1
|
Ito K, Maeda K, Kariya M, Yasui K, Araki A, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Formation of DNA nanotubes increases uptake into fibroblasts via enhanced affinity for collagen. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123297. [PMID: 37574114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures are promising delivery carriers because of their flexible structural design and high biocompatibility. Selectivity in cellular uptake is an important factor in the development of DNA-nanostructure-based delivery carriers. In this study, DNA nanotubes were selected as the DNA structures, and their selectivity for cellular uptake and the mechanisms involved were investigated. Unlike DNA nanostructures such as polypod-like nanostructured DNA or DNA tetrahedrons, which are easily taken up by macrophages, the formation of DNA nanotubes increases uptake by fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells. We focused on the collagen expressed in cells as a factor in this process, and found DNA nanotube formation increased the affinity for type I collagen compared with that of single-stranded DNA. Collagenase treatment removes collagen from fibroblasts and reduces the uptake of DNA nanotubes by fibroblasts. We directly observed DNA nanotube uptake by fibroblasts using transmission electron microscopy, whereby the nanotubes were distributed on the cell surface, folded, fragmented, and taken up by phagocytosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel finding that DNA nanotubes are readily taken up by fibroblasts and myoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ito
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koki Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kariya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kento Yasui
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayana Araki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Umemura K, Ohtsuki S, Nagaoka M, Kusamori K, Inoue T, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y, Nishikawa M. Critical contribution of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 to the uptake of nanostructured DNA by immune cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102386. [PMID: 33774131 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the efficient uptake of polypod-like nanostructured DNA, or polypodna, by macrophage-like RAW264.7 and other immune cells, the detailed mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Our previous study using HEK-Blue hTLR9 cells showed that transfection of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) increased the uptake of tetrapod-like structured DNA. Here, we investigated the involvement of MSR1 in the structure-dependent uptake of polypodna. Transfection of MSR1 to HEK-Blue hTLR9 cells pod number-dependently increased the uptake of polypodna, and its knockout in RAW264.7 cells reduced the uptake and subsequent cytokine release. To examine the binding of DNA with MSR1, biotinylated DNA added to RAW264.7 cells was cross-linked with cell surface proteins. Then, MSR1 cross-linked with polypodna, but not with single-stranded DNA. Similar results were obtained with murine primary immune cells. Taken together, MSR1 discriminates between simple and nanostructured DNAs and plays a dominant role in the efficient uptake of polypodna by immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Umemura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shozo Ohtsuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohri K, Hayashi E, Nishino M, Matsushita N, Tanishita S, Nishikawa M, Sakuma S. Polypod-like structured guanine-rich oligonucleotide aptamer as a selective and cytotoxic nanostructured DNA to cancer cells. J Drug Target 2021; 29:217-224. [PMID: 32997541 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1830407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich oligonucleotide (GRO) can be developed as an effective anticancer agent owing to its high selectivity, affinity and antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. In this study, to increase the potency of GRO29A, a 29-mer GRO aptamer against nucleolin, an overexpressed protein in cancer cells, GRO29A was incorporated into three or six pods of polypod-like structured DNA (polypodna), tripodna or hexapodna, respectively. The polypod-like structured GROs, tri-G3, consisting of one tripodna and three GRO29A, or hexa-G1, hexa-G3 or hexa-G6, each of which comprises one hexapodna and one, three or six GRO29A, respectively, were designed. Tri-G3, hexa-G1 and hexa-G3 were prepared in high yield, except for hexa-G6. Polypod-like structured GROs had quadruplex structures under physiological salt conditions, and degraded at a slower rate in buffer containing serum. Cellular interaction experiments using fluorescently labelled DNA samples showed that the uptake of hexa-G3 by nucleolin-positive MCF-7 cells was more than 2-fold higher than GRO29A, and the interaction was increasingly dependent on the number of GRO29A in the structures. Hexa-G3 inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in more than 40%, but not of CHO cells. These results indicate that polypod-like structured GROs are useful DNA aptamers with high selectivity and cytotoxicity against nucleolin-positive cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Mohri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Emi Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Manato Nishino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Nao Matsushita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Sohei Tanishita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maezawa T, Ohtsuki S, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Endo M, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y, Nishikawa M. DNA density-dependent uptake of DNA origami-based two-or three-dimensional nanostructures by immune cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14818-14824. [PMID: 32633313 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures are expected to be applied for targeted drug delivery to immune cells. However, the structural properties of DNA nanostructures required for the delivery have not fully been elucidated. In this study, we focused on the DNA density that can be important for the their recognition and uptake by immune cells. To examine this, DNA nanostructures with almost identical molecular weights and structural flexibility, but with different shapes and DNA densities, were designed using DNA origami technology. We compared the following five types of DNA nanostructures, all of which consisted of ten DNA helices using an identical circular, single-stranded scaffold and staples. Rec180 had a rectangular-shaped, almost flat structure. Rec90, Rec50 and Rec0 were bent forms of Rec180 at the center by 90, 50 or 0 degrees, respectively. Rec50/50 has two bends of 50 degrees each so that the both ends stick together to form a triangular prism shape. The fluctuation, or flexibility, of these DNA nanostructures under solution conditions was estimated using CanDo software. The DNA density estimated from the average distance between any two of the ten DNA helices in the DNA nanostructures was different among them; Rec50, Rec0 and Rec50/50 had a higher density than Rec180 and Rec90. Agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy showed that all of the nanostructures were prepared with high yield. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the uptake of DNA nanostructures by murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells was higher for those with higher DNA density than those with low density. There was a positive correlation between the density and cellular uptake. These results indicate that DNA nanostructures with high DNA density are suitable for delivery to immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuoki Maezawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shozo Ohtsuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan and Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nishikawa M, Tan M, Liao W, Kusamori K. Nanostructured DNA for the delivery of therapeutic agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 147:29-36. [PMID: 31614168 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA and RNA, the nucleic acids found in every living organism, are quite crucial, because not only do they store the genetic information, but also they are used as signals through interaction with various molecules within the body. The nature of nucleic acids, especially DNA, to form double-helix makes it possible to design nucleic acid-based nanostructures with various shapes. Because the shapes as well as the physicochemical properties determine their interaction with proteins or cells, nanostructured DNAs will have different features in the interaction compared with single- or double-stranded DNA. Some of these unique features of nanostructured DNA make ways for efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to specific targets. In this review, we begin with the factors affecting the properties of nanostructured DNA, followed by summarizing the methods for the development of nanostructured DNA. Further, we discuss the characteristics of nanostructured DNA and their applications for the delivery of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiya Nishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Japan.
| | - Mengmeng Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Wenqing Liao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| |
Collapse
|