review presents numerous applications of differential scanning calorimetry to characterize pharmaceutical systems in frozen state. These studies are aimed at defining the processing parameters and optimizing the freeze-drying cycle. Low temperature pH measurement and sub-ambient X-ray diffractometry served as excellent complementary tools in the characterization of frozen systems. The phase behavior of the systems during annealing (of frozen solutions), primary and secondary drying were monitored by X-ray diffractometry. Finally, the interplay of formulation composition and processing parameters on the development and optimization of freeze-drying cycles are reviewed.
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Sundaramurthi P, Burcusa MR, Suryanarayanan R. Physical characterization of pentamidine isethionate during freeze-drying-relevance to development of stable lyophilized product. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1732-43. [PMID: 22271285 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform physical characterization of pentamidine isethionate (PI) in frozen and freeze-dried systems and to monitor the phase behavior during all the stages of freeze-drying. Frozen aqueous PI solutions as well as the final lyophiles were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry. The effect of cosolutes, cosolvents, and processing conditions on the PI crystallization behavior during freeze-drying was evaluated. In frozen aqueous solutions, irrespective of the cooling rate and the initial solute concentration, PI readily crystallized as a trihydrate (C(19) H(24) N(4) O(2) ·3H(2) O). It dehydrated to a poorly crystalline anhydrate upon drying at 100 mTorr. The presence of a readily crystallizing cosolute or an organic cosolvent did not influence the physical form of PI in the final lyophile. On the contrary, even in the absence of cosolutes and cosolvents, the crystalline trihydrate was retained when the chamber pressure was increased to 500 mTorr. By altering the drying conditions, it was possible to obtain either a crystalline trihydrate or a poorly crystalline anhydrate. The stability of PI is dependent on its physical form and only the amorphous PI undergoes discoloration. The PI stability can be enhanced by retaining it in a crystalline state in the lyophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Sundaramurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Sundaramurthi P, Suryanarayanan R. Thermophysical Properties of Carboxylic and Amino Acid Buffers at Subzero Temperatures: Relevance to Frozen State Stabilization. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7154-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202167p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Sundaramurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Scientific Affairs, Teva Parenteral Medicines Inc., 11 Hughes, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Brittain HG. Polymorphism and Solvatomorphism 2009. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1260-79. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Influence of Crystallizing and Non-crystallizing Cosolutes on Trehalose Crystallization During Freeze-Drying. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2384-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sundaramurthi P, Shalaev E, Suryanarayanan R. Calorimetric and Diffractometric Evidence for the Sequential Crystallization of Buffer Components and the Consequential pH Swing in Frozen Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4915-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100531v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Sundaramurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06349
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06349
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06349
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