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Hubert M, Yang DT, Kwok SC, Rios A, Das TK, Patel A, Wuchner K, Antochshuk V, Junge F, Bou-Assaf GM, Cao S, Saggu M, Montrond L, Afonina N, Kolhe P, Loladze V, Narhi L. A Multicompany Assessment of Submicron Particle Levels by NTA and RMM in a Wide Range of Late-Phase Clinical and Commercial Biotechnology-Derived Protein Products. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:830-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Boll B, Bessa J, Folzer E, Ríos Quiroz A, Schmidt R, Bulau P, Finkler C, Mahler HC, Huwyler J, Iglesias A, Koulov AV. Extensive Chemical Modifications in the Primary Protein Structure of IgG1 Subvisible Particles Are Necessary for Breaking Immune Tolerance. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1292-1299. [PMID: 28206769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A current concern with the use of therapeutic proteins is the likely presence of aggregates and submicrometer, subvisible, and visible particles. It has been proposed that aggregates and particles may lead to unwanted increases in the immune response with a possible impact on safety or efficacy. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the ability of subvisible particles of a therapeutic antibody to break immune tolerance in an IgG1 transgenic mouse model and to understand the particle attributes that might play a role in this process. We investigated the immunogenic properties of subvisible particles (unfractionated, mixed populations, and well-defined particle size fractions) using a transgenic mouse model expressing a mini-repertoire of human IgG1 (hIgG1 tg). Immunization with proteinaceous subvisible particles generated by artificial stress conditions demonstrated that only subvisible particles bearing very extensive chemical modifications within the primary amino acid structure could break immune tolerance in the hIgG1 transgenic mouse model. Protein particles exhibiting low levels of chemical modification were not immunogenic in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Boll
- Analytical Development & Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Bessa
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development , Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilien Folzer
- Analytical Development & Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland.,Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anacelia Ríos Quiroz
- Analytical Development & Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Schmidt
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bulau
- Analytical Development & Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH , Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christof Finkler
- Analytical Development & Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanns-Christian Mahler
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Iglesias
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development , Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atanas V Koulov
- Analytical Development & Quality Control, Pharma Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Basel, Switzerland
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Schöneich C. Novel chemical degradation pathways of proteins mediated by tryptophan oxidation: tryptophan side chain fragmentation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:655-665. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This minireview focuses on novel degradation pathways of proteins in solution via intermediary tryptophan (Trp) radical cations, which are generated via photo-induced electron transfer to suitable acceptors such as disulfide bonds.
Methods
Gas-phase mass spectrometry studies had indicated the potential for Trp radical cations to fragment via release of 3-methylene-3H-indol-1-ium from the side chain. HPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrates that analogous fragmentation reactions occur during the exposure of peptides and proteins to light or accelerated stability testing.
Key findings
The light exposure of selected peptides and monoclonal antibodies leads to the conversion of Trp to glycine (Gly) or glycine hydroperoxide (GlyOOH), where GlyOOH could be reduced to hydroxyglycine, which undergoes subsequent cleavage. Product formation is consistent with Cα–Cβ fragmentation of intermediary Trp radical cations. For the peptide octreotide and specific glycoforms of IgG1 Fc domains, Trp side chain cleavage in aqueous solution is indicated by the formation of 3-methyleneindolenine (3-MEI), which adds to nucleophilic side chains, for example to Lys residues adjacent to the original Trp residues.
Conclusions
Trp side chain cleavage leads to novel reaction products on specific peptide and protein sequences, which may have consequences for potency and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Tian X, Nejadnik MR, Baunsgaard D, Henriksen A, Rischel C, Jiskoot W. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NanoSight) for Characterization of Proteinaceous Submicron Particles. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3366-3375. [PMID: 27663383 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) has attracted great interest for application in the field of submicron particle characterization for biopharmaceuticals. It has the virtue of direct sample visualization and particle-by-particle tracking, but the complexity of method development has limited its routine applicability. We systematically evaluated data collection and processing parameters as well as sample handling methods using shake-stressed protein samples. The camera shutter and gain were identified as the key factors influencing NTA results. We also demonstrated that sample filtration was necessary for NTA analysis if there were high numbers of micron particles, whereas the choice of filter membrane was critical for data quality. Sample dilution into corresponding formulation buffer did not affect particle size distributions in our study. Finally, NTA analysis exhibited excellent repeatability in intraday comparison of multiple measurements on the same sample and interday comparison on different batches of samples. Shaking-induced protein aggregation could also be sensitively monitored by NTA. In conclusion, NTA analysis can be used as a robust stability-indicating method for the characterization of proteinaceous submicron particles and thereby complement other analytical methods, provided that consistent sample handling and parametric settings are established for the specific case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Tian
- Large Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark; Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorrit Baunsgaard
- Large Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anette Henriksen
- Large Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Christian Rischel
- Large Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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