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Kumari A, Kaur A, Aggarwal G. The emerging potential of siRNA nanotherapeutics in treatment of arthritis. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100845. [PMID: 37881798 PMCID: PMC10594572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) has shown potential as a therapeutic option for the treatment of arthritis by silencing specific genes. However, siRNA delivery faces several challenges, including stability, targeting, off-target effects, endosomal escape, immune response activation, intravascular degradation, and renal clearance. A variety of nanotherapeutics like lipidic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been developed to improve siRNA cellular uptake, protect it from degradation, and enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Researchers are also investigating chemical modifications and bioconjugation to reduce its immunogenicity. This review discusses the potential of siRNA nanotherapeutics as a therapeutic option for various immune-mediated diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc. siRNA nanotherapeutics have shown an upsurge of interest and the future looks promising for such interdisciplinary approach-based modalities that combine the principles of molecular biology, nanotechnology, and formulation sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Centre for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi 110017, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Centre for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi 110017, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
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2
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Zhang Y, Cai R, Li H, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Jing W, Lv S, Chu X, Cao Z, Yang L, Ming L. Construction of a target MSNs drugcarrier loaded with siRNA GLI1 and siRNA SMO aim at hedgehog signal pathway and the pharmacodynamic study of drug-carriers in the treatment of leukemia stem cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2463-2473. [PMID: 35113326 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for leukemia initiation and targeting LSCs is one strategy to treat this disease. This study aims to target LSCs using multi-siRNA loaded antibodies modified with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Here, both siRNAGLI1 and siRNASMO were loaded in an anti-CD34 antibody modified with MSNs, and then, the MSN@siRNAGLI1@Antibody + MSNs@siRNASMO@Antibody cocktail was used to target LSCs. Expression levels of BCL-2 in LSCs were significantly reduced whereas Bax expression was significantly increased after treatment with nano-drug carriers. In addition, these nano-drug carriers also effectively induced the apoptosis of LSCs. The MSNs@siRNAGLI1@Antibody + MSNs@siRNASMO@Antibody cocktail significantly inhibited LSCs. In short, we constructed two target MSN nano-drug carriers where loaded siRNAs can be used in a chemotherapeutic drug cocktail to improve the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Zhengzhou No.7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, Henan, China
| | - HaiJun Li
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - ShaoGang Lv
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Herman L, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Pulmonary surfactant as a versatile biomaterial to fight COVID-19. J Control Release 2021; 342:170-188. [PMID: 34813878 PMCID: PMC8605818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has wielded an enormous pressure on global health care systems, economics and politics. Ongoing vaccination campaigns effectively attenuate viral spreading, leading to a reduction of infected individuals, hospitalizations and mortality. Nevertheless, the development of safe and effective vaccines as well as their global deployment is time-consuming and challenging. In addition, such preventive measures have no effect on already infected individuals and can show reduced efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants that escape vaccine-induced host immune responses. Therefore, it is crucial to continue the development of specific COVID-19 targeting therapeutics, including small molecular drugs, antibodies and nucleic acids. However, despite clear advantages of local drug delivery to the lung, inhalation therapy of such antivirals remains difficult. This review aims to highlight the potential of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of COVID-19. Since SARS-CoV-2 infection can progress to COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS), which is associated with PS deficiency and inflammation, replacement therapy with exogenous surfactant can be considered to counter lung dysfunction. In addition, due to its surface-active properties and membrane-interaction potential, PS can be repurposed to enhance drug spreading along the respiratory epithelium and to promote intracellular drug delivery. By merging these beneficial features, PS can be regarded as a versatile biomaterial to combat respiratory infections, in particular COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Herman
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Fattal E, Fay F. Nanomedicine-based delivery strategies for nucleic acid gene inhibitors in inflammatory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113809. [PMID: 34033819 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their abilities to modulate the expression of virtually any genes, RNA therapeutics have attracted considerable research efforts. Among the strategies focusing on nucleic acid gene inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs have reached advanced clinical trial phases with several of them having recently been marketed. These successes were obtained by overcoming stability and cellular delivery issues using either chemically modified nucleic acids or nanoparticles. As nucleic acid gene inhibitors are promising strategies to treat inflammatory diseases, this review focuses on the barriers, from manufacturing issues to cellular/subcellular delivery, that still need to be overcome to deliver the nucleic acids to sites of inflammation other than the liver. Furthermore, key examples of applications in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel, and lung diseases are presented as case studies of systemic, oral, and lung nucleic acid delivery.
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Lokras A, Thakur A, Wadhwa A, Thanki K, Franzyk H, Foged C. Optimizing the Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutic Anti-inflammatory TNF-α siRNA to Activated Macrophages Using Lipidoid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:601155. [PMID: 33520957 PMCID: PMC7841370 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.601155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has an unprecedented potential as a therapeutic strategy for reversibly silencing the expression of any gene. Therapeutic delivery of the RNAi mediator, i.e., small interfering RNA (siRNA), can be used to address diseases characterized by gene overexpression, for example inflammatory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Macrophages play a key role in COPD pathogenesis and are recruited to the airways and lung parenchyma, where they release proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Hence, targeting TNF-α with siRNA is a promising therapeutic approach for COPD management. However, a safe and effective delivery system is required for delivery of TNF-α siRNA into the cytosol of hard-to-transfect macrophages. The purpose of this study was to optimize the intracellular delivery of TNF-α siRNA to the lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 using lipidoid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) composed of the lipid-like transfection agent lipidoid 5 (L5) and the biodegradable polymer poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide). Applying a quality-by-design approach, the influence of critical formulation variables, i.e., the L5 content and the L5:siRNA ratio (w/w), on critical quality attributes (CQAs) was investigated systematically using risk assessment and design of experiments, followed by delineation of an optimal operating space (OOS). The CQAs were identified based on the quality target product profile and included size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and loading for achieving efficient and safe TNF-α gene silencing in activated RAW 264.7 cells. Formulations inducing efficient gene silencing and low cytotoxicity were identified, and the optimal formulations displayed L5 contents of 15 and 20% (w/w), respectively, and an L5:siRNA weight ratio of 15:1. All tested formulations within the OOS mediated efficient and sequence-specific TNF-α gene silencing in RAW 264.7 cells at TNF-α-siRNA concentrations, which were significantly lower than the concentrations required of non-encapsulated TNF-α-siRNA, highlighting the benefit of the delivery system. The results also demonstrate that increasing the loading of siRNA into the delivery system does not necessarily imply enhanced gene silencing. This opens new avenues for further exploitation of LPNs as a robust platform technology for delivering TNF-α siRNA to macrophages, e.g., in the management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Lokras
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abishek Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Hosseinzadeh L, Nemati H, Nemati N, Sadeghi M. Spherical Gold Nanoparticles: Small Interfering RNA Delivery in Regulation of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Gene Expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:490-496. [PMID: 32865449 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are signaling molecules that are expelled from immune cells like macrophages and other types of cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is overexpressed during inflammation caused by inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the regulation of TNF-α has a key role in inflammation. The use and target delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) provide many effectual treatment benefits in the regulation of gene expression in cells. In this study, we used siRNA nanoparticle conjugates in the regulation of gene expression and inflammation. We first prepared safe fusion ribonucleic acid interference carrier, spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates (SNA-NCs), to enhance the perforation of siRNA into the macrophages and their ability to target TNF-α gene regulation. Furthermore, the suppression of the TNF-α gene was monitored after curing macrophages by SNA-NCs. Gene expression was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction in cells and the levels of TNF-α were investigated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. This study indicated that the SNA-NCs were safe and very stable. TNF-α siRNA could significantly regulate gene expression in cells to form SNA-NCs. The results indicated that TNF-α gene expression downregulated to 93.40% ± 1.45%, 66.06% ± 0.95%, and 35.76% ± 1.09% in the presence of 0.1, 1, and 10 nM siRNA, respectively. The proliferation of macrophages and subsequently expression of TNF-α were significant for the formation of inflammation. These findings showed that the use of SNA-NC siRNA might ameliorate the inflammatory disease by suppression of gene expression and functional activity of macrophage generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Houshang Nemati
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Narges Nemati
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Bohr A, Tsapis N, Foged C, Andreana I, Yang M, Fattal E. Treatment of acute lung inflammation by pulmonary delivery of anti-TNF-α siRNA with PAMAM dendrimers in a murine model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:114-120. [PMID: 32798665 PMCID: PMC7425770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of nucleic acid-based therapeutics, e.g., small interfering RNA (siRNA), transfection agents are needed for efficient delivery into cells. Several classes of dendrimers have been found useful as transfection agents for the delivery of siRNA because their surface can readily be functionalized, and the size of the dendriplexes they form with siRNA is within the range of conventional nanomedicine. In this study, commercially available generation 3 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer was investigated for pulmonary delivery of siRNA directed against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α for the treatment of acute lung inflammation. Delivery efficiency was assessed in vitro in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and efficacy was evaluated in vivo in a murine model of LPS-induced lung inflammation upon pre-treatment with TNF-α siRNA. The PAMAM dendrimer-siRNA complexes (dendriplexes) displayed strong siRNA condensation and high cellular uptake in macrophages compared with non-complexed siRNA. Q-PCR analyses showed that the dendriplexes mediated efficient and specific TNF-α silencing in vitro, as compared to non-complexed siRNA and dendriplexes with negative control siRNA. Also in vivo, the PAMAM dendriplexes induced efficacious TNF-α siRNA inhibition, as compared to non-complexed siRNA, upon pulmonary administration to mice with LPS-induced lung inflammation. Hence, these data suggest that PAMAM dendrimers are promising for the local delivery of TNF-α siRNA in the treatment of lung inflammation via pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bohr
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilaria Andreana
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Nanoparticle-siRNA: A potential strategy for rheumatoid arthritis therapy? J Control Release 2020; 325:380-393. [PMID: 32653501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common clinical inflammatory disease of the autoimmune system manifested by persistent synovitis, cartilage damage and even deformities. Despite significant progress in the clinical treatment of RA, long-term administration of anti-rheumatic drugs can cause a series of problems, including infections, gastrointestinal reactions, and abnormal liver and kidney functions. The emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) drugs has brought new hope for the treatment of RA. Designing a reasonable vector for RNAi drugs will greatly expand the application prospects of RNAi. Nanoparticles as a promising drug carrier provide reliable support for RNAi drugs. The review summarizes the pathogenesis of RA as a possible target for small interference RNA (siRNA) design. At the same time, the review also analyzes the nanoparticles used in siRNA carriers in recent years, laying the foundation and prospect for the next step in the development of intelligent nanocarriers.
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Ahamad N, Prabhakar A, Mehta S, Singh E, Bhatia E, Sharma S, Banerjee R. Trigger-responsive engineered-nanocarriers and image-guided theranostics for rheumatoid arthritis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12673-12697. [PMID: 32524107 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), one of the leading causes of disability due to progressive autoimmune destruction of synovial joints, affects ∼1% of the global population. Standard therapy helps in reducing inflammation and delaying the progression of RA but is limited by non-responsiveness on long-term use and several side-effects. The conventional nanocarriers (CNCs), to some extent, minimize toxicity associated with free drug administration while improving the therapeutic efficacy. However, the uncontrolled release of the encapsulated drug even at off-targeted organs limits the application of CNCs. To overcome these challenges, trigger-responsive engineered nanocarriers (ENCs) have been recently explored for RA treatment. Unlike CNCs, ENCs enable precise control over on-demand drug release due to endogenous triggers in arthritic paws like pH, enzyme level, oxidative stress, or exogenously applied triggers like near-infrared light, magnetic field, ultrasonic waves, etc. As the trigger is selectively applied to the inflamed joint, it potentially reduces toxicity at off-target locations. Moreover, ENCs have been strategically coupled with imaging probe(s) for simultaneous monitoring of ENCs inside the body and facilitate an 'image-guided-co-trigger' for site-specific action in arthritic paws. In this review, the progress made in recently emerging 'trigger-responsive' and 'image-guided theranostics' ENCs for RA treatment has been explored with emphasis on the design strategies, mechanism, current status, challenges, and translational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Ahamad
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India.
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Yu Z, Reynaud F, Lorscheider M, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Nanomedicines for the delivery of glucocorticoids and nucleic acids as potential alternatives in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1630. [PMID: 32202079 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 0.5-1% of the world population. Current treatments include on one hand non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids (GCs) for treating pain and on the other hand disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs such as methotrexate, Janus kinase inhibitors or biologics such as antibodies targeting mainly cytokine expression. More recently, nucleic acids such as siRNA, miRNA, or anti-miRNA have shown strong potentialities for the treatment of RA. This review discusses the way nanomedicines can target GCs and nucleic acids to inflammatory sites, increase drug penetration within inflammatory cells, achieve better subcellular distribution and finally protect drugs against degradation. For GCs such a targeting effect would allow the treatment to be more effective at lower doses and to reduce the administration frequency as well as to induce much fewer side-effects. In the case of nucleic acids, particularly siRNA, knocking down proteins involved in RA, could importantly be facilitated using nanomedicines. Finally, the combination of both siRNA and GCs in the same carrier allowed for the same cell to target both the GCs receptor as well as any other signaling pathway involved in RA. Nanomedicines appear to be very promising for the delivery of conventional and novel drugs in RA therapeutics. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yu
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Franceline Reynaud
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mathilde Lorscheider
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Dormenval C, Lokras A, Cano-Garcia G, Wadhwa A, Thanki K, Rose F, Thakur A, Franzyk H, Foged C. Identification of Factors of Importance for Spray Drying of Small Interfering RNA-Loaded Lipidoid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Inhalation. Pharm Res 2019; 36:142. [PMID: 31376020 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the recent approval of the first small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutic formulated as nanoparticles, there is increased incentive for establishing the factors of importance for the design of stable solid dosage forms of such complex nanomedicines. METHODS The aims of this study were: (i) to identify factors of importance for the design of spray-dried siRNA-loaded lipidoid-poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs), and (ii) to evaluate their influence on the resulting powders by using a quality-by-design approach. Critical formulation and process parameters were linked to critical quality attributes (CQAs) using design of experiments, and an optimal operating space (OOS) was identified. RESULTS A series of CQAs were identified based on the quality target product profile. The loading (ratio of LPNs to the total solid content) and the feedstock concentration were determined as critical parameters, which were optimized systematically. Mannitol was chosen as stabilizing excipient due to the low water content of the resulting powders. The loading negatively affected the colloidal stability of the LPNs, whereas feedstock concentration correlated positively with the powder particle size. The optimal mannitol-based solid formulation, defined from the OOS, displayed a loading of 5% (w/w), mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.3 ± 0.2 μm, yield of 60.6 ± 6.6%, and a size ratio of 1.15 ± 0.03. Dispersed micro-embedded LPNs had preserved physicochemical characteristics as well as in vitro siRNA release profile and gene silencing, as compared to non-spray-dried LPNs. CONCLUSION The optimal solid dosage forms represent robust formulations suitable for higher scale-up manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cypriane Dormenval
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abhijeet Lokras
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Guillermo Cano-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Abishek Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Fabrice Rose
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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12
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Jansen MAA, Klausen LH, Thanki K, Lyngsø J, Skov Pedersen J, Franzyk H, Nielsen HM, van Eden W, Dong M, Broere F, Foged C, Zeng X. Lipidoid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with TNF siRNA suppress inflammation after intra-articular administration in a murine experimental arthritis model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:38-48. [PMID: 31199978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease, which is characterized by painful chronic inflammation in the joints, and novel safe and efficacious treatments are urgently needed. RNA interference (RNAi) therapy based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach for silencing specific genes involved in inflammation. However, delivery of siRNA to the target site, i.e. the cytosol of immune cells, is a challenge. Here, we designed lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) composed of lipidoid and poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) loaded with a therapeutic cargo siRNA directed against the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which plays a key role in the progression of RA. We compared their efficacy and safety with reference lipidoid-based stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) in vitro and in vivo. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the mode of loading of siRNA in lamellar structures differs between the two formulations. Thus, siRNA was tightly packed in LPNs, while LPNs displayed lower adhesion than SNALPs. The LPNs mediated a higher TNF silencing effect in vitro than SNALPs in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line activated with lipopolysaccharide. For both types of delivery systems, macropinocytosis was involved in cellular uptake. In addition, clathrin-mediated endocytosis contributed to uptake of SNALPs. LPNs loaded with TNF siRNA mediated sequence-specific suppression of inflammation in a murine experimental arthritis model upon intra-articular administration. Hence, the present study demonstrates that LPN-mediated TNF knockdown constitutes a promising approach for arthritis therapy of TNF-mediated chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon A A Jansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lasse H Klausen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lyngsø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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14
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Palmerston Mendes L, Pan J, Torchilin VP. Dendrimers as Nanocarriers for Nucleic Acid and Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2017; 22:E1401. [PMID: 28832535 PMCID: PMC5600151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched polymers with easily modifiable surfaces. This makes them promising structures for functionalization and also for conjugation with drugs and DNA/RNA. Their architecture, which can be controlled by different synthesis processes, allows the control of characteristics such as shape, size, charge, and solubility. Dendrimers have the ability to increase the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. The drugs can be entrapped in the intramolecular cavity of the dendrimers or conjugated to their functional groups at their surface. Nucleic acids usually form complexes with the positively charged surface of most cationic dendrimers and this approach has been extensively employed. The presence of functional groups in the dendrimer's exterior also permits the addition of other moieties that can actively target certain diseases and improve delivery, for instance, with folate and antibodies, now widely used as tumor targeting strategies. Dendrimers have been investigated extensively in the medical field, and cancer treatment is one of the greatest areas where they have been most used. This review will consider the main types of dendrimer currently being explored and how they can be utilized as drug and gene carriers and functionalized to improve the delivery of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Palmerston Mendes
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, Brazil.
| | - Jiayi Pan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Agnoletti M, Bohr A, Thanki K, Wan F, Zeng X, Boetker JP, Yang M, Foged C. Inhalable siRNA-loaded nano-embedded microparticles engineered using microfluidics and spray drying. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 120:9-21. [PMID: 28780275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Medicines based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) are promising for the treatment of a number of lung diseases. However, efficient delivery systems and design of stable dosage forms are required for inhalation therapy, as well as cost-effective methods for manufacturing of the final product. In this study, a 3D-printed micromixer was used for preparation of siRNA-dendrimer nanocomplexes, which were subsequently processed into microparticle-based dry powders for inhalation using spray drying. By applying the disposable micromixer, nanocomplexes were prepared of an average hydrodynamic diameter comparable to that of nanocomplexes prepared by manual mixing, but with narrower size distribution and low batch-to-batch variation. The nanocomplexes were processed into nanoembedded microparticles using different saccharide excipients. Data showed that siRNA integrity and bioactivity are retained after processing, and nanocomplexes could be reconstituted from the dry powders. The amorphous saccharide excipients trehalose and inulin provided better stabilization than crystalline mannitol, and they enabled full reconstitution of the nanocomplexes. In particular, a binary mixture of trehalose and inulin showed optimal stabilization, and enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing efficiency. This study demonstrates that inexpensive and scalable micromixers can be used to optimize the production of siRNA-dendrimer nanocomplexes, and they can be applied in combination with spray drying for the engineering of dry powder formulations suitable for delivery of siRNA to the therapeutic target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Agnoletti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Adam Bohr
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Institut Galien, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry CEDEX, France.
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Johan Peter Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Thanki K, Zeng X, Justesen S, Tejlmann S, Falkenberg E, Van Driessche E, Mørck Nielsen H, Franzyk H, Foged C. Engineering of small interfering RNA-loaded lipidoid-poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) hybrid nanoparticles for highly efficient and safe gene silencing: A quality by design-based approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 120:22-33. [PMID: 28756280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Safety and efficacy of therapeutics based on RNA interference, e.g., small interfering RNA (siRNA), are dependent on the optimal engineering of the delivery technology, which is used for intracellular delivery of siRNA to the cytosol of target cells. We investigated the hypothesis that commonly used and poorly tolerated cationic lipids might be replaced with more efficacious and safe lipidoids as the lipid component of siRNA-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) for achieving more efficient gene silencing at lower and safer doses. However, formulation design of such a complex formulation is highly challenging due to a strong interplay between several contributing factors. Hence, critical formulation variables, i.e. the lipidoid content and siRNA:lipidoid ratio, were initially identified, followed by a systematic quality-by-design approach to define the optimal operating space (OOS), eventually resulting in the identification of a robust, highly efficacious and safe formulation. A 17-run design of experiment with an I-optimal approach was performed to systematically assess the effect of selected variables on critical quality attributes (CQAs), i.e. physicochemical properties (hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, siRNA encapsulation/loading) and the biological performance (in vitro gene silencing and cell viability). Model fitting of the obtained data to construct predictive models revealed non-linear relationships for all CQAs, which can be readily overlooked in one-factor-at-a-time optimization approaches. The response surface methodology further enabled the identification of an OOS that met the desired quality target product profile. The optimized lipidoid-modified LPNs revealed more than 50-fold higher in vitro gene silencing at well-tolerated doses and approx. a twofold increase in siRNA loading as compared to reference LPNs modified with the commonly used cationic lipid dioleyltrimethylammonium propane (DOTAP). Thus, lipidoid-modified LPNs show highly promising prospects for efficient and safe intracellular delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Thanki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah Justesen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah Tejlmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Emily Falkenberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Elize Van Driessche
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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17
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Bohr A, Tsapis N, Andreana I, Chamarat A, Foged C, Delomenie C, Noiray M, El Brahmi N, Majoral JP, Mignani S, Fattal E. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Anti-TNF-α SiRNA Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimer Nanocomplexes Administered Intranasally in a Murine Acute Lung Injury Model. Biomacromolecules 2017. [PMID: 28639789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of many lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or acute lung injury. Our purpose was to design efficient carriers for lung delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in an acute lung injury model. To achieve this goal, two different types of phosphorus-based dendrimers with either pyrrolidinium or morpholinium as terminal protonated amino groups were selected for their better biocompatibility compared to other dendrimers. Dendriplexes containing pyrrolidinium surface groups demonstrated a stronger siRNA complexation, a higher cellular uptake, and enhanced in vitro silencing efficiency of TNF-α in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, compared to morpholinium-containing dendriplexes. The better performance of the pyrrolidium dendriplexes was attributed to their higher pKa value leading to a stronger siRNA complexation and improved protection against enzymatic degradation resulting in a higher cellular uptake. The superior silencing effect of the pyrrolidinium dendriplexes, compared to noncomplexed siRNA, was confirmed in vivo in an LPS-induced murine model of short-term acute lung injury upon lung delivery via nasal administration. These data suggest that phosphorus dendriplexes have a strong potential in lung delivery of siRNA for treating inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bohr
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ilaria Andreana
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anais Chamarat
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudine Delomenie
- UMS IPSIT - US 31 INSERM - UMS 3679 CNRS - Université Paris-Sud - 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 860, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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18
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Alvarez MM, Liu JC, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Cha BH, Vishwakarma A, Ghaemmaghami AM, Khademhosseini A. Delivery strategies to control inflammatory response: Modulating M1-M2 polarization in tissue engineering applications. J Control Release 2016; 240:349-363. [PMID: 26778695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key players in many physiological scenarios including tissue homeostasis. In response to injury, typically the balance between macrophage sub-populations shifts from an M1 phenotype (pro-inflammatory) to an M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory). In tissue engineering scenarios, after implantation of any device, it is desirable to exercise control on this M1-M2 progression and to ensure a timely and smooth transition from the inflammatory to the healing stage. In this review, we briefly introduce the current state of knowledge regarding macrophage function and nomenclature. Next, we discuss the use of controlled release strategies to tune the balance between the M1 and M2 phenotypes in the context of tissue engineering applications. We discuss recent literature related to the release of anti-inflammatory molecules (including nucleic acids) and the sequential release of cytokines to promote a timely M1-M2 shift. In addition, we describe the use of macrophages as controlled release agents upon stimulation by physical and/or mechanical cues provided by scaffolds. Moreover, we discuss current and future applications of "smart" implantable scaffolds capable of controlling the cascade of biochemical events related to healing and vascularization. Finally, we provide our opinion on the current challenges and the future research directions to improve our understanding of the M1-M2 macrophage balance and properly exploit it in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Julie C Liu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; School of Chemical Engineering and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Byung-Hyun Cha
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ajaykumar Vishwakarma
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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De Backer L, Cerrada A, Pérez-Gil J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Bio-inspired materials in drug delivery: Exploring the role of pulmonary surfactant in siRNA inhalation therapy. J Control Release 2015; 220:642-50. [PMID: 26363301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many pathologies of the respiratory tract are inadequately treated with existing small molecule-based therapies. The emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) enables the post-transcriptional silencing of key molecular disease factors that cannot readily be targeted with conventional small molecule drugs. Pulmonary administration of RNAi effectors, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), allows direct delivery into the lung tissue, hence reducing systemic exposure. Unfortunately, the clinical translation of RNAi is severely hampered by inefficient delivery of siRNA therapeutics towards the cytoplasm of the target cells. In order to have a better control of the siRNA delivery process, both extra- and intracellular, siRNAs are typically formulated in nanosized delivery vehicles (nanoparticles, NPs). In the lower airways, which are the targeted sites of action for multiple pulmonary disorders, these siRNA-loaded NPs will encounter the pulmonary surfactant (PS) layer, covering the entire alveolar surface. The interaction between the instilled siRNA-loaded NPs and the PS at this nano-bio interface results in the adsorption of PS components onto the surface of the NPs. The formation of this so-called biomolecular corona conceals the original NP surface and will therefore profoundly determine the biological efficacy of the NP. Though this interplay has initially been regarded as a barrier towards efficient siRNA delivery to the respiratory target cell, recent reports have illustrated that the interaction with PS might also be beneficial for local pulmonary siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn De Backer
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Alejandro Cerrada
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, and Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, and Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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20
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De Backer L, Naessens T, De Koker S, Zagato E, Demeester J, Grooten J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Hybrid pulmonary surfactant-coated nanogels mediate efficient in vivo delivery of siRNA to murine alveolar macrophages. J Control Release 2015; 217:53-63. [PMID: 26307350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The local delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to the lungs may provide a therapeutic solution to a range of pulmonary disorders. Resident alveolar macrophages (rAM) in the bronchoalveolar lumen play a critical role in lung inflammatory responses and therefore constitute a particularly attractive target for siRNA therapeutics. However, achieving efficient gene silencing in the lung while avoiding pulmonary toxicity requires appropriate formulation of siRNA in functional nanocarriers. In this study, we evaluated pulmonary surfactant-coated dextran nanogels for the delivery of siRNA to rAM upon pharyngeal aspiration in BALB/c mice. Both the surfactant-coated and uncoated nanogels achieved high levels of siRNA uptake in rAM, yet only the surfactant-coated formulation could significantly reduce gene expression on the protein level. Surfactant-coated nanogels induced a profound downregulation of target mRNA levels, reaching 70% knockdown with ~1mgkg(-1) siRNA dose. In addition, only mild acute pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses were detected one day after nanoparticle aspiration, accompanied by a moderate neutrophil infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lumen. The latter could be substantially reduced by removal of excess surfactant from the formulation. Overall, our hybrid core-shell nanoparticles have demonstrated safe and effective siRNA delivery to rAM, providing a new therapeutic approach for treatment of inflammatory pathologies in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn De Backer
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Naessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium.
| | - Elisa Zagato
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jo Demeester
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Johan Grooten
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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22
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New Techniques to Assess In Vitro Release of siRNA from Nanoscale Polyplexes. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1957-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Soenen SJ, De Backer L, Manshian B, Doak S, Raemdonck K, Demeester J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt S. Unraveling the effects of siRNA carrier systems on cell physiology: a multiparametric approach demonstrated on dextran nanogels. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:61-76. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The extent of cell–nanoparticle interactions between a polycationic siRNA nanocarrier system (dextran nanogels) and cultured cells was analyzed. Materials & methods: A multiparametric methodology is introduced to examine the cytotoxic effects of a model siRNA carrier (dextran nanogels) on different cell types, including primary human cells. Using this methodology, the nontoxic concentration of nanogels could be defined and the mechanisms contributing to their toxic profile were unraveled. Results: Above the toxicity threshold, nanogels were found to induce oxidative stress and destabilize the plasma membrane. Furthermore, nanogel-induced cellular stress led to DNA damage, impeded cell functionality and intracellular signaling, resulting in unspecific regulation of gene expression. Conclusion: This methodology shows that current toxicity assays such as the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay are not adequate to assess the full spectrum of cell–nanoparticle interactions and more in-depth studies are required. Original submitted 8 May 2012; Revised submitted 3 December 2012; Published online 12 June 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan J Soenen
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- & Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn De Backer
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bella Manshian
- DNA Damage Group, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Shareen Doak
- DNA Damage Group, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- & Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Shcharbin D, Shakhbazau A, Bryszewska M. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer complexes as a platform for gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1687-98. [PMID: 24168461 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.853661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene therapy is one of the most effective ways to treat major infectious diseases, cancer and genetic disorders. It is based on several viral and non-viral systems for nucleic acid delivery. The number of clinical trials based on application of non-viral drug and gene delivery systems is rapidly increasing. AREAS COVERED This review discusses and summarizes recent advances in poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as effective gene carriers in vitro and in vivo, and their advantages and disadvantages relative to viral vectors and other non-viral systems (liposomes, linear polymers) are considered. EXPERT OPINION In this regard, dendrimers are non-immunogenic and have the highest efficiency of transfection among other non-viral systems, and none of the drawbacks characteristic for viral systems. The toxicity of dendrimers both in vitro and in vivo is an important question that has been addressed on many occasions. Several non-toxic and efficient multifunctional dendrimer-based conjugates for gene delivery, along with modifications to improve transfection efficiency while decreasing cytotoxicity, are discussed. Twelve paradigms that affected the development of dendrimer-based gene delivery are described. The conclusion is that dendrimers are promising candidates for gene delivery, but this is just the beginning and further studies are required before using them in human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB , Minsk , Belarus
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Dendrimers as carriers for siRNA delivery and gene silencing: a review. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:630654. [PMID: 24288498 PMCID: PMC3830781 DOI: 10.1155/2013/630654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) was first literaturally reported in 1998 and has become rapidly a promising tool for therapeutic applications in gene therapy. In a typical RNAi process, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are used to specifically downregulate the expression of the targeted gene, known as the term "gene silencing." One key point for successful gene silencing is to employ a safe and efficient siRNA delivery system. In this context, dendrimers are emerging as potential nonviral vectors to deliver siRNA for RNAi purpose. Dendrimers have attracted intense interest since their emanating research in the 1980s and are extensively studied as efficient DNA delivery vectors in gene transfer applications, due to their unique features based on the well-defined and multivalent structures. Knowing that DNA and RNA possess a similar structure in terms of nucleic acid framework and the electronegative nature, one can also use the excellent DNA delivery properties of dendrimers to develop effective siRNA delivery systems. In this review, the development of dendrimer-based siRNA delivery vectors is summarized, focusing on the vector features (siRNA delivery efficiency, cytotoxicity, etc.) of different types of dendrimers and the related investigations on structure-activity relationship to promote safe and efficient siRNA delivery system.
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Raemdonck K, Martens TF, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Polysaccharide-based nucleic acid nanoformulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1123-47. [PMID: 23680381 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of nucleic acids requires their encapsulation in nanosized carriers that enable safe and efficient intracellular delivery. Before the desired site of action is reached, drug-loaded nanoparticles (nanomedicines) encounter numerous extra- and intracellular barriers. Judicious nanocarrier design is highly needed to stimulate nucleic acid delivery across these barriers and maximize the therapeutic benefit. Natural polysaccharides are widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility. At present, there is a growing interest in applying these biopolymers for the development of nanomedicines. This review highlights various polysaccharides and their derivatives, currently employed in the design of nucleic acid nanocarriers. In particular, recent progress made in polysaccharide-assisted nucleic acid delivery is summarized and the specific benefits that polysaccharides might offer to improve the delivery process are critically discussed.
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He C, Yin L, Tang C, Yin C. Trimethyl Chitosan-Cysteine Nanoparticles for Systemic Delivery of TNF-α siRNA via Oral and Intraperitoneal Routes. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2596-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ternary Polymeric Nanoparticles for Oral siRNA Delivery. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1228-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Polycation-based nanoparticle delivery of RNAi therapeutics: adverse effects and solutions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1717-29. [PMID: 22800620 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) that silence genes by the process of RNA interference offers a new therapeutic modality for disease treatment. Polycation-based nanoparticles termed polyplexes have been developed to maximise extracellular and intracellular siRNA delivery, a key requirement for enabling the clinical translation of RNAi-based drugs. Medical applications are dependent on safety; therefore, detailed investigation into potential toxicity to the cell or organism is required. This review addresses potential adverse effects arising from cellular and tissue interactions, immune stimulation and altered gene expression that can be associated with the assembled polyplex or the polycation and siRNA component parts. A greater understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved allows design-based solutions for rationale development of safe, effective and clinically relevant polyplex-based RNAi drugs.
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Helary C, Browne S, Mathew A, Wang W, Pandit A. Transfection of macrophages by collagen hollow spheres loaded with polyplexes: a step towards modulating inflammation. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4208-14. [PMID: 22705637 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key orchestrators of inflammation as they secrete proteases and inflammatory cytokines. To date, therapies aimed at modulating macrophage phenotype have failed due to the short half-life of biomolecules in the body. Therefore, inhibition of inflammation by gene therapy constitutes a new hope. In the present study, we have assessed collagen hollow spheres as a reservoir system for polyplexes in order to transfect human macrophages while preserving cell viability. Polyplexes were formed by complexing G-Luc plasmid with a poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) poly(ethylene glycol) based hyperbranched polymer. Several ratios of polymer/pDNA (5:1, 8:1, 10:1w/w) complexes in two different sphere sizes (1.24 and 4.5μm) were tested. Collagen hollow spheres were loaded with polyplexes up to 80μg of pDNA per mg of microspheres. The release of polyplexes from the spheres was delayed and prolonged i.e. 20% of the initial amount released in 5days. Following incubation with polyplex-loaded microspheres, macrophages were transfected (polyplex pDNA:polymer ratio 1:10w/w). In addition, collagen hollow spheres maintained cell viability as more than 80% of cells were viable after 4days in culture. In contrast, when used alone, polyplexes were seen to be toxic, while there was no transfection detected. Taken together, these results show that collagen hollow spheres may be used as a reservoir for controlled gene delivery to macrophages. Unlike existing gene delivery systems, this system allows for macrophage transfection with minimal toxicity. Hence, this system has a potential for the delivery of a therapeutic gene in order to modulate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Helary
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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31
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te Boekhorst BCM, Jensen LB, Colombo S, Varkouhi AK, Schiffelers RM, Lammers T, Storm G, Nielsen HM, Strijkers GJ, Foged C, Nicolay K. MRI-assessed therapeutic effects of locally administered PLGA nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory siRNA in a murine arthritis model. J Control Release 2012; 161:772-80. [PMID: 22580113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by systemic inflammation of synovial joints leading to erosion and cartilage destruction. Although efficacious anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) biologic therapies exist, there is an unmet medical need for safe and more efficient treatment regimens for disease remission. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against TNF-α in vitro and in vivo. The siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles mediated a dose-dependent TNF-α silencing in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. The severity of collagen antibody-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice was assessed by paw scoring and compared to the degree of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-quantified joint effusion and bone marrow edema. Two intra-articular treatments per joint with nanoparticles loaded with TNF-α siRNA (1 μg) resulted in a reduction in disease activity, evident by a significant decrease of the paw scores and joint effusions, as compared to treatment with PLGA nanoparticles loaded with non-specific control siRNA, whereas the degree of bone marrow edema in the tibial and femoral head remained unchanged. When the siRNA dose was 5 or 10 μg, there was no difference between the specific and the non-specific siRNA treatment groups. These findings suggest that MRI is a promising method for evaluation of early disease progression and treatment in murine arthritis models. In addition, proper siRNA dosing seems to be important for a positive therapeutic outcome in vivo. However, further studies are needed to fully clarify the mechanism(s) underlying the observed anti-inflammatory effects of the siRNA-loaded nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C M te Boekhorst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Building W-Hoog 4.11, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Moya-Ortega MD, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Loftsson T. Cyclodextrin-based nanogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2012; 428:152-63. [PMID: 22388054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic nanogels combine the advantages of hydrogels with certain advantages that are inherent in their nanoscale size. Similar to macrogels, nanogels can contain and protect drugs and regulate their release by incorporating high-affinity functional groups, stimuli-responsive conformations and biodegradable bonds into the polymer network. Similar to nanoparticles, nanogels can easily be administered in liquid form for parenteral drug delivery. The nanoscale size of nanogels gives them a high specific surface area that is available for further bioconjugation of active targeting agents. Biodistribution and drug release can be modulated through size adjustments. The incorporation of hydrophilic cyclodextrin (CD) moieties into the polymeric network of the nanogels provides them with a drug loading and release mechanism that is based on the formation of inclusion complexes without decreasing the hydrophilicity of the network. The covalent attachment of CD molecules to the chemically crosslinked networks may enable the CDs to display fully their ability to form complexes, while simultaneously preventing drug release upon media dilution. The preparation, characterization and advantages for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of CD-based nanogels are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Moya-Ortega
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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