1
|
Niloy KK, Lowe TL. Injectable systems for long-lasting insulin therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115121. [PMID: 37898336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin therapy is the mainstay to treat diabetes characterizedd by hyperglycemia. However, its short half-life of only 4-6 min limits its effectiveness in treating chronic diabetes. Advances in recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering have led to several insulin analogue products that have up to 42 h of glycemic control. However, these insulin analogues still require once- or twice-daily injections for optimal glycemic control and have poor patient compliance and adherence issues. To achieve insulin release for more than one day, different injectable delivery systems including microspheres, in situ forming depots, nanoparticles and composite systems have been developed. Several of these delivery systems have advanced to clinical trials for once-weekly insulin injection. This review comprehensively summarizes the developments of injectable insulin analogs and delivery systems covering the whole field of injectable long-lasting insulin technologies from prototype design, preclinical studies, clinical trials to marketed products for the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Kulldeep Niloy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duan X, Ma J, Ning M, Gao Y. Dissolving Microneedles Loaded with Gestodene: Fabrication and Characterization In Vitro and In Vivo. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e131819. [PMID: 38116561 PMCID: PMC10728855 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-131819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Gestodene (GEST) is widely used in female contraception. It is currently being used as an oral contraceptive. However, unfortunately, oral contraceptives are often associated with several bothersome side effects and poor compliance. Therefore, a sustained delivery system for GEST to overcome these shortcomings is highly desirable. Objectives The present study successfully developed a kind of novel dissolving microneedles (DMNs) with a potential for sustained release and a minimally invasive intradermal treatment of GEST. Methods The dissolving microneedles containing GEST were fabricated using polyvinylpyrrolidone as the base material. The characteristics in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo of GEST-loaded DMNs were investigated. Results The results showed that the microneedle could pierce the porcine skin and release the drug at an average dose of 20µg/cm2 daily for seven days. The pharmacokinetic experiment of the microneedles indicated that the plasma level of GEST in rats increased with increasing drug dosage, and the plasma drug concentration-time curves were much flatter compared with subcutaneous injection and oral administration. In addition, no cutaneous irritation was observed. Conclusions GEST-loaded DMNs may be a promising intradermal sustained delivery system for contraceptive use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Duan
- Center of Drug and Medical Polymer Materials, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Ma
- Center of Drug and Medical Polymer Materials, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Ning
- Center of Drug and Medical Polymer Materials, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sustainable drug release using nanoparticle encapsulated microneedles. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200333. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
4
|
Levonorgestrel Microneedle Array Patch for Sustained Release Contraception: Formulation, Optimization and In Vivo Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072349. [PMID: 35408746 PMCID: PMC9000369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The goal of this work was to develop a levonorgestrel liposome-loaded microneedle array patch for contraception. Methods: Levonorgestrel-loaded liposome was formulated by a solvent injection technique, characterized, and studied. Results: The formulated liposomes were characterized for particle size (147 ± 8 nm), polydispersity index (0.207 ± 0.03), zeta potential (−23 ± 4.25 mV), drug loading (18 ± 3.22%) and entrapment efficiency (85 ± 4.34%). A cryo high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and cryo field emission gun scanning electron microscopy study showed spherical shaped particles with a smooth surface. The in vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed sustained behaviour of Levonorgestrel for 28 days. Conclusion: The levonorgestrel liposome-loaded microneedle array patch showed better contraception than the drug-loaded microneedle array patch.
Collapse
|
5
|
A biodegradable long-term contraceptive implant with steady levonorgestrel release based on PLGA microspheres embedded in PCL-coated implant. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
6
|
Coaxial electrospray of uniform polylactide core-shell microparticles for long-acting contraceptive. J Control Release 2021; 341:634-645. [PMID: 34921972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite its high efficacy and good patient compliance, the only long-acting injectable (LAI) contraceptive currently available in the US, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), is limited by significant side effects and a delayed return to fertility for up to 10 months after its intended duration of action. To overcome these limitations, we sought to develop an injectable poly(D,l-lactide) (PLA) microparticle for sustained release of contraceptive hormone, etonogestrel (ENG). A one-step technique, coaxial electrospray method was applied to prepare uniform ENG loaded core-shell structured and slow-degrading PLA microparticles (ENG-cs-MPs) to provide release control while minimizing polymer content. By adjusting voltage, polymer concentration and flow rate of the coaxial jetting solution, the prepared ENG-cs-MPs exhibited uniformly small particle size with volume mean diameter of 14.7 ± 0.5 μm and a shell thickness of 2.5 ± 0.1 μm, high drug loading of ~54%, high encapsulation efficiency of ~99%, and initial 1-day burst release of just ~10%. Long-term in vitro release of ENG was continuous for more than 3 months without change of the shell structure in 6 months. In PK studies, ENG-cs-MPs achieved a steady and continuous drug release for approximately 3 months and then quickly tapered off within 3 weeks. Hence, ENG-cs-MPs prepared by the coaxial electrospray method may be useful as a LAI contraceptive with an improved PK profile relative to DMPA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo X, Zhang M, Guo Y, Liu H, Yang B, Gou J, Yin T, Zhang Y, He H, Liu D, Tang X. Impact of jet pulverization and wet milling techniques on properties of aripiprazole long-acting injection and absorption mechanism research in vivo. Int J Pharm 2021; 612:121300. [PMID: 34793936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the influence of wet milling and jet pulverization on the aripiprazole microcrystalline long-acting injection. Crystal form and particle size distribution were taken as inspection indicators in vitro, and process parameters were optimized. The formulation prepared by wet milling (AMLAI-WM) was shown to undergo a slight conversion of crystal form by DSC, PXRD, TG, FT-IR and have a wider particle size distribution with D50 and Span values of 2.967 μm and 3.457 compared to the formulation fabricated by jet pulverization (AMLAI-JP) with 2.887 μm and 2.258 respectively. In addition, the in vitro release of AMLAI-WM was faster, whereby the pharmacokinetic data indicated that AMLAI-WM was absorbed more quickly within five days with AUC0-5d of 5243.7 μg·L-1·h and 4818.28 μg·L-1·h, respectively. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences in Cmax, tmax and AUC between AMLAI-JP and the commercial formulation (Abilify Maintena™) were found. The absorption mechanism was studied and showed a 1.4-fold later Tmax after depletion of macrophages and significantly lower Cmax and AUC after inhibiting angiogenesis, indicating inflammatory granuloma could facilitate drug plasma exposure. Overall, we demonstrated that jet pulverization was a good strategy for long-acting microcrystalline injection, and that the absorption behavior was affected by both particle size distribution and inflammatory granuloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maolian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yibin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongchun Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McCartan AJS, Curran DW, Mrsny RJ. Evaluating parameters affecting drug fate at the intramuscular injection site. J Control Release 2021; 336:322-335. [PMID: 34153375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular (IM) injections are a well-established method of delivering a variety of therapeutics formulated for parenteral administration. While the wide range of commercial IM pharmaceuticals provide a wealth of pharmacokinetic (PK) information following injection, there remains an inadequate understanding of drug fate at the IM injection site that could dictate these PK outcomes. An improved understanding of injection site events could improve approaches taken by formulation scientists to identify therapeutically effective and consistent drug PK outcomes. Interplay between the typically non-physiological aspects of drug formulations and the homeostatic IM environment may provide insights into the fate of drugs at the IM injection site, leading to predictions of how a drug will behave post-injection in vivo. Immune responses occur by design after e.g. vaccine administration, however immune responses post-injection are not in the scope of this article. Taking cues from existing in vitro modelling technologies, the purpose of this article is to propose "critical parameters" of the IM environment that could be examined in hypothesis-driven studies. Outcomes of such studies might ultimately be useful in predicting and improving in vivo PK performance of IM injected drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J S McCartan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David W Curran
- CMC Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Randall J Mrsny
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bao Q, Zou Y, Wang Y, Choi S, Burgess DJ. Impact of Formulation Parameters on In Vitro Release from Long-Acting Injectable Suspensions. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:42. [PMID: 33709196 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of long-acting injectable (LAI) suspension products has increased in recent years. A better understanding of the relationship between the physicochemical properties of these products and their in vitro as well as in vivo performance is expected to further facilitate their development and regulatory review. Using Depo-SubQ Provera 104® as the reference listed drug (RLD), four qualitatively and quantitatively (Q1/Q2) equivalent LAI suspensions with different formulation properties were prepared. Two recrystallization methods (solvent evaporation and antisolvent) were utilized to obtain active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with different properties and solid-state characterization was performed. In addition, two different sources of the major excipient were used to prepare the Q1/Q2 equivalent suspensions. Physiochemical characterization and in vitro release testing of the prepared Q1/Q2 equivalent suspension formulations and the RLD were conducted. In vitro drug release was dependent not only on the particle size, the morphology, and the crystallinity of the API but also on the residual solvent in the API. The excipient source also affected the drug release rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanying Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Yuan Zou
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Stephanie Choi
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.,Greenwich Biosciences, Inc., Carlsbad, California, 92008, USA
| | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Advances in controlled release hormonal technologies for contraception: A review of existing devices, underlying mechanisms, and future directions. J Control Release 2021; 330:797-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Tipa C, Cidade MT, Vieira T, Silva JC, Soares PIP, Borges JP. A New Long-Term Composite Drug Delivery System Based on Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel and Nanoclay. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E25. [PMID: 33374282 PMCID: PMC7824189 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several problems and limitations faced in the treatment of many diseases can be overcome by using controlled drug delivery systems (DDS), where the active compound is transported to the target site, minimizing undesirable side effects. In situ-forming hydrogels that can be injected as viscous liquids and jellify under physiological conditions and biocompatible clay nanoparticles have been used in DDS development. In this work, polymer-clay composites based on Pluronics (F127 and F68) and nanoclays were developed, aiming at a biocompatible and injectable system for long-term controlled delivery of methylene blue (MB) as a model drug. MB release from the systems produced was carried out at 37 °C in a pH 7.4 medium. The Pluronic formulation selected (F127/F68 18/2 wt.%) displayed a sol/gel transition at approx. 30 °C, needing a 2.5 N force to be injected at 25 °C. The addition of 2 wt.% of Na116 clay decreased the sol/gel transition to 28 °C and significantly enhanced its viscoelastic modulus. The most suitable DDS for long-term application was the Na116-MB hybrid from which, after 15 days, only 3% of the encapsulated MB was released. The system developed in this work proved to be injectable, with a long-term drug delivery profile up to 45 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Tipa
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Maria T. Cidade
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Tânia Vieira
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (T.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (T.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Paula I. P. Soares
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - João Paulo Borges
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kirtane AR, Hua T, Hayward A, Bajpayee A, Wahane A, Lopes A, Bensel T, Ma L, Stanczyk FZ, Brooks S, Gwynne D, Wainer J, Collins J, Tamang SM, Langer R, Traverso G. A once-a-month oral contraceptive. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/521/eaay2602. [PMID: 31801885 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poor patient adherence to oral contraceptives is the predominant cause of failure of these therapies, leading to unplanned pregnancies that can negatively affect female health worldwide. To improve patient adherence, we developed an oral contraceptive that is administered once a month. Here, we describe the design and report in vivo characterization of a levonorgestrel-releasing gastric resident dosage form in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Kirtane
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tiffany Hua
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ambika Bajpayee
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aniket Wahane
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron Lopes
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Taylor Bensel
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lihong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Frank Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sierra Brooks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Declan Gwynne
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Wainer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joy Collins
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Siddartha M Tamang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shim H, Sah H. Assessment of Residual Solvent and Drug in PLGA Microspheres by Derivative Thermogravimetry. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070626. [PMID: 32635484 PMCID: PMC7407183 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogravimetry does not give specific information on residual organic solvents in polymeric matrices unless it is hyphenated with the so-called evolved gas analysis. The purpose of this study was to apply, for the first time, derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) to characterize a residual solvent and a drug in poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres. Ethyl formate, an ICH class 3 solvent, was used to encapsulate progesterone into microspheres. DTG provided a distinct peak, displaying the onset and end temperatures at which ethyl formate started to evolve from to where it completely escaped out of the microspheres. DTG also gave the area and height of the solvent peak, as well as the temperature of the highest mass change rate of the microspheres. These derivative parameters allowed for the measurement of the amount of residual ethyl formate in the microspheres. Interestingly, progesterone affected not only the residual solvent amount but also these derivative parameters. Another intriguing finding was that there was a linear relationship between progesterone content and the peak height of ethyl formate. The residual solvent data calculated by DTG were quite comparable to those measured by gas chromatography. In summary, DTG could be an efficient and practical quality control tool to evaluate residual solvents and drugs in various polymeric matrices.
Collapse
|
14
|
He M, Yang G, Zhao X, Zhang S, Gao Y. Intradermal Implantable PLGA Microneedles for Etonogestrel Sustained Release. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1958-1966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
15
|
Roberge C, Cros JM, Serindoux J, Cagnon ME, Samuel R, Vrlinic T, Berto P, Rech A, Richard J, Lopez-Noriega A. BEPO®: Bioresorbable diblock mPEG-PDLLA and triblock PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA based in situ forming depots with flexible drug delivery kinetics modulation. J Control Release 2020; 319:416-427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
Zhao X, Zhang S, Yang G, Zhou Z, Gao Y. Exploring Trehalose on the Release of Levonorgestrel from Implantable PLGA Microneedles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E59. [PMID: 31906331 PMCID: PMC7023614 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic drugs wrapped in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based microneedles (MNs) require a long time to release completely. To obtain the desired duration, it is still necessary to modulate the release of hydrophobic drugs from MNs, while the PLGA composition is unchangeable. In this work, implantable PLGA microneedles (IPMNs) composed of PLGA arrowheads encapsulating levonorgestrel (LNG) and a water-soluble supporting array were designed. We explored trehalose used as a porogen on the release of hydrophobic LNG from PLGA-based MNs. Varying the trehalose content in PLGA arrowheads could induce different rates of drug release. The highest cumulative release of LNG was 76.2 ± 3.9% for IPMNs with 33.3% trehalose during 21 days in vitro, while the cumulative release of LNG was 60.4 ± 3.5% for IPMNs without trehalose. Pharmacokinetic results in rats showed that plasma levels of LNG were sustained for 13 days for IPMNs with 33.3% trehalose and 16 days for IPMNs without trehalose. Furthermore, the PLGA arrowheads with trehalose degraded more rapidly than those without trehalose over 21 days in rats. Consequently, using trehalose as a porogen was a feasible approach to modulate the release of a hydrophobic drug from PLGA-based MNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Guozhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zequan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smilkstein MJ, Pou S, Krollenbrock A, Bleyle LA, Dodean RA, Frueh L, Hinrichs DJ, Li Y, Martinson T, Munar MY, Winter RW, Bruzual I, Whiteside S, Nilsen A, Koop DR, Kelly JX, Kappe SHI, Wilder BK, Riscoe MK. ELQ-331 as a prototype for extremely durable chemoprotection against malaria. Malar J 2019; 18:291. [PMID: 31455339 PMCID: PMC6712883 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential benefits of long-acting injectable chemoprotection (LAI-C) against malaria have been recently recognized, prompting a call for suitable candidate drugs to help meet this need. On the basis of its known pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles after oral dosing, ELQ-331, a prodrug of the parasite mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor ELQ-300, was selected for study of pharmacokinetics and efficacy as LAI-C in mice. Methods Four trials were conducted in which mice were injected with a single intramuscular dose of ELQ-331 or other ELQ-300 prodrugs in sesame oil with 1.2% benzyl alcohol; the ELQ-300 content of the doses ranged from 2.5 to 30 mg/kg. Initial blood stage challenges with Plasmodium yoelii were used to establish the model, but the definitive study measure of efficacy was outcome after sporozoite challenge with a luciferase-expressing P. yoelii, assessed by whole-body live animal imaging. Snapshot determinations of plasma ELQ-300 concentration ([ELQ-300]) were made after all prodrug injections; after the highest dose of ELQ-331 (equivalent to 30 mg/kg ELQ-300), both [ELQ-331] and [ELQ-300] were measured at a series of timepoints from 6 h to 5½ months after injection. Results A single intramuscular injection of ELQ-331 outperformed four other ELQ-300 prodrugs and, at a dose equivalent to 30 mg/kg ELQ-300, protected mice against challenge with P. yoelii sporozoites for at least 4½ months. Pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed rapid and essentially complete conversion of ELQ-331 to ELQ-300, a rapidly achieved (< 6 h) and sustained (4–5 months) effective plasma ELQ-300 concentration, maximum ELQ-300 concentrations far below the estimated threshold for toxicity, and a distinctive ELQ-300 concentration versus time profile. Pharmacokinetic modeling indicates a high-capacity, slow-exchange tissue compartment which serves to accumulate and then slowly redistribute ELQ-300 into blood, and this property facilitates an extremely long period during which ELQ-300 concentration is sustained above a minimum fully-protective threshold (60–80 nM). Conclusions Extrapolation of these results to humans predicts that ELQ-331 should be capable of meeting and far-exceeding currently published duration-of-effect goals for anti-malarial LAI-C. Furthermore, the distinctive pharmacokinetic profile of ELQ-300 after treatment with ELQ-331 may facilitate durable protection and enable protection for far longer than 3 months. These findings suggest that ELQ-331 warrants consideration as a leading prototype for LAI-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Smilkstein
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Sovitj Pou
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alina Krollenbrock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Lisa A Bleyle
- Bioanalytical Shared Resource Core Pharmacokinetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rozalia A Dodean
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | - Lisa Frueh
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David J Hinrichs
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yuexin Li
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thomas Martinson
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute (VGTI), Oregon Health and Science University (West Campus), 505 NW 185th Avenue, #1, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Myrna Y Munar
- Oregon State University/Oregon Health and Science University College of Pharmacy, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, CL5CP, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Rolf W Winter
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | - Igor Bruzual
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Samantha Whiteside
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave N., Suite 500, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Dennis R Koop
- Bioanalytical Shared Resource Core Pharmacokinetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jane X Kelly
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave N., Suite 500, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brandon K Wilder
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute (VGTI), Oregon Health and Science University (West Campus), 505 NW 185th Avenue, #1, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Riscoe
- VA Portland Health Care System Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, RD-33, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Long J, Etxeberria AE, Kornelsen C, Nand AV, Ray S, Bunt CR, Seyfoddin A. Development of a Long-Term Drug Delivery System with Levonorgestrel-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres Embedded in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2766-2779. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjunjiao Long
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alaitz Etxabide Etxeberria
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian 48080, Spain
| | - Caroline Kornelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Ashveen V. Nand
- Health and Community, and Environmental and Animal Sciences Network, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sudip Ray
- MBIE Biocide Toolbox and NZProduct Accelerator Programmes, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Craig R. Bunt
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rapidly separable microneedle patch for the sustained release of a contraceptive. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:220-229. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
20
|
Manoukian OS, Arul MR, Sardashti N, Stedman T, James R, Rudraiah S, Kumbar SG. Biodegradable Polymeric Injectable Implants for Long-Term Delivery of Contraceptive Drugs. J Appl Polym Sci 2018; 135:46068. [PMID: 29430061 PMCID: PMC5801541 DOI: 10.1002/app.46068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of injectable, long-lasting, contraceptive drug delivery formulations and implants are highly desired to avoid unplanned pregnancies while improving patient compliance and reducing adverse side effects and treatment costs. The present study reports on the fabrication and characterization of two levonorgestrel (LNG) microsphere injectable formulations. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with 12.5% and 24% (w/w) LNG were fabricated into microspheres, measuring 300±125 μm, via the oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Formulations showed sustained drug release up to 120 days. FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA confirmed the absence of LNG chemical interaction with PCL as well as its molecular level distribution. The in vitro release of LNG was calculated to be Fickian diffusion controlled and properly characterized. The inclusion of multiple elevated release temperatures allowed for the application of the Arrhenius model to calculate drug release constants and representative sampling intervals, demonstrating the use of elevated temperatures for accelerated-time drug release studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohan S. Manoukian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael R. Arul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Naseem Sardashti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Teagan Stedman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Roshan James
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT, 06103, USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dissolving Microneedles Loaded With Etonogestrel Microcrystal Particles for Intradermal Sustained Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1037-1045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Janagam DR, Ananthula S, Chaudhry K, Wu L, Mandrell TD, Johnson JR, Lowe TL. Injectable In Situ Forming Depot Systems for Long-Acting Contraception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700097. [PMID: 32646191 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Up to date, no long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) is developed to be injectable through needles smaller than 18 G and can also provide contraception for more than 3 months after single injection. In this study, injectable polymeric in situ forming depot (ISD) systems are developed to have injectability through 21-23 G needles, and capability of sustained release of levonorgestrel (LNG) for at least 7 months in vitro and in vivo after single subcutaneous injection in rats. The systems are polymeric solutions composed of biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactic acid) polymers dissolved in a mixture of solvents like N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and benzyl benzoate or triethyl citrate. LNG released from ISD systems successfully suppressed the estrous cycle of rats at plasma concentration above 0.35 ng mL-1 . At the end of the treatment, when LNG plasma concentration drops down to be nondetectable, predictable return of fertility is observed in rats. The designed ISD systems have great potential to be further developed into robust injectable LARCs that can be injected through a 21 G or smaller needle and achieve a variety of contraception durations with high patient compliance and low cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep R Janagam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Suryatheja Ananthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Kamaljit Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Linfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Timothy D Mandrell
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - James R Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bayramov DF, Neff JA. Beyond conventional antibiotics - New directions for combination products to combat biofilm. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 112:48-60. [PMID: 27496704 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medical device related infections are a significant and growing source of morbidity and mortality. Biofilm formation is a common feature of medical device infections that is not effectively prevented or treated by systemic antibiotics. Antimicrobial medical device combination products provide a pathway for local delivery of antimicrobial therapeutics with the ability to achieve high local concentrations while minimizing systemic side effects. In this review, we present considerations for the design of local antimicrobial delivery systems, which can be facilitated by modeling local pharmacokinetics in the context of the target device application. In addition to the need for local delivery, a critical barrier to progress in the field is the need to incorporate agents effective against biofilm. This article aims to review key properties of antimicrobial peptides that make them well suited to meet the demands of the next generation of antimicrobial medical devices, including broad spectrum activity, rapid and biocidal mechanisms of action, and efficacy against biofilm.
Collapse
|
24
|
Development of controlled release systems over the past 50 years in the area of contraception. J Control Release 2016; 240:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Janagam DR, Wang L, Ananthula S, Johnson JR, Lowe TL. An Accelerated Release Study to Evaluate Long-Acting Contraceptive Levonorgestrel-Containing in Situ Forming Depot Systems. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E28. [PMID: 27598191 PMCID: PMC5039447 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer-based injectable in situ forming depot (ISD) systems that solidify in the body to form a solid or semisolid reservoir are becoming increasingly attractive as an injectable dosage form for sustained (months to years) parenteral drug delivery. Evaluation of long-term drug release from the ISD systems during the formulation development is laborious and costly. An accelerated release method that can effectively correlate the months to years of long-term release in a short time such as days or weeks is economically needed. However, no such accelerated ISD system release method has been reported in the literature to date. The objective of the current study was to develop a short-term accelerated in vitro release method for contraceptive levonorgestrel (LNG)-containing ISD systems to screen formulations for more than 3-month contraception after a single subcutaneous injection. The LNG-containing ISD formulations were prepared by using biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and polylactic acid polymer and solvent mixtures containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and benzyl benzoate or triethyl citrate. Drug release studies were performed under real-time (long-term) conditions (PBS, pH 7.4, 37 °C) and four accelerated (short-term) conditions: (A) PBS, pH 7.4, 50 °C; (B) 25% ethanol in PBS, pH 7.4, 50 °C; (C) 25% ethanol in PBS, 2% Tween 20, pH 7.4, 50 °C; and (D) 25% ethanol in PBS, 2% Tween 20, pH 9, 50 °C. The LNG release profile, including the release mechanism under the accelerated condition D within two weeks, correlated (r² ≥ 0.98) well with that under real-time conditions at four months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep R Janagam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Lizhu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Suryatheja Ananthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - James R Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Owen A, Rannard S. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges for long acting injectable therapies: Insights for applications in HIV therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:144-156. [PMID: 26916628 PMCID: PMC4935562 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in solid drug nanoparticle technologies have resulted in a number of long-acting (LA) formulations with the potential for once monthly or longer administration. Such formulations offer great utility for chronic diseases, particularly when a lack of medication compliance may be detrimental to treatment response. Two such formulations are in clinical development for HIV but the concept of LA delivery has its origins in indications such as schizophrenia and contraception. Many terms have been utilised to describe the LA approach and standardisation would be beneficial. Ultimately, definitions will depend upon specific indications and routes of delivery, but for HIV we propose benchmarks that reflect perceived clinical benefits and available data on patient attitudes. Specifically, we propose dosing intervals of ≥1week, ≥1month or ≥6months, for oral, injectable or implantable strategies, respectively. This review focuses upon the critical importance of potency in achieving the LA outcome for injectable formulations and explores established and emerging technologies that have been employed across indications. Key technological challenges such as the need for consistency and ease of administration for drug combinations, are also discussed. Finally, the review explores the gaps in knowledge regarding the pharmacology of drug release from particulate-based LA injectable suspensions. A number of hypotheses are discussed based upon available data relating to local drug metabolism, active transport systems, the lymphatics, macrophages and patient-specific factors. Greater knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin drug release and protracted exposure will help facilitate further development of this strategy to achieve the promising clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, 70 Pembroke Place, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L693GF, UK
| | - Steve Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| |
Collapse
|