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Bryan MT. Assessing the Challenges of Nanotechnology-Driven Targeted Therapies: Development of Magnetically Directed Vectors for Targeted Cancer Therapies and Beyond. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:105-123. [PMID: 36301473 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery, in which therapeutic agents are preferentially concentrated at the diseased site, has the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes by minimizing off-target interactions in healthy tissue. Both passive and active methods of targeting delivery have been proposed, often with particular emphasis on cancer treatment. Passive methods rely on the overexpression of a biomarker in diseased tissue that can then be used to target the therapy. Active techniques involve physically guiding therapeutic agents toward the target region. Since the motion of magnetic particles can be remotely controlled by external magnetic fields, magnetic technologies have the potential to drive and hold drugs or other cargo at the required therapeutic site, increasing the localized dose while minimizing overall exposure. Directed motion may be generated either by simple magnetic attraction or by causing the particles to perform swimming strokes to produce propulsion. This chapter will compare the different strategies using magnetic nanotechnology to produce directed motion compatible with that required for targeted cargo delivery and magnetically assisted therapies and assess their potential to meet the challenges of operating within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Bryan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.
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Abstract
With the increasing insight into molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, a promising solution involves directly delivering genes, cells, and chemicals to the infarcted myocardium or impaired endothelium. However, the limited delivery efficiency after administration fails to reach the therapeutic dose and the adverse off-target effect even causes serious safety concerns. Controlled drug release via external stimuli seems to be a promising method to overcome the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs). Microbubbles and magnetic nanoparticles responding to ultrasound and magnetic fields respectively have been developed as an important component of novel DDSs. In particular, several attempts have also been made for the design and fabrication of dual-responsive DDS. This review presents the recent advances in the ultrasound and magnetic fields responsive DDSs in cardiovascular application, followed by their current problems and future reformation.
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Labusca L, Herea DD, Danceanu CM, Minuti AE, Stavila C, Grigoras M, Gherca D, Stoian G, Ababei G, Chiriac H, Lupu N. The effect of magnetic field exposure on differentiation of magnetite nanoparticle-loaded adipose-derived stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110652. [PMID: 32228923 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are versatile tools for various applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine. MNPs-mediated cell tracking, targeting and imaging are increasingly studied for regenerative medicine applications in cell therapy and tissue engineering. Mechanical stimulation influences mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Here we show that MNPs-mediated magneto-mechanical stimulation of human primary adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) exposed to variable magnetic field (MF) influences their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. ADSCs loaded with biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles of 6.6 nm, and with an average load of 21 picograms iron/cell were exposed to variable low intensity (0.5 mT - LMF) and higher intensity magnetic fields (14.7 and 21.6 mT - HMF). Type, duration, intensity and frequency of MF differently affect differentiation. Short time (2 days) intermittent exposure to LMF increases adipogenesis while longer (7 days) intermittent as well as continuous exposure favors osteogenesis. HMF (21.6 mT) short time intermittent exposure favors osteogenesis. Different exposure protocols can be used to increase differentiation dependently on expected results. Magnetic remotely-actuated MNPs up-taken by ADSCs promotes the shift towards osteoblastic lineage. ADSCs-MNPs under MF exposure could be used for enabling osteoblastic conversion during cell therapy for systemic osteoporosis. Current results enable further in vivo studies investigating the role of remotely-controlled magnetically actuated ADSCs-MNPs for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru-Daniel Herea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Camelia-Mihaela Danceanu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Emanuela Minuti
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Stavila
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Marian Grigoras
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Gherca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - George Stoian
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ababei
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Horia Chiriac
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
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Polyak B, Medved M, Lazareva N, Steele L, Patel T, Rai A, Rotenberg MY, Wasko K, Kohut AR, Sensenig R, Friedman G. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeting of Cell Therapy Reduces In-Stent Stenosis in Injured Arteries. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9559-9569. [PMID: 27622988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although drug-eluting stents have dramatically reduced the recurrence of restenosis after vascular interventions, the nonselective antiproliferative drugs released from these devices significantly delay reendothelialization and vascular healing, increasing the risk of short- and long-term stent failure. Efficient repopulation of endothelial cells in the vessel wall following injury may limit complications, such as thrombosis, neoatherosclerosis, and restenosis, through reconstitution of a luminal barrier and cellular secretion of paracrine factors. We assessed the potential of magnetically mediated delivery of endothelial cells (ECs) to inhibit in-stent stenosis induced by mechanical injury in a rat carotid artery stent angioplasty model. ECs loaded with biodegradable superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were administered at the distal end of the stented artery and localized to the stent using a brief exposure to a uniform magnetic field. After two months, magnetic localization of ECs demonstrated significant protection from stenosis at the distal part of the stent in the cell therapy group compared to both the proximal part of stent in the cell therapy group and the control (stented, nontreated) group: 1.7-fold (p < 0.001) less reduction in lumen diameter as measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound, 2.3-fold (p < 0.001) less reduction in the ratios of peak systolic velocities as measured by pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound, and 2.1-fold (p < 0.001) attenuation of stenosis as determined through end point morphometric analysis. The study thus demonstrates that magnetically assisted delivery of ECs is a promising strategy for prevention of vessel lumen narrowing after stent angioplasty procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Mikhail Medved
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Nina Lazareva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Lindsay Steele
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Tirth Patel
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Ahmad Rai
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Menahem Y Rotenberg
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Kimberly Wasko
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Andrew R Kohut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Richard Sensenig
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gary Friedman
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Chen D, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Zhang LW. Intracellular imaging of quantum dots, gold, and iron oxide nanoparticles with associated endocytic pathways. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27418010 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NP) have been used for biomedical applications especially for imaging. Compared to nonmetallic NP, metallic NP provide high contrast images because of their optical light scattering, magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption, or other physicochemical properties. In this review, a series of in vitro imaging techniques for metallic NP will be introduced, meanwhile their strengths and weaknesses will be discussed. By utilizing these imaging methods, the cellular uptake of metallic NP can be easily visualized to better understand the endocytic mechanisms of NP intracellular delivery. Several types of metallic NP that are used for imaging or as contrast agents such as quantum dots, gold, iron oxide, and other metallic NP will be presented. Cellular uptake of metallic NP and associated endocytic mechanisms highly depends upon the NP size, charge, surface coating, shape, or other factors such as cell type, cell differentiation status, cell surface status, external forces, protein binding, temperature, and the biological milieu. Classical endocytic routes such as lipid raft-mediated pathways, clathrin or caveolae-mediated pathways, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis have been investigated, yet there is still a demand to determine other endocytic pathways. Knowing the different methodologies used to determine the endocytic pathways will increase the understanding of NP toxicity, cancer cell targeting, and imaging, so that surface coatings can be created for efficient cell uptake of metallic NP with minimal cytotoxicity WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1419. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1419 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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Tracking inflammation in the epileptic rat brain by bi-functional fluorescent and magnetic nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1335-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Orynbayeva Z, Sensenig R, Polyak B. Metabolic and structural integrity of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded primary endothelial cells for targeted cell therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1555-68. [PMID: 26008193 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To successfully translate magnetically mediated cell targeting from bench to bedside, there is a need to systematically assess the potential adverse effects of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) interacting with 'therapeutic' cells. Here, we examined in detail the effects of internalized polymeric MNPs on primary rat endothelial cells' structural intactness, metabolic integrity and proliferation potential. MATERIALS & METHODS The intactness of cytoskeleton and organelles was studied by fluorescent confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS MNP-loaded primary endothelial cells preserve intact cytoskeleton and organelles, maintain normal rate of proliferation, calcium signaling and mitochondria energy metabolism. CONCLUSION This study provides supportive evidence that MNPs at doses necessary for targeting did not induce significant adverse effects on structural integrity and functionality of primary endothelial cells - potential cell therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Richard Sensenig
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Zohra FT, Medved M, Lazareva N, Polyak B. Functional behavior and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded primary endothelial cells for targeting vascular stents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1391-406. [PMID: 25996117 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess functional competence and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-loaded primary endothelial cells (ECs) as potential cell-based therapy vectors. MATERIALS & METHODS A quantitative tube formation, nitric oxide and adhesion assays were conducted to assess functional potency of the MNP-loaded ECs. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to profile genes in both MNP-loaded at static conditions and in vitro targeted ECs. RESULTS Functional behavior of MNP-loaded and unloaded cells was comparable. MNPs induce expression of genes involved in EC growth and survival, while repress genes involved in coagulation. CONCLUSION MNPs do not adversely affect cellular function. Gene expression indicates that targeting MNP-loaded ECs to vascular stents may potentially stimulate re-endothelialization of an implant and attenuate neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuj Zohra
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mikhail Medved
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Nina Lazareva
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Tickle JA, Jenkins SI, Polyak B, Pickard MR, Chari DM. Endocytotic potential governs magnetic particle loading in dividing neural cells: studying modes of particle inheritance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:345-58. [PMID: 26785794 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To achieve high and sustained magnetic particle loading in a proliferative and endocytotically active neural transplant population (astrocytes) through tailored magnetite content in polymeric iron oxide particles. MATERIALS & METHODS MPs of varying magnetite content were applied to primary-derived rat cortical astrocytes ± static/oscillating magnetic fields to assess labeling efficiency and safety. RESULTS Higher magnetite content particles display high but safe accumulation in astrocytes, with longer-term label retention versus lower/no magnetite content particles. Magnetic fields enhanced loading extent. Dynamic live cell imaging of dividing labeled astrocytes demonstrated that particle distribution into daughter cells is predominantly 'asymmetric'. CONCLUSION These findings could inform protocols to achieve efficient MP loading into neural transplant cells, with significant implications for post-transplantation tracking/localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Tickle
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Stuart I Jenkins
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery & Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mark R Pickard
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez D, Barakat AI. Dynamics of receptor-mediated nanoparticle internalization into endothelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122097. [PMID: 25901833 PMCID: PMC4406860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles offer a promising medical tool for targeted drug delivery, for example to treat inflamed endothelial cells during the development of atherosclerosis. To inform the design of such therapeutic strategies, we develop a computational model of nanoparticle internalization into endothelial cells, where internalization is driven by receptor-ligand binding and limited by the deformation of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. We specifically consider the case of nanoparticles targeted against ICAM-1 receptors, of relevance for treating atherosclerosis. The model computes the kinetics of the internalization process, the dynamics of binding, and the distribution of stresses exerted between the nanoparticle and the cell membrane. The model predicts the existence of an optimal nanoparticle size for fastest internalization, consistent with experimental observations, as well as the role of bond characteristics, local cell mechanical properties, and external forces in the nanoparticle internalization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Laboratoire d’Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail: (DGR), (AIB)
| | - Abdul I. Barakat
- Laboratoire d’Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7646, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail: (DGR), (AIB)
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Adams CF, Rai A, Sneddon G, Yiu HH, Polyak B, Chari DM. Increasing magnetite contents of polymeric magnetic particles dramatically improves labeling of neural stem cell transplant populations. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sensenig R, Sapir Y, MacDonald C, Cohen S, Polyak B. Magnetic nanoparticle-based approaches to locally target therapy and enhance tissue regeneration in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1425-42. [PMID: 22994959 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic-based systems utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic field gradient to exert a force on these particles have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications. This review is focused on drug targeting applications that require penetration of a cellular barrier as well as strategies to improve the efficacy of targeting in these biomedical applications. Another focus of this review is regenerative applications utilizing tissue engineered scaffolds prepared with the aid of magnetic particles, the use of remote actuation for release of bioactive molecules and magneto-mechanical cell stimulation, cell seeding and cell patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sensenig
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, PA 19102, USA
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