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Calaf GM, Crispin LA, Quisbert-Valenzuela EO. Noscapine and Apoptosis in Breast and Other Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3536. [PMID: 38542508 PMCID: PMC10970989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading contributor to the age-standardized mortality rate, for both sexes and all ages worldwide. In Europe and the United States, it is the second leading cause of mortality, with an incidence rate of about 2.6 million cases per year. Noscapine, a well-known alkaloid used as a cough suppressant, demonstrated anti-tumor effects by triggering apoptosis in various cancer cell lines and has the potential to become another ally against breast, ovarian, colon, and gastric cancer, among other types of malignancy. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of cancer. Noscapine affected BAX, CASP8, CASP9, NFKBIA, and RELA gene and protein expression in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Gene expression was higher in tumor than in normal tissue, including the BAX expression levels in lung, ovary, endometrium, colon, stomach, and glioblastoma patients; BCL2L1 expression in endometrium, colon, and stomach patients; CASP8 gene expression levels in lung, endometrium, colon, stomach, and glioblastoma patients; RELA in colon, stomach, and glioblastoma patients; and NFKBIA in glioblastoma patients. It can be concluded that noscapine affected genes and proteins related to apoptosis in cancer cell lines and several types of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.)
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2
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Yakkala PA, Rahaman S, Soukya PSL, Begum SA, Kamal A. An update on the development on tubulin inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:193-220. [PMID: 38618889 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2341630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microtubules play a vital role in cancer therapeutics. They are implicated in tumorigenesis, thus inhibiting tubulin polymerization in cancer cells, and have now become a significant target for anticancer drug development. A plethora of drug molecules has been crafted to influence microtubule dynamics and presently, numerous tubulin inhibitors are being investigated. This review discusses the recently developed inhibitors including natural products, and also examines the preclinical and clinical data of some potential molecules. AREA COVERED The current review article summarizes the development of tubulin inhibitors while detailing their specific binding sites. It also discusses the newly designed inhibitors that may be useful in the treatment of solid tumors. EXPERT OPINION Microtubules play a crucial role in cellular processes, especially in cancer therapy where inhibiting tubulin polymerization holds promise. Ongoing trials signify a commitment to revolutionizing cancer treatment and exploring targeted therapies. Challenges in microtubule modulation, like resistance and off-target effects, demand focused efforts, emphasizing combination therapies and personalized treatments. Beyond microtubules, promising avenues in cancer research include immunotherapy, genomic medicine, CRISPR gene editing, liquid biopsies, AI diagnostics, and stem cell therapy, showcasing a holistic approach for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Anjaneyulu Yakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - P S Lakshmi Soukya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajeli Ahil Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Environment, Forests, Science & Technology, Telangana State Council of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Zhang H, Luo QQ, Hu ML, Wang N, Qi HZ, Zhang HR, Ding L. Discovery of potent microtubule-destabilizing agents targeting for colchicine site by virtual screening, biological evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106340. [PMID: 36435355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule has been considered as attractive therapeutic target for various cancers. Although numerous of chemically diverse compounds targeting to colchicine site have been reported, none of them was approved by Food and Drug Administration. In this investigation, the virtual screening methods, including pharmacophore model, molecular docking, and interaction molecular fingerprints similarity, were applied to discover novel microtubule-destabilizing agents from database with 324,474 compounds. 22 compounds with novel scaffolds were identified as microtubule-destabilizing agents, and then submitted to the biological evaluation. Among these 22 hits, hit4 with novel scaffold represents the best anti-proliferative activity with IC50 ranging from 4.51 to 14.81 μM on four cancer cell lines. The in vitro assays reveal that hit4 can effectively inhibit tubulin assembly, and disrupt the microtubule network in MCF-7 cell at a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, the molecular dynamics simulation analysis exhibits that hit4 can stably bind to colchicine site, interact with key residues, and induce αT5 and βT7 regions changes. The values of ΔGbind for the tubulin-colchicine and tubulin-hit4 are -172.9±10.5 and -166.0±12.6 kJ·mol-1, respectively. The above results indicate that the hit4 is a novel microtubule destabilizing agent targeting to colchicine-binding site, which could be developed as a promising tubulin polymerization inhibitor with higher activity for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Hua-Zhao Qi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
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Sadıkoğulları BC, Şenel P, Çini N, Faysal AA, Odabaşoğlu M, Özdemir AD, Gölcü A. An Overview of Natural and Synthetic Phthalides Involved in Cancer Studies: Past, Present, and Future. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bleda Can Sadıkoğulları
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Pelin Şenel
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Nejla Çini
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Abdullah Al Faysal
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Odabaşoğlu
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Trabzon 61080 Turkey
| | - Ayşe Daut Özdemir
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Gölcü
- Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Sciences and Letters Department of Chemistry Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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Morris J, Takahashi-Ruiz L, Persi LN, Summers JC, McCauley EP, Chan PYW, Amberchan G, Lizama-Chamu I, Coppage DA, Crews P, Risinger AL, Johnson TA. Re-evaluation of the Fijianolide/Laulimalide Chemotype Suggests an Alternate Mechanism of Action for C-15/C-20 Analogs. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8824-8832. [PMID: 35309480 PMCID: PMC8928504 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on naturally derived microtubule stabilizers with activity against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, including paclitaxel, fijianolide B/laulimalide (3), fijianolide B di-acetate (4), and two new semisynthetic analogs of 3, which include fijianolide J (5) and fijianolide L (6). Similar to paclitaxel, compound 3 demonstrated classic microtubule stabilizing activity with potent (GI50 = 0.7-17 nM) antiproliferative efficacy among the five molecularly distinct TNBC cell lines. Alternatively, compounds 5 or 6, generated from oxidation of C-20 or C-15 and C-20 respectively, resulted in a unique profile with reduced potency (GI50 = 4-9 μM), but improved efficacy in some lines, suggesting a distinct mechanism of action. The C-15, C-20 di-acetate, and dioxo modifications on 4 and 6 resulted in compounds devoid of classic microtubule stabilizing activity in biochemical assays. While 4 also had no detectable effect on cellular microtubules, 6 promoted a reorganization of the cytoskeleton resulting in an accumulation of microtubules at the cell periphery. Compound 5, with a single C-20 oxo substitution, displayed a mixed phenotype, sharing properties of 3 and 6. These results demonstrate the importance of the C-15/C-20 chiral centers, which appear to be required for the potent microtubule stabilizing activity of this chemotype and that oxidation of these sites promotes unanticipated cytoskeletal alterations that are distinct from classic microtubule stabilization, likely through a distinct mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
D. Morris
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Dominican University
of California, San Rafael, California 94901, United States
| | - Leila Takahashi-Ruiz
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Lauren N. Persi
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Dominican University
of California, San Rafael, California 94901, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Summers
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Dominican University
of California, San Rafael, California 94901, United States
| | - Erin P. McCauley
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Peter Y. W. Chan
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Gabriella Amberchan
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Itzel Lizama-Chamu
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - David A. Coppage
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - April L. Risinger
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Tyler A. Johnson
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Dominican University
of California, San Rafael, California 94901, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Kim J, Lee J, Lee J, Keum H, Kim Y, Kim Y, Yu B, Lee SY, Tanaka J, Jon S, Choi MC. Tubulin-Based Nanotubes as Delivery Platform for Microtubule-Targeting Agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002902. [PMID: 32579276 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin-based nanotubes (TNTs) to deliver microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) for clinical oncology are reported. Three MTAs, docetaxel (DTX), laulimalide (LMD), and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), which attach to different binding sites in a tubulin, are loaded onto TNTs and cause structural changes in them, including shape anisotropy and tubulin layering. This drug-driven carrier transformation leads to changes in the drug-loading efficiency and stability characteristics of the carrier. TNTs coloaded with DTX and LMD efficiently deliver dual drug cargoes to cellular tubulins by the endolysosomal pathway, and results in synergistic anticancer and antiangiogenic action of the drugs in vitro. In in vivo tests, TNTs loaded with a microtubule-destabilizing agent MMAE suppress the growth of tumors with much higher efficacy than free MMAE did. This work suggests a new concept of using a drug's target protein as a carrier. The findings demonstrate that the TNTs developed here can be used universally as a delivery platform for many MTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Juncheol Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Keum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Byeongjun Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sang Yeop Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Myung Chul Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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Peng H, Yan Z, Zeng X, Zhang S, Jiang H, Huang H, Zhuo H. Serum and tissue proteomic signatures of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using 2‑D gel electrophoresis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1025-1038. [PMID: 31173207 PMCID: PMC6625405 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for ~85% of primary liver cancer cases and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Effective early diagnosis is difficult for HCC; however, effective biomarkers may be beneficial for diagnosis. In the current study, serum samples, and HCC and adjacent tissue samples were obtained from patients with HCC for the detection of biomarkers using 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectrometry. The crude serum samples did not need to be prepared for removal of high abundance proteins. The mRNA expression levels of HCC-associated proteins were detected in tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Statistical analysis and database matching were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins detected in the serum and tissue groups. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of significant proteins in HCC and adjacent tissues. The results revealed ~800 protein spots on a 2-DE gel that were detected in serum samples, and 1,200 spots were identified in the tissue samples. The protein and mRNA expression levels of oxysterol binding protein-like 11 (OSBPL11) in HCC serum and tissue samples were consistent. Pathway analysis demonstrated that members of the apolipoprotein family, particularly apolipoprotein E (APOE), and RAS family members were closely associated in HCC, either directly or via ferratin heavy polypeptide 1. IHC results demonstrated that the APOE protein serves an important role in liver cancer development. The lysis buffer used in the current study was effective for serum protein separation in 2-DE sample preparation. In addition, the present study revealed that downregulated OSBPL11 may be a potential indicator for HCC, and the apolipoprotein family, particularly APOE, and the RAS family may cooperatively serve an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Yan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Heqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
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Tuszynski J, Tilli TM, Levin M. Ion Channel and Neurotransmitter Modulators as Electroceutical Approaches to the Control of Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:4827-4841. [PMID: 28554310 PMCID: PMC6340161 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170530105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activities of individual cells must be tightly coordinated in order to build and maintain complex 3-dimensional body structures during embryogenesis and regeneration. Thus, one way to view cancer is within systems biology as a network disorder affecting the ability of cells to properly interact with a morphodynamic field of instructive signals that keeps proliferation and migration orchestrated toward the anatomical needs of the host or-ganism. One layer of this set of instructive microenvironmental cues is bioelectrical. Voltage gradients among all somatic cells (not just excitable nerve and muscle) control cell behavior, and the ionic coupling of cells into networks via electrochemical synapses allows them to implement tissue-level patterning decisions. These gradients have been increasingly impli-cated in the induction and suppression of tumorigenesis and metastasis, in the emerging links between developmental bioelectricity to the cancer problem. Consistent with the well-known role of neurotransmitter molecules in transducing electrical activity to downstream cascades in the brain, serotonergic signaling has likewise been implicated in cancer. Here, we review these recent data and propose new approaches for manipulating bioelectric and neurotransmitter pathways in cancer biology based on a bioelectric view of cancer. To sup-port this methodology, we present new data on the effects of the SSRI Prozac and its analog (ZINC ID = ZINC06811610) on survival of both cancer (MCF7) and normal (MCF10A) breast cells exposed to these compounds. We found an IC50 concentration (25 μM for Pro-zac and 100 μM for the Prozac analog) at which these compounds inhibited tumor cell sur-vival and proliferation. Additionally, at these concentrations, we did not observe alterations in a non-tumoral cell line. This constitutes a proof-of-concept demonstration for our hy-pothesis that the use of both existing and novel drugs as electroceuticals could serve as an alternative to highly toxic chemotherapy strategies replacing or augmenting them with less toxic alternatives. We believe this new approach forms an exciting roadmap for future bio-medical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. Canada
| | - Tatiana M Tilli
- Laboratory of Biological System Modeling, National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Brazil
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, and Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155. United States
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Muthiah D, Henshaw GK, DeBono AJ, Capuano B, Scammells PJ, Callaghan R. Overcoming P-Glycoprotein–Mediated Drug Resistance with Noscapine Derivatives. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:164-172. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Castro-Alvarez A, Pineda O, Vilarrasa J. Further Insight into the Interactions of the Cytotoxic Macrolides Laulimalide and Peloruside A with Their Common Binding Site. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1770-1782. [PMID: 31458493 PMCID: PMC6641392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The binding site of the macrolides laulimalide and peloruside A, which is different from that of the clinically useful drugs paclitaxel/taxol and ixabepilone (tax site), is known to be between two adjacent β-tubulin units (ext site). Here, we report our study of the binding of these molecules to an α1β1/α2β2-tubulin "tetramer" model. AutoDock 4.2.6//AutoDock Vina dockings predicted that the affinities of laulimalide and peloruside A for the tax site are quite similar to those for the ext site. However, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that only when these two ligands are located at the ext site, there are contacts that help stabilize the system, favoring the β1/β2 interactions. The binding affinity of laulimalide for this site is stronger than that of peloruside A, but this is compensated for by additional β1/β2 contacts that are induced by peloruside A. MD studies also suggested that epothilones at the tax site and either laulimalide or peloruside A at the ext site cause similar stabilizing effects (mainly linking the M-loop of β1 and loop H1-B2 of β2). In a "hexamer" model (3 units of αβ-tubulin), the effects are confirmed. Metadynamics simulations of laulimalide and peloruside A, which are reported for the first time, suggest that peloruside A produces a stronger change in the M-loop, which explains the stabilization of the β1/β2 interaction.
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Minu M, Singh D, Mahaddalkar T, Lopus M, Winter P, Ayoub AT, Missiaen K, Tilli TM, Pasdar M, Tuszynski J. Chemical synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and in silico analysis of new 2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazole derivatives as potential anti-mitotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3855-61. [PMID: 27449957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized new, biologically active mono- and di-substituted 2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazole derivatives bearing electron withdrawing groups and electron donating groups. These derivative structures were characterized by their spectral and analytical data. The newly synthesized hexahydropyrazole analogues were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against breast and lung cancer cell lines using a cytotoxicity bioassay. To understand their mechanism of action, tubulin binding assays were performed which pointed to their binding to microtubules in a mode similar to but not identical to colchicine, as evidenced by their KD value evaluation. Computational docking studies also suggested binding near the colchicine binding site on tubulin. These results were further confirmed by colchicine-binding assays on the most active compounds, which indicated that they bound to tubulin near but not at the colchicine site. The moderate cytotoxic effects of these compounds may be due to the presence of electron donating groups on the para-position of the phenyl ring, along with the hexahydropyrazole core nucleus. The observed anti-cancer activity based on inhibition of microtubule formation may be helpful in designing more potent compounds with a hexahydropyrazole moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Minu
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra 282110, India.
| | - Deepti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra 282110, India
| | - Tejashree Mahaddalkar
- Experimental Cancer Therapeutics and Chemical Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Manu Lopus
- Experimental Cancer Therapeutics and Chemical Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Philip Winter
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ahmed T Ayoub
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristal Missiaen
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tatiana Martins Tilli
- Laboratório de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN, CNPq), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jack Tuszynski
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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English DP, Roque DM, Santin AD. Class III b-tubulin overexpression in gynecologic tumors: implications for the choice of microtubule targeted agents? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:63-74. [DOI: 10.1586/era.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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