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Shuyu L, Hongxun H, Di W, Hui Y, Hongtu Z, Wenbo W, Xin H, Na W, Lina Z, Ting W. In-situ sequential crystallization of fenofibrate and tristearin - Understanding the distribution of API in particles and stability of solid lipid microparticles from the perspective of crystallization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 202:114413. [PMID: 39029878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
In-situ API crystallization in carrier matrices has attracted extensive attention in recent years for its advantages over traditional preparation processes. However, due to the lack of systemic research on molecular self-assembly behaviors, the products obtained by in-situ crystallization suffer from the problems of polymorphic transformation and drug expulsion during storage, limiting its industrial application. This paper investigates the in-situ sequential crystallization behavior of tristearin (SSS) and fenofibrate (FEN), utilizing SSS as the carrier and FEN as the API. It was found that the behavior of mixed crystallization significantly differs from single-component crystallization, including direct formation of stable form of SSS and the rapid crystallization of FEN. During the crystallization process, the melting FEN promotes the movement of SSS molecules, while the sliding of SSS lamellae, in turn, provides a mechanical stimulus to enhance the nucleation of FEN. Based on the observed synergistic crystallization behavior, the distribution and stability of the API within FEN solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) during storage were evaluated, while also examining the stability variations in SLMs formulated at different cooling rates and drug loading concentrations. The findings indicate that the initial nucleated FEN results in a decrease in the surrounding molten FEN and the irregularity of the SSS lamellas, thereby preventing the remaining molten FEN from achieving complete crystallization within a brief period. Due to the compatibility between FEN and SSS, some SSS may blend with the molten FEN, potentially resulting in further crystallization during storage and consequently increasing the risk of drug expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shuyu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Hao Hongxun
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Wu Di
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Yu Hui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Zhao Hongtu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Wu Wenbo
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Huang Xin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Wang Na
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Zhou Lina
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Wang Ting
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
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Kovačević M, Paudel A, Planinšek O, Bertoni S, Passerini N, Zupančič O, Alva C, Ilić IG, Pobirk AZ. The comparison of melt technologies based on mesoporous carriers for improved carvedilol dissolution. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024:106880. [PMID: 39181171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
High-shear (HS) melt granulation and hot melt extrusion (HME) were compared as perspective melt-based technologies for preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). ASDs were prepared using mesoporous carriers (Syloid® 244FP or Neusilin® US2), which were loaded with carvedilol dispersed in polymeric matrix (polyethylene glycol 6000 or Soluplus®). Formulations with high carvedilol content were obtained either by HME (11 extrudates with polymer:carrier ratio 1:1) or HS granulation (6 granulates with polymer:carrier ratio 3:1). DSC and XRD analysis confirmed the absence of crystalline carvedilol for the majority of prepared ADSs, thus confirming the stabilizing effect of selected polymers and carriers over amorphous carvedilol. HME produced larger particles compared to HS melt granulation, which was in line with better flow time and Carr index of extrudates. Moreover, SEM images revealed smoother surface of ASDs obtained by HME, contributing to less obstructed flow. The rougher and more porous surface of HS granules was correlated to larger granule specific surface area, manifesting in faster carvedilol release from Syloid® 244FP-based granules, as compared to their HME counterparts. Regarding dissolution, the two HS-formulations performed superior to pure crystalline carvedilol, thereby confirming the suitability of HS melt granulation for developing dosage forms with improved carvedilol dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Kovačević
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Odon Planinšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Serena Bertoni
- University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolina Alva
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ilija German Ilić
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Alenka Zvonar Pobirk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Schulzen A, Andreadis II, Bergström CAS, Quodbach J. Development and characterization of solid lipid-based formulations (sLBFs) of ritonavir utilizing a lipolysis and permeation assay. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106732. [PMID: 38408708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
As a high number of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) under development belong to BCS classes II and IV, the need for improving bioavailability is critical. A powerful approach is the use of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) that usually consist of a combination of liquid lipids, cosolvents, and surfactants. In this study, ritonavir loaded solid LBFs (sLBFs) were prepared using solid lipid excipients to investigate whether sLBFs are also capable of improving solubility and permeability. Additionally, the influence of polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PVP-VA and HPMC-AS) on lipolysis triggered supersaturation and precipitation was investigated. One step intestinal digestion and bicompartmental permeation studies using an artificial lecithin-in-dodecane (LiDo) membrane were performed for each formulation. All formulations presented significantly higher solubility (5 to >20-fold higher) during lipolysis and permeation studies compared to pure ritonavir. In the combined lipolysis-permeation studies, the formulated ritonavir concentration increased 15-fold in the donor compartment and the flux increased up to 71 % as compared to non-formulated ritonavir. The formulation with the highest surfactant concentration showed significantly higher ritonavir solubility compared to the formulation with the highest amount of lipids. However, the precipitation rates were comparable. The addition of precipitation inhibitors did not influence the lipolytic process and showed no significant benefit over the initial formulations with regards to precipitation. While all tested sLBFs increased the permeation rate, no statistically significant difference was noted between the formulations regardless of composition. To conclude, the different release profiles of the formulations were not correlated to the resulting flux through a permeation membrane, further supporting the importance of making use of combined lipolysis-permeation assays when exploring LBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Schulzen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, DE-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ioannis I Andreadis
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, DE-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Rajoriya V, Gupta R, Vengurlekar S, Surendra Singh U. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): A promising candidate for lung cancer targeting. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:123986. [PMID: 38493842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer stands as the foremost health issue and the principal reason for mortality worldwide. It is projected that India will see over 1.73 million new cases and more than 880,000 deaths related to cancer, with lung cancer being a significant contributor. The efficiency of existing chemotherapy procedures is not optimal because of less soluble nature and short half-life of anticancer substances. More precipitated toxicity and non-existence of targeting propensity can lead to severe side effects, non-compliance, and inconvenience for patients. Nonetheless, the domain of nanomedicine has undergone a revolution in the past few years with the advent of novel drug delivery mechanisms that tackle the drawbacks of conventional approaches. Diverse nanoparticle-based drug delivery methods, including liposomes, nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carrier and solid lipid nanoparticle that encapsulated chemotherapy drugs, are currently employed for efficient lung cancer therapy. NLCs, recognized as the second-generation lipid nanocarriers, are a focused drug delivery mechanism that has garnered significant interest owing to their multitude of advantages such as increased stability, minimal toxicity, prolonged shelf life, superior encapsulation capability, and biocompatible nature. This review focuses on the NLCs carrier system, discussing its preparation methods, types, characterization, applications, and future prospects in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Rajoriya
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453555 India.
| | - Ravikant Gupta
- Faculty, University Institute of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453555 India
| | - Sudha Vengurlekar
- Faculty, University Institute of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453555 India
| | - Upama Surendra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453555 India
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Huynh VTT, de Paiva Lacerda S, Espitalier F, Beyssac E, Ré MI. Effect of talc and vitamin E TPGS on manufacturability, stability and release properties of trilaurin-based formulations for hot-melt coating. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123866. [PMID: 38286194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study was focused on one particular case of hot-melt coating with trilaurin - a solid medium-chain monoacid triglyceride. The challenge of using trilaurin as coating agent in melting-based processes is linked to its relatively low melting profile: 15.6 °C (Tm,α), 35.1 °C ( [Formula: see text] ) and 45.7 °C (Tm,β). From a process perspective, the only possibility to generate products coated with formulations composed of trilaurin is by setting thermal operational conditions above Tm,α. From a material perspective, this processing possibility depends principally on trilaurin crystallisation which was investigated via a set of analytical techniques including turbidimetry, calorimetry, hot-melt goniometry, and polarised light microscopy. A highly soluble drug model substrate (sodium chloride crystals) was coated with three selected trilaurin-based formulations: (i) trilaurin, (ii) trilaurin plus talc, and (iii) trilaurin plus vitamin E TPGS and talc. Coated salt crystals were then analysed to investigate processing performance, coating quality, stability and release properties under digestion effect. The results show that firstly, talc addition promotes nucleation and crystal growth and, as a consequence, it facilitates the manufacture of trilaurin-based formulations. Secondly, the formulation of a solid triglyceride and a hydrophilic surfactant could potentially cause release instability, but formula (iii) was found to be stabilised by a mechanism whereby trilaurin crystallization enhanced in the presence of talc immobilised vitamin E TPGS in its crystal lattice. Thirdly, talc addition did not significantly influence trilaurin digestion which endows products with an immediate release in lipolytic conditions instead of an extended liberation in pure water. Nor did the addition of one or two additives alter the extent of trilaurin digestion under the conditions studied. These important findings relate to product manufacturability, stability, and release properties. A good understanding of material properties (e.g. crystallisation, polymorphism, digestibility) is essential for melt-processing, lipid coating stabilising and modulation of release profile of solid lipid-coated product, as demonstrated in this case study with trilaurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Trung-Tin Huynh
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Suenia de Paiva Lacerda
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Fabienne Espitalier
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Eric Beyssac
- UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maria-Inês Ré
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France.
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Chiarugi I, Biagi D, Nencioni P, Maestrelli F, Valleri M, Mura PA. Taste Masking of Dexketoprofen Trometamol Orally Disintegrating Granules by High-Shear Coating with Glyceryl Distearate. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:165. [PMID: 38399226 PMCID: PMC10891930 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Orally disintegrating granules (ODGs) are a pharmaceutical form commonly used for the administration of NSAIDs because of their easy assumption and fast dispersion. The development of ODGs is not easy for drugs like dexketoprofen trometamol (DXKT), which have a bitter and burning taste. In this work, high-shear coating (HSC) was used as an innovative technique for DKXT taste masking. This study focused on coating DXKT granules using the HSC technique with a low-melting lipid excipient, glyceryl distearate (GDS). The HSC technique allowed for the coating to be developed through the thermal rise resulting from the friction generated by the granules movement inside the equipment, causing the coating excipient to soften. The design of the experiment was used to find the best experimental coating conditions in order to gain effective taste masking by suitably reducing the amount of drug released in the oral cavity. The influence of the granule dimensions was also investigated. Coating effectiveness was evaluated using a simulated saliva dissolution test. It was found that low impeller speed (300 rpm) and a 20% coating excipient were effective in suitably reducing the drug dissolution rate and then in taste masking. The coated granules were characterized for their morphology and solid-state properties by SEM, BET, XRPD, DSC, and NIR analyses. A human taste panel test confirmed the masking of DXKT taste in the selected batch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chiarugi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Diletta Biagi
- Menarini Manufacturing, Logistic and Services s.r.l., Via Rosolino Pilo 4, 50131 Florence, Italy (P.N.); (M.V.)
| | - Paolo Nencioni
- Menarini Manufacturing, Logistic and Services s.r.l., Via Rosolino Pilo 4, 50131 Florence, Italy (P.N.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesca Maestrelli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Maurizio Valleri
- Menarini Manufacturing, Logistic and Services s.r.l., Via Rosolino Pilo 4, 50131 Florence, Italy (P.N.); (M.V.)
| | - Paola Angela Mura
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (P.A.M.)
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7
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Arafat M, Sakkal M, Bostanudin MF, Alhanbali OA, Yuvaraju P, Beiram R, Sadek B, Akour A, AbuRuz S. Enteric-coating film effect on the delayed drug release of pantoprazole gastro-resistant generic tablets. F1000Res 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 38596002 PMCID: PMC11002526 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140607.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Enteric coating films in acidic labile tablets protect the drug molecule from the acidic environment of the stomach. However, variations in the excipients used in the coating formulation may affect their ability to provide adequate protection. This study is the first to investigate the potential effects of coating materials on the protective functionality of enteric coating films for pantoprazole (PNZ) generic tablets after their recall from the market. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted between generic and branded PNZ products, using pure drug powder for identification. The in vitro release of the drug was evaluated in different pH media. The study also utilized various analytical and thermal techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and confocal Raman microscopy. Results: The in vitro assessment results revealed significant variations in the release profile for the generic product in acidic media at 120 min. DSC and TGA thermal profile analyses showed slight variation between the two products. XRD analysis exhibited a noticeable difference in peak intensity for the generic sample, while SEM revealed smaller particle sizes in the generic product. The obtained spectra profile for the generic product displayed significant variation in peaks and band intensity, possibly due to impurities. These findings suggest that the excipients used in the enteric coating film of the generic product may have affected its protective functionality, leading to premature drug release in acidic media. Additionally, the presence of polysorbate 80 (P-80) in the brand product might improve the properties of the enteric coating film due to its multi-functionality. Conclusions: In conclusion, the excipients used in the brand product demonstrated superior functionality in effectively protecting the drug molecule from acidic media through the enteric coating film, as compared to the generic version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Othman Abdulrahim Alhanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Amman Governorate, 11942, Jordan
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8
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Idris AH, Che Abdullah CA, Yusof NA, Asmawi AA, Abdul Rahman MB. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Co-Loaded with Docetaxel and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051319. [PMID: 37242561 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the most prevalent cause of cancer mortality due to late diagnosis and lack of curative therapies. Docetaxel (Dtx) is clinically proven as effective, but poor aqueous solubility and non-selective cytotoxicity limit its therapeutic efficacy. In this work, a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) and Dtx (Dtx-MNLC) was developed as a potential theranostic agent for lung cancer treatment. The amount of IONP and Dtx loaded into the Dtx-MNLC was quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Dtx-MNLC was then subjected to an assessment of physicochemical characteristics, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity. Dtx loading percentage was determined at 3.98% w/w, and 0.36 mg/mL IONP was loaded into the Dtx-MNLC. The formulation showed a biphasic drug release in a simulated cancer cell microenvironment, where 40% of Dtx was released for the first 6 h, and 80% cumulative release was achieved after 48 h. Dtx-MNLC exhibited higher cytotoxicity to A549 cells than MRC5 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the toxicity of Dtx-MNLC to MRC5 was lower than the commercial formulation. In conclusion, Dtx-MNLC shows the efficacy to inhibit lung cancer cell growth, yet it reduced toxicity on healthy lung cells and is potentially capable as a theranostic agent for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auni Hamimi Idris
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azren Aida Asmawi
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Pluntze AM, Cape JL, Klaus ND, Lyon DK. Control of API release with matrix polymorphism in tristearin microspheres. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122806. [PMID: 36894045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycerides are widely employed as solid matrices in a range of pharmaceutical intermediates and dosage forms. Diffusion-based mechanisms are responsible for drug release, with both chemical and crystal polymorph differences in the solid lipid matrix cited as controlling factors in drug release rates. This work uses model formulations composed of crystalline caffeine embedded in tristearin to study the impacts to drug release from the two primary polymorphic states of tristearin and dependencies on the conversion routes between them. Using contact angles and NMR diffusometry, this work finds that drug release from the meta-stable α-polymorph is rate limited by a diffusive mechanism relating to its porosity and tortuosity, but initial burst release occurs due to ease of initial wetting. Poor wettability resulting from surface blooming can be rate limiting for the β-polymorph, resulting in slower initial drug release relative to the α-polymorph. The route to achieve the β-polymorph strongly impacts the bulk release profile due to differences in crystallite size and packing efficiency. API loading enhances the effective porosity, leading to enhanced drug release at high loadings. These findings offer generalizable principles to guide formulators on the types of impacts to drug release rates that one may expect due to triglyceride polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Pluntze
- Global Research and Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 64550 Research Road, Bend, OR 97703, United States.
| | - Jonathan L Cape
- Multiparticulate Product Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 63045 NE Corporate Place, Bend, OR 97701, United States
| | - Nathaniel D Klaus
- Multiparticulate Product Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 63045 NE Corporate Place, Bend, OR 97701, United States
| | - David K Lyon
- Global Research and Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 64550 Research Road, Bend, OR 97703, United States
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10
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SEDEX-Self-Emulsifying Delivery Via Hot Melt Extrusion: A Continuous Pilot-Scale Feasibility Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122617. [PMID: 36559111 PMCID: PMC9783592 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a continuous pilot-scale solidification and characterization of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) via hot melt extrusion (HME) using Soluplus® and Kollidon® VA-64. First, an oil-binding capacity study was performed to estimate the maximal amount of SEDDSs that the polymers could bind. Then, HME was conducted using a Coperion 18 mm ZSK18 pilot plant-scale extruder with split-feeding of polymer and SEDDS in 10, 20, and 30% w/w SEDDSs was conducted. The prepared extrudates were characterized depending on appearance, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray scattering, emulsification time, droplet size, polydispersity index, and cloud point. The oil-binding studies showed that the polymers were able to bind up to 50% w/w of liquid SEDDSs. The polymers were processed via HME in a temperature range between 110 and 160 °C, where a plasticizing effect of the SEDDSs was observed. The extrudates were found to be stable in the amorphous state and self-emulsified in demineralized water at 37 °C with mean droplet sizes between 50 and 300 nm. A cloud point and phase inversion were evident in the Soluplus® samples. In conclusion, processing SEDDSs with HME could be considered a promising alternative to the established solidification techniques as well as classic amorphous solid dispersions for drug delivery.
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Murshed M, Salim M, Boyd BJ. Existing and emerging mitigation strategies for the prevention of accidental overdose from oral pharmaceutical products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:201-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Petřík J, Rychecký O, Krejčí T, Becherová L, Trunov D, Prachár M, Navrátil O, Žvátora P, Krejčík L, Dammer O, Beránek J, Kozlík P, Křížek T, Šoóš M, Heřt J, Bissola S, Berto S, Štěpánek F. Pharmaceutical Product Characterization and Manufacturability of Surfactant-Enriched Oil Marbles with Abiraterone Acetate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:274. [PMID: 36207549 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the physicochemical properties and stability of a novel lipid-based formulation-surfactant-enriched oil marbles containing abiraterone acetate. While the biopharmaceutical performance of this formulation has been reported recently, this study aims to fill the gap between a promising in vivo performance and industrial applicability. A series of techniques were employed to assess the solid-state characteristics of oil marble cores along with their physicochemical properties upon stability testing. The chemical stability of abiraterone acetate in the formulation was also investigated. The core of the formulation was found to be stable both physically and chemically over 12 months of storage. The in vitro performance of stressed samples was evaluated using a dissolution experiment. The formulation has successfully self-emulsified upon incubation in bio-relevant media, resulting in a fast and complete API release. An important issue connected with the excipient used as a covering material of oil marbles has been identified. The seemingly insignificant water sorption caused agglomeration of the oil marbles and consequently compromised the dissolution rate in some of the stressed samples. Replacing HPMC with lactose as a covering material resulted in more favorable properties upon storage. Overall, it has been shown that oil marbles are an industrially applicable concept of the solidified lipid-based formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Petřík
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Rychecký
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Krejčí
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Becherová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Trunov
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maximilián Prachár
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Navrátil
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Žvátora
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Krejčík
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Dammer
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Beránek
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šoóš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Heřt
- Zentiva, k.s. U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Samuele Bissola
- DottBonapace &C srl, Via A.Merli 10/A, Cusano Milanino (MI), Italy
| | - Simone Berto
- DottBonapace &C srl, Via A.Merli 10/A, Cusano Milanino (MI), Italy
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kovačević M, German Ilić I, Bolko Seljak K, Zvonar Pobirk A. High-Shear Wet Granulation of SMEDDS Based on Mesoporous Carriers for Improved Carvedilol Solubility. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102077. [PMID: 36297512 PMCID: PMC9606924 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous carriers are a convenient choice for the solidification of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) designed to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. They are known for high liquid load capacity and the ability to maintain characteristics of dry, free-flowing powders. Therefore, five different mesoporous carriers were used for the preparation of carvedilol-loaded SMEDDS granules by wet granulation methods—in paten (manually) and using a high-shear (HS) granulator. Granules with the highest SMEDDS content (63% and 66% of total granules mass, respectively) and suitable flow properties were obtained by Syloid® 244FP and Neusilin® US2. SMEDDS loaded granules produced by HS granulation showed superior flow characteristics compared to those obtained manually. All SMEDDS granules exhibited fast in vitro release, with 93% of carvedilol releasing from Syloid® 244FP-based granules in 5 min. Upon compaction into self-microemulsifying tablets, suitable tablet hardness and very fast disintegration time were achieved, thus producing orodispersible tablets. The compaction slightly slowed down the carvedilol release rate; nevertheless, upon 1 h (at pH 1.2) or 4 h (at pH 6.8) of in vitro dissolution testing, the amount of released drug was comparable with granules, confirming the suitability of orodispersible tablets for the production of the SMEDDS loaded single unit oral dosage form.
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Zupančič O, Spoerk M, Paudel A. Lipid-based solubilization technology via hot melt extrusion: promises and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1013-1032. [PMID: 35943158 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs (PWSD). The excipients of SEDDS enable permeation through the mucus and gastro-intestinal barrier, inhibiting efflux transporters (e.g. P-glycoprotein) of drugs. Poor drug loading capacity and formulation instability are the main setbacks of traditional SEDDS. The use of polymeric precipitation inhibitors was shown to create supersaturable SEDDS with increased drug payload, and their solidification can help to overcome the instability challenge. As an alternative to several existing SEDDS solidification technologies, hot melt extrusion (HME) holds the potential for lean and continuous manufacturing of supersaturable solid-SEDDS. Despite being ubiquitously applied in solid lipid and polymeric processing, HME has not yet been widely considered for the preparation of SEDDS. AREAS COVERED The review begins with the rationale why SEDDS as the preferred lipid-based delivery systems (LBDS) is suitable for the oral delivery of PWSD and discusses the common barriers to oral administration. The potential of LBDS to surmount them is discussed. SEDDS as the flagship of LBDS for PWSD is proposed with a special emphasis on solid-SEDDS. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of HME from the lipid-based excipient (LBE) processing and product performance standpoint are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION HME can be a continuous, solvent-free, cost-effective, and scalable technology for manufacturing solid supersaturable SEDDS. Several critical formulations and process parameters in successfully preparing SEDDS via HME are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Spoerk
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Mehio N, Frericks Schmidt HL, Wood GPF, Hancock BC, Shanker RM, Bartlett JA, Shamblin SL. Binary isobaric phase diagrams of stearyl alcohol-poloxamer 407 formulations in the molten and solid state. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121908. [PMID: 35700869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiparticulate formulations allow for the design of specialized pharmaceutical dosage forms that cater to the needs of a wide range of patient demographics, such as pediatric and geriatric populations, by affording control over the release rate and facilitating the formulation of fixed-dose combination drugs. Melt spray-congealing (MSC) is a method for preparing multiparticulate dosage forms from a suspension or solid solution of active pharamaceutical ingredients (API) and a molten carrier matrix. Stearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 mixtures are widely used as carrier matrices in MSC microsphere formulations. In this report, the phase equilibria of stearyl alcohol-poloxamer 407 mixtures were investigated by generating binary phase diagrams of composition, i.e. weight/weight percent of poloxamer 407 in stearyl alcohol, and temperature in the molten form and the solid state. The phase equilibria of the molten state were characterized by 1H NMR measurements. The miscibility curves of stearyl alcohol-poloxamer 407 molten mixtures revealed that stearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 are not miscible in all proportions and that miscibility substantially increases with temperature. The phase equilibria of the solid state were characterized by DSC and PXRD experiments. The phase diagrams of the solid state indicate that stearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 crystallize and melt separately and, thus, do not form a eutectic or a single phase. The phases equilibria of the bulk mixtures were compared to the phases observed in placebo MSC microspheres and it was determined that the microspheres consist of a mixture of thermodynamically stable and metastable stearyl alcohol crystals immediately after manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Mehio
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | - Geoffrey P F Wood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Bruno C Hancock
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Ravi M Shanker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jeremy A Bartlett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Sheri L Shamblin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Woerthmann B, Totzauer L, Briesen H. Delamination and wetting behavior of natural hot-melt coating materials. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nakmode D, Bhavana V, Thakor P, Madan J, Singh PK, Singh SB, Rosenholm JM, Bansal KK, Mehra NK. Fundamental Aspects of Lipid-Based Excipients in Lipid-Based Product Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040831. [PMID: 35456665 PMCID: PMC9025782 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility of drugs is still a foremost challenge in pharmaceutical product development. The use of lipids in designing formulations provides an opportunity to enhance the aqueous solubility and consequently bioavailability of drugs. Pre-dissolution of drugs in lipids, surfactants, or mixtures of lipid excipients and surfactants eliminate the dissolution/dissolving step, which is likely to be the rate-limiting factor for oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this review, we exhaustively summarize the lipids excipients in relation to their classification, absorption mechanisms, and lipid-based product development. Methodologies utilized for the preparation of solid and semi-solid lipid formulations, applications, phase behaviour, and regulatory perspective of lipid excipients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Nakmode
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India; (D.N.); (V.B.); (P.T.); (J.M.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Valamla Bhavana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India; (D.N.); (V.B.); (P.T.); (J.M.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Pradip Thakor
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India; (D.N.); (V.B.); (P.T.); (J.M.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Jitender Madan
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India; (D.N.); (V.B.); (P.T.); (J.M.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India; (D.N.); (V.B.); (P.T.); (J.M.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India;
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Kuldeep K. Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India; (D.N.); (V.B.); (P.T.); (J.M.); (P.K.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (N.K.M.)
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Al Zahabi KH, Ben tkhayat H, Abu-Basha E, Sallam AS, Younes HM. Formulation of Lipid-Based Tableted Spray-Congealed Microparticles for Sustained Release of Vildagliptin: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2158. [PMID: 34959439 PMCID: PMC8709051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spray-congealing (SPC) technology was utilized to prepare lipid-based microparticles (MP) capable of sustaining the release of Vildagliptin (VG) for use as a once-daily treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. VG microparticles were prepared using Compritol® and Gelucire®50/13 as lipid carriers in the presence of various amounts of Carbomer 934 NF. The lipid carriers were heated to 10 °C above their melting points, and VG was dispersed in the lipid melt and sprayed through the heated two-fluid nozzle of the spray congealer to prepare the VG-loaded MP (VGMP). The microparticles produced were then compressed into tablets and characterized for their morphological and physicochemical characteristics, content analysis, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo bioavailability studies in mixed-breed dogs. The VGMP were spherical with a yield of 76% of the total amount. VG was found to be in its semicrystalline form, with a drug content of 11.11% per tablet and a percentage drug recovery reaching 98.8%. The in vitro dissolution studies showed that VG was released from the tableted particles in a sustained-release fashion for up to 24 h compared with the immediate-release marketed tablets from which VG was completely released within 30 min. The in vivo pharmacokinetics studies reported a Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, and MRT of 118 ng/mL, 3.4 h, 5.27 h, and 9.8 h, respectively, for the SPC formulations, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05)) from the pk parameters of the immediate-release marketed drug (147 ng/mL, 1 h, 2.16 h, and 2.8 h, respectively). The area under the peak (AUC) of both the reference and tested formulations was comparable to indicate similar bioavailabilities. The in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) studies using multiple level C correlations showed a linear correlation between in vivo pharmacokinetics and dissolution parameters. In conclusion, SPC was successfully utilized to prepare a once-daily sustained-release VG oral drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled H. Al Zahabi
- Tissue Engineering & Nanopharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (K.H.A.Z.); (H.B.t.)
| | - Hind Ben tkhayat
- Tissue Engineering & Nanopharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (K.H.A.Z.); (H.B.t.)
| | - Ehab Abu-Basha
- Department of Veterinary Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | | | - Husam M. Younes
- Tissue Engineering & Nanopharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (K.H.A.Z.); (H.B.t.)
- Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of a Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Using Oily Liquid Tocotrienols as Model Active Substance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111777. [PMID: 34834191 PMCID: PMC8621674 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) can improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (s-SEDDS) offer several advantages including improved drug stability, ease of administration, and production. Most compounds employed in developing s-SEDDS are solid in nature, with a high amount of surfactants added. The aim of this study was to develop an s-SEDDS using a tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) as the model liquid active substance via a simple adsorption method. The solid formulation was developed using magnesium aluminosilicate as the carrier with 70% TRF and 30% surfactants (poloxamer and Labrasol®). The formulation showed good self-emulsification efficiency with stable emulsion formed, excellent powder flowability, and small emulsion droplet size of 210–277 nm. The s-SEDDS with combined surfactants (poloxamer and Labrasol®) showed a faster absorption rate compared to preparations with only a single surfactant and enhanced oral bioavailability (3.4–3.8 times higher) compared to the non-self-emulsifying oily preparation when administered at a fasted state in rats. In conclusion, an s-SEDDS containing a high amount of TRF was successfully developed. It may serve as a useful alternative to a liquid product with enhanced oral bioavailability and the added advantage of being a solid dosage form.
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Budhathoki U, Adhikari S, Thapa P. Development and characterization of hygroscopicity controlled sustain release formulation of divalproex sodium. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 19:422-430. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.57615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Schertel S, Salar-Behzadi S, Karrer J, Laggner P, Zimmer A. Impact of polysorbate 65 on tripalmitin crystal growth and release stability of hot melt coated multiparticulate systems. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120970. [PMID: 34363917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) multiparticulate systems (MPS) were hot melt coated with the binary mixture of tripalmitin (PPP) and polysorbate 65 (PS 65) to gain an immediate release profile. Once, HCT MPS were produced with a constant ratio of PPP/PS 65 (90:10) at three different coating amounts (15, 25, and 60%w/w) and once the PPP/PS 65 ratio was varied on 98:2 and 80:20, by keeping the coating amount at 60%w/w. PS 65 induced the polymorphic transformation of PPP from the α-form to its most stable β-form right after the hot melt coating (HMC). A release alteration of HCT, either accelerated or decelerated, occurred after the storage under accelerated conditions. The effect of the API core on the lipid lamellar configuration, the thermal behavior of lipid coating, and the effect of PS 65 concentration on the crystal growth of PPP were investigated via X-ray diffraction and DSC. While a low amount of PS 65 was sufficient to promote crystal growth of PPP and resulted in a decelerated release of HCT from the coating, a higher PS 65 concentration favored phase separation of PPP and PS 65 and led to an accelerated release. The increase in PS 65 reinforced the molecular interaction with the lipophilic HCT, reflected in less crystal growth and decelerated release. The knowledge presented in this study supports understanding the instability of binary emulsifier-lipid coating systems, paving the way for developing robust HMC formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schertel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Hermes Arzneimittel GmbH, Division Hermes Pharma, 82049 Pullach, Germany
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Karrer
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Laggner
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Liquid Lipids Act as Polymorphic Modifiers of Tristearin-Based Formulations Produced by Melting Technologies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071089. [PMID: 34371779 PMCID: PMC8308959 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in lipid-based formulations, their polymorphism is still a challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. Understanding and controlling the polymorphic behavior of lipids is a key element for achieving the quality and preventing stability issues. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different oral-approved liquid lipids (LL) on the polymorphism, phase transitions and structure of solid lipid-based formulations and explore their influence on drug release. The LL investigated were isopropyl myristate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, medium chain trigycerides, vitamin E acetate, glyceryl monooleate, lecithin and sorbitane monooleate. Spray-congealing was selected as an example of a melting-based solvent-free manufacturing method to produce microparticles (MPs) of tristearin (Dynasan®118). During the production process, tristearin MPs crystallized in the metastable α-form. Stability studied evidenced a slow phase transition to the stable β-polymorph overtime, with the presence of the α-form still detected after 60 days of storage at 25 °C. The addition of 10% w/w of LL promoted the transition of tristearin from the α-form to the stable β-form with a kinetic varying from few minutes to days, depending on the specific LL. The combination of various techniques (DSC, X-ray diffraction analysis, Hot-stage polarized light microscopy, SEM) showed that the addition of LL significantly modified the crystal structure of tristearin-based formulations at different length scales. Both the polymorphic form and the LL addition had a strong influence on the release behavior of a model hydrophilic drug (caffeine). Overall, the addition of LL can be considered an interesting approach to control triglyceride crystallization in the β-form. From the industrial viewpoint, this approach might be advantageous as any polymorphic change will be complete before storage, hence enabling the production of stable lipid formulations.
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23
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Simões MF, Pinto RMA, Simões S. Hot-Melt Extrusion: a Roadmap for Product Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:184. [PMID: 34142250 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion has found extensive application as a feasible pharmaceutical technological option over recent years. HME applications include solubility enhancement, taste masking, and sustained drug release. As bioavailability enhancement is a hot topic of today's science, one of the main applications of HME is centered on amorphous solid dispersions. This review describes the most significant aspects of HME technology and its use to prepare solid dispersions as a drug formulation strategy to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. It also addresses molecular and thermodynamic features critical for the physicochemical properties of these systems, mainly in what concerns miscibility and physical stability. Moreover, the importance of applying the Quality by Design philosophy in drug development is also discussed, as well as process analytical technologies in pharmaceutical HME monitoring, under the current standards of product development and regulatory guidance. Graphical Abstract.
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Dermatokinetic assessment of luliconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for topical delivery: QbD-driven design, optimization, and in vitro and ex vivo evaluations. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1118-1135. [PMID: 33895936 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is concerned with the QbD-based design and development of luliconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) hydrogel for enhanced skin retention and permeation. The NLCs formulation was optimized employing a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design. The effect of formulation variable lipid content, surfactant concentration, and sonication time was studied on particle size and % EE. The optimized formulation exhibited particle size of 86.480 ± 0.799 nm; 0.213 ± 0.004 PDI, ≥ - 10 mV zeta potential and 85.770 ± 0.503% EE. The in vitro release studies revealed sustained release of NLCs up to 42 h. The designed formulation showed desirable occlusivity, spreadability (0.748 ± 0.160), extrudability (3.130 ± 1.570), and the assay was found to be 99.520 ± 0.890%. The dermatokinetics assessment revealed the Cmax Skin to be ~ 2-fold higher and AUC0-24 to be ~ 3-fold higher in the epidermis and dermis of NLCs loaded gel in contrast with the marketed cream. The Tmax of both the formulations was found to be 6 h in the epidermis and dermis. The obtained results suggested that luliconazole NLCs can serve as a promising formulation to enhance luliconazole's antifungal activity and also in increasing patient compliance by reducing the frequency of application.
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Ignjatović J, Đuriš J, Đuriš M, Bočarski T, Vasilijević V, Aleksić I, Cvijić S. Assessment of hot-melt coating methods for multiparticulate substrates: Mortar-coating vs. pan-coating. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm71-30266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt coating (HMC) is an alternative, solvent-free coating method generally used to modify substrate release rate and/or mask its unpleasant taste. The aim of this study was to assess two HMC methods (pan-coating and mortar-coating) by assaying functional properties of the coated material. The selected substrates included highly soluble sodium chloride (model substance) and caffeine (bitter drug), and the coating agent was glycerol distearate without/with the addition of liquid paraffin. Experiments with sodium chloride revealed that pan-coating yielded particles of more regular shape, while mortar-coating yielded samples of more uniform coating layer. The flowability of the coated material depended on the particle size. Sustained sodium chloride release was achieved for all mortar-coated and some pan-coated samples. The analysis of the results indicated mortar-coating as a preferable HMC method for caffeine coating. The resulting caffeine yield in the coated samples was high (99%), the material showed satisfactory mechanical properties and drug release from the coated particles was sustained. Overall, the obtained results suggest that both pan-and mortar-coating can be used to sustain the release of drugs with unpleasant taste, but mortar-coating can be considered as a more simple and practical method that can be potentially used in compounding pharmacies.
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Banerjee S, Joshi U, Singh A, Saharan VA. Lipids for Taste masking and Taste assessment in pharmaceutical formulations. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 235:105031. [PMID: 33352198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products often have drawbacks of unacceptable taste and palatability which makes it quite difficult for oral administration to some special populations like pediatrics and geriatrics. To curb this issue different approaches like coating, granulation, extrusion, inclusion complexation, ion-exchange resins, etc for taste masking are employed and among them use of lipids have drawn special attention of researchers. Lipids have a lower melting point which is ideal for incorporating drugs in some of these methods like hot-melt extrusion, melt granulation, spray drying/congealing and emulsification. Lipids play a significant role as a barrier to sustain the release of drugs and biocompatible nature of lipids increases their acceptability by the human body. Further, lipids provide vast opportunities of altering pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients by modulating release profiles. In taste sensors, also known as electronic tongue or e-tongue, lipids are used in preparing taste sensing membranes which are subsequently used in preparing taste sensors. Lipid membrane taste sensors have been widely used in assessing taste and palatability of pharmaceutical and food formulations. This review explores applications of lipids in masking the bitter taste in pharmaceutical formulations and significant role of lipids in evaluation of taste and palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Ujjwal Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
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27
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Bhagwat GS, Athawale RB, Gude RP, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Kesharwani P. Formulation and Development of Transferrin Targeted Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:614290. [PMID: 33329007 PMCID: PMC7729133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is conventionally treated by surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by post operational hormonal therapy. Tamoxifen citrate is a best option to treat breast cancer because its selective estrogen receptor modulation activity. Owing to its antiestrogenic action on breast as well as uterine cells, Tamoxifen citrate shows uterine toxicity. The dose 20 mg per day of Tamoxifen citrate required to show therapeutic effect causes side effects and toxicity to vital organs such as liver, kidney and uterus. In the present study, transferrin-conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were successfully prepared to enhance the active targeting of tamoxifen citrate in breast cancer. Developed formulations were evaluated for particle size, surface charge, surface morphology and in vitro dissolution studies. Developed formulations exhibited more cytotoxicity as compared to pure Tamoxifen citrate solution in time as well as concentration dependent manner on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Further, cell uptake and flow cytometry studies confirmed the qualitative uptake of developed D-SLN and SMD-SLN by human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Overall, proposed study highlights that transferrin engineered nanocarriers could enhance the therapeutic response of nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajani B. Athawale
- Prin. K. M. Kundanani College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India,*Correspondence: Prashant Kesharwani, ; Rajani B. Athawale,
| | - Rajeev P. Gude
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Prashant Kesharwani, ; Rajani B. Athawale,
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28
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Cape JL, Pluntze AM, Nelson ML, Seymour JD, Miller WK, Dower AM, Buchanan SS. Mechanisms of water permeation and diffusive API release from stearyl alcohol and glyceryl behenate modified release matrices. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119819. [PMID: 32871217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to develop complimentary analytical tools for lipid formulation selection that offer insights into the mechanisms of in-vitro drug release for solid lipid modified release excipients. Such tools are envisioned to aide and expedite the time consuming process of formulation selection and development. Two pharmaceutically relevant solid lipid excipients are investigated, stearyl alcohol and glyceryl behenate, which are generally known to exhibit faster and slower relative release rates, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusometry are used, along with water uptake and dissolution experiments to help distinguish between two proposed in-vitro release mechanisms for crystalline caffeine from these matrices: 1) rate limiting movement of the wetting front through the particle, and 2) rate limiting diffusive release of the active from the wetted particle. Findings based on water permeation rates, API diffusion coefficients and kinetic modeling suggest that the rate limiting steps for caffeine release from these matrices are different, with stearyl alcohol being co-rate limited by movement of the wetting front and diffusive release of API, whereas glyceryl behenate is more strictly limited by diffusive release of API from the wetted matrix. A Peclet-like number is proposed to describe the different regimes of rate limitation for drug release. NMR spectroscopy and diffusometry are demonstrated to be useful tools for elucidating mechanisms of API release from crystalline drug/lipid mixtures and have significant potential value as screening tools in MR formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Cape
- Research and Development, Lonza Pharma, Biotech and Nutrition, Bend, OR, USA.
| | - Amanda M Pluntze
- Research and Development, Lonza Pharma, Biotech and Nutrition, Bend, OR, USA
| | - Madison L Nelson
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3920, USA
| | - Joseph D Seymour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3920, USA
| | - Warren K Miller
- Research and Development, Lonza Pharma, Biotech and Nutrition, Bend, OR, USA
| | - April M Dower
- Research and Development, Lonza Pharma, Biotech and Nutrition, Bend, OR, USA
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Dharani S, Barakh Ali SF, Afrooz H, Khan MA, Rahman Z. Studying effect of glyceryl palmitostearate amount, manufacturing method and stability on polymorphic transformation and dissolution of rifaximin tablets. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119785. [PMID: 32822778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rifaximin (RFX) exhibit polymorphism and commercial formulation contains the α form. The polymorphic transformation of the RFX in the drug product have significant effect on the clinical outcome. The focus of present work was to understand effect of formulation component and manufacturing method, and exposure to stability condition on polymorphic stability and dissolution of RFX tablets. The RFX tablets containing 2.5, 5 and 10% glyceryl palmitostearate (GPS) were manufactured by direct-compression and wet-granulation followed by compression. Ethanol was used as a granulating solvent. The tablets were packed in pharmacy vials and exposed to 40 °C/75% RH for four weeks. The tablets were characterized for polymorphic form by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), assay and dissolution. Before exposure to stability condition, dissolution ranged from 78.0 ± 2.3 to 81.9 ± 3.5%, and 72.7 ± 2.0 and 75.9 ± 5.8% in directly compressed and ethanol-granulated formulations, respectively. GPS amount of 10% caused a decrease in dissolution albeit insignificant (p > 0.05). The polymorphic forms of RFX were α and γ in directly compressed and ethanol-granulated formulations, respectively. There was a decrease in dissolution rate and extent after exposure to 40 °C/75% RH in directly compressed formulations. On the other hand, only dissolution rate was affected in ethanol-granulated formulations. The dissolution ranged from 52.8 ± 2.0 to 70.0 ± 3.0% in directly compressed formulations after four weeks exposure to 40 °C/75% RH exposure. A decrease in dissolution was linked to polymorphic transformation of the drug and GPS in the formulations after exposure to stability condition. XRPD and FTIR data indicated α to β transformation in directly compressed formulations while no polymorphic change was observed in ethanol-granulated formulations. In conclusion, this study clearly showed effect of formulation and manufacturing variables, and stability exposure on the polymorphic stability and dissolution of RFX, which may have clinical ramification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Dharani
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sogra F Barakh Ali
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hamideh Afrooz
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Chauhan G, Shaik AA, Kulkarni NS, Gupta V. The preparation of lipid-based drug delivery system using melt extrusion. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30330-5. [PMID: 32835807 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Melt extrusion of lipids is versatile with high applicability in the pharmaceutical industry. The formulations prepared can be easily customized depending on the requirements, and have the potential to open a window on personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abdul A Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Current address: School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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31
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Pitushkin DA, Burmistrov VV, Butov GM. Synthesis and Properties of 1,3-Disubstituted Ureas and Their
Isosteric Analogs Containing Polycyclic Fragments: IV.1
1-(Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-3-(fluoro, chlorophenyl)ureas. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7520165 DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020080023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl isocyanate with fluoro- and
chloro-substituted anilines was used to synthesize in a yield of 25–68% a series
of 1,3-disubstituted ureas containing a lipophilic group in their structure. The
synthesized ureas are promising as inhibitors of RNA virus replication and human
soluble epoxide hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Pitushkin
- Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), 400005 Volgograd, Russia
- Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute, VSTU Branch, 404121 Volzhsky, Russia
| | - V. V. Burmistrov
- Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), 400005 Volgograd, Russia
- Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute, VSTU Branch, 404121 Volzhsky, Russia
| | - G. M. Butov
- Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), 400005 Volgograd, Russia
- Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute, VSTU Branch, 404121 Volzhsky, Russia
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32
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Kittikunakorn N, Liu T, Zhang F. Twin-screw melt granulation: Current progress and challenges. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119670. [PMID: 32739382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Twin-screw melt granulation (TSMG) is a new alternative method for granulation that offers several advantages over wet and dry granulation methods. TSMG has rapidly gained interest over recent years in the pharmaceutical industry. Since it is an inherently continuous process with controlled temperature and shear history, TSMG produces products with more consistent quality than the batch process. Several studies have investigated how various formulation and processing parameters influence granulation behavior and granule properties; however, there are still challenges that require a better mechanistic understanding. This review summarizes the current progress of TSMG while highlighting how various formulation and process parameters affect the physicochemical properties of granules. The challenges related to the process-induced physicochemical changes of drug substances are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Kittikunakorn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409, University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Tongzhou Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409, University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409, University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Spray congealed solid lipid microparticles as a sustained release delivery system for Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe]: Production, optimization and in vitro release behavior. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:18-32. [PMID: 32599272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release lipid microparticles for a potential veterinary application were produced by the means of spray congealing using saturated triglycerides with respective surfactants. The spray congealing process was optimized using unloaded and loaded microparticles, revealing the highest impact of the spray flow on material loss. Yield could be optimized by increasing the spray flow as well as a reduction of the melt temperature from 90 to 75 °C. For the delivery system developed in this study, a release of around 15 days was targeted. The release profile was in first hand determined with the use of model substances (aspartame and tryptophan), before incorporating the decapeptide Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe]. Release could be controlled between 2 and 28 d, which was dependent on stability of microparticles upon incubation, type and concentration of emulsifier, as well as the used triglyceride. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the crystallization behavior of C14 and C16-triglycerides in combination with various emulsifiers in different modification without impact on release.
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34
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Tsintavi E, Rekkas DM, Bettini R. Partial tablet coating by 3D printing. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Simões MF, Nogueira BA, Tabanez AM, Fausto R, Pinto RM, Simões S. Enhanced solid-state stability of amorphous ibrutinib formulations prepared by hot-melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Corzo C, Lopes DG, Lochmann D, Reyer S, Stehr M, Salar-Behzadi S. Novel approach for overcoming the stability challenges of lipid-based excipients. Part 1: Screening of solid-state and physical properties of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids as advanced pharmaceutical excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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De Coninck E, Vanhoorne V, Boone M, Van Assche G, De Geest BG, De Beer T, Vervaet C. Prilling of API/fatty acid suspensions: Screening of additives for drug release modification. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:119022. [PMID: 31926276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current study screened additives which could modify the drug release from prills made of an active pharmaceutical ingredient/fatty acid (API/FA) suspension, without negatively influencing the processability and/or stability of the formulation. Therefore, 11 additives (i.e. emulsifiers, pore-formers and FA-based lubricants) were added in a 20% concentration to a paracetamol/behenic acid formulation. Two additives, Kolliphor® P338 and P407 provided complete drug release in less than 1 h, as their thermoreversible gel formation resulted in a disintegration of the prills. Lower Kolliphor® P338 or P407 concentrations (2.5-10%) resulted in a complete but slower drug release in 24 h as the prills no longer disintegrated and the release mechanism was dominated by pore-formation. Prills with a robust drug release profile (i.e. independent of pH and surfactant concentration of the dissolution medium) were obtained after the addition of ≥5% Kolliphor® P338 or P407 to the FA-based formulation. Based on a 6-month stability study, it was concluded that Kolliphor® P407 was a suitable additive to modify the drug release profile of API/FA suspension-based prills when formulations were stored below 25 °C at low relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Coninck
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - G Van Assche
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - B G De Geest
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - T De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Salar-Behzadi S, Corzo C, Gomes Lopes D, Meindl C, Lochmann D, Reyer S. Novel approach for overcoming the stability challenges of lipid-based excipients. Part 2: Application of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids as hot melt coating excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:107-117. [PMID: 31982575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of hot melt coating (HMC) as an economic and solvent-free technology is restricted in pharmaceutical development, due to the instable solid-state of HMC excipients resulting in drug release instability. We have previously introduced polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGFAs) with stable solid-state (Part 1). In this work we showed a novel application of PGFAs as HMC excipients with stable performance. Three PGFA compounds with a HLB range of 5.1-6.2 were selected for developing immediate-release formulations. The HMC properties were investigated. The viscosity of molten lipids at 100 °C was suitable for atomizing. The DSC data showed the absence of low solidification fractions, thus reduced risk of agglomeration during the coating process. The driving force for crystallization of selected compounds was lower and the heat flow exotherms were broader compared to conventional HMC formulations, indicating a lower energy barrier for nucleation and lower crystallization rate. Lower spray rates and a process temperature close to solidification temperature were desired to provide homogeneous coating. DSC and X-ray diffraction data revealed stable solid state during 6 months storage at 40 °C. API release was directly proportional to HLB and indirectly proportional to crystalline network density and was stable during investigated 3 months. Cytotoxicity was assessed by dehydrogenase activity and no in vitro cytotoxic effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Carolina Corzo
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Milanovic A, Aleksic I, Ibric S, Parojcic J, Cvijic S. Tableting of hot-melt coated paracetamol granules: Material tableting properties and quality characteristics of the obtained tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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De Coninck E, Vanhoorne V, Elmahdy A, Boone M, Van Assche G, Markl D, De Geest BG, De Beer T, Vervaet C. Prilling of API/fatty acid suspensions: Processability and characterisation. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118756. [PMID: 31648017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current study evaluated the processability and characteristics of prills made of an active pharmaceutical ingredient/fatty acid (API/FA) suspension instead of previously studied API/FA solutions to enlarge the application field of prilling. Metformin hydrochloride (MET) and paracetamol (PAR) were used as model APIs while both the effect of drug load (10-40%) and FA chain length (C14-C22) were evaluated. API/FA suspensions were processable on lab-scale prilling equipment without thermal degradation, nozzle obstruction or sedimentation in function of processing time. The collected prills were spherical (AR ≥ 0.898) with a smooth surface (sphericity ≥ 0.914) and a particle size of ±2.3 mm and 2.4 mm for MET and PAR prills, respectively, independent of drug load and/or FA chain length. In vitro drug release evaluation revealed a faster drug release at higher drug load, higher API water solubility and shorter FA chain length. Solid state characterisation via XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed that API and FA crystallinity was maintained after thermal processing via prilling and during storage. Evaluation of the similarity factor indicated a stable drug release (f2 > 50) from MET and PAR prills after 6 months storage at 25 °C or 40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Coninck
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - A Elmahdy
- Materials Science and Technology - DyMaLab Research Group, Department of Electromechanical Systems and Materials, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - M Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - G Van Assche
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - D Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - B G De Geest
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - T De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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41
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Goslinska M, Heinrich S. Characterization of waxes as possible coating material for organic aerogels. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Abstract
Spray congealing is a low cost, simple and versatile method to produce microparticles without the use of organic or aqueous solvent. This review provides a detailed picture of the pharmaceutical applications of this technology, with an overview of the spray-congealed-based drug-delivery systems. First, the basic principles and equipment of spray congealing technology are presented. Then, representative examples of the drug-delivery systems are examined and critically discussed. Emphasis is given on the role of formulation variables, together with practical considerations for formulation design. In addition, the current status of the industrial applications of this technology within the pharmaceutical field is examined. The final part points out benefits, limitations and future perspectives of this technology in drug delivery.
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Simões MF, Pinto RM, Simões S. Hot-melt extrusion in the pharmaceutical industry: toward filing a new drug application. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1749-1768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Salar-Behzadi S, Corzo C, Schaden L, Laggner P, Zimmer A. Correlation between the solid state of lipid coating and release profile of API from hot melt coated microcapsules. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:569-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Albertini B, Bertoni S, Perissutti B, Passerini N. An investigation into the release behavior of solid lipid microparticles in different simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:276-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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High shear blending with glyceryl distearate provides individually coated drug particles for effective taste masking. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Dolci LS, Passerini N. Spray congealed lipid microparticles for the local delivery of β-galactosidase to the small intestine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:1-10. [PMID: 30176285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral local delivery of therapeutic biologics is generally limited due to the multiple obstacles of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mainly represented by acidic stomach pH and digestive enzymes. In the present study, spray congealing was used to prepare solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) loaded with β-galactosidase (lactase), an enzyme used for the treatment of lactose intolerance, to achieve a local drug delivery to the small intestine. Lactase was characterized in terms of activity at different pH, kinetic parameters and proteolytic degradation by digestive enzymes. Then, five lipid excipients were used to prepare unloaded SLMs, which were tested regarding lipase-induced digestion. The lipid with the best performance (glyceryl trimyristate) was used to prepare lactase-loaded SLMs. Spray congealed SLMs were spherical with very good encapsulation efficiency (>95%). The ability of the SLMs to protect the enzyme from the degradation in gastric environment was correlated with the particle size and the best formulation preserved the lactase activity up to 70%. Lactase was promptly released in simulated intestinal environment, and an in vitro positive food effect was observed. The present study demonstrated the potential of spray congealing for the preparation of solid lipid formulations able to achieve local oral delivery of a biologic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Stella Dolci
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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48
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El-Say KM, Hosny KM. Optimization of carvedilol solid lipid nanoparticles: An approach to control the release and enhance the oral bioavailability on rabbits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203405. [PMID: 30161251 PMCID: PMC6117064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are prospective carriers for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs with low bioavailability. Therefore, the study aimed at developing carvedilol (CVD) in SLNs to control its release and enhance its bioavailability in the management of hypertension, and cardiac diseases. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the variables affecting the quality of CVD-SLNs which prepared by homogenization-ultrasonication technique. The concentrations of Percirol (X1), Gelucire (X2), and stearylamine (X3) were chosen as the crucial independent variables. The dependent variables were estimated and analyzed by Statgraphics software to achieve the optimum characteristics of the developed SLNs. The optimized SLNs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for pharmacokinetic parameters on male New Zealand white rabbits. The results of this study revealed that the CVD-SLNs have a colloidal size of 31.3 nm with zeta potential of 24.25 mV indicating good stability and 91.43% entrapment efficiency. The in vitro release of CVD from the SLNs was best fitted to Hixon-Crowell model that describes the release from the particles with uniform size. The in vivo pharmacokinetics results indicated the prolongation in the mean residence time of CVD to 23 h when delivered in SLNs and its oral bioavailability enhanced by more than 2-folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mohamed El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Mohamed Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Hot-melt coating with Precirol ATO 5 in a fluidized-bed apparatus: Application of experimental design in the optimization of process parameters. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Vollrath M, Engert J, Winter G. New insights into process understanding of solid lipid extrusion (SLE) of extruded lipid implants for sustained protein delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:11-21. [PMID: 29913270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is a better understanding of solid lipid extrusion (SLE) for protein depot production using a lab-scale twin-screw (tsc)-extruder. In this context, little is known about the relationship of process parameters such as extrusion temperature, screw speed, or formulation on implant characteristics. It is difficult to attribute release characteristics to only one parameter, since the release will always be influenced by a combination of parameters. In this study, we describe the use of an online pressure measurement tool which allows to characterize pressure profiles during an extrusion run. We systematically investigated the impact of various process parameters on implant properties as well as release patterns using a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Solid lipid implants (SLIs) were produced by tsc-extrusion using the low melting triglyceride H12 and the high melting triglyceride Dynasan® D118. A mAb available in a freeze-dried matrix containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrine (HP-β-CD) was used as incorporated active pharmaceutical ingredient. Extrusion temperature (33-37 °C), screw speed (40-80 rpm) and the lipid composition (30-70% of each triglyceride) were modified. Additionally, freshly extruded SLIs were ground and extruded again as a preparation technique to optimize properties of SLIs. Using the pressure monitoring tool, four characteristic phases were defined for an extrusion run. We found that both, sufficient pressure and adequately molten material, is needed to form a suitable implant. Using the double extrusion technique, release rates could substantially be slowed down without changing formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Vollrath
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Engert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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