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Kean EA, Adeleke OA. Geriatric drug delivery - barriers, current technologies and the road ahead. J Drug Target 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39076049 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2386626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The geriatric population encompasses the largest part of the health care system worldwide. Chronic medical conditions are highly prevalent in the elderly, consequently, due to their complex health needs, there is a significant rate of multi-drug therapy. Despite the high numbers of medications prescribed, geriatric patients face several barriers when it comes to successful drug delivery including alterations in cognitive and physical function. The current review highlights the impact of chronic diseases on the ageing population along with how changes in drug pharmacokinetics could impact drug efficacy and safety. Also discussed are applications of administration routes in the geriatric population and complications that could arise. A focus is placed on the traditional and upcoming drug delivery advancements being employed in seniors with a focus addressing obstacles faced by this patient category. Nanomedicines, three-dimensional printing, long-acting formulations, transdermal systems, orally disintegrating tablets, and shape/taste modification technologies are discussed. Several barriers to drug delivery in the elderly have been identified in literature and directions for future studies should focus on addressing these gaps for geriatric drug formulation development including personalised medicine, insights into novel drug delivery systems like nanomedicines, methods for decreasing pill burden and shape/size modifications.ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTSTypically, senior citizens take more medications than any other patient population, yet most drug delivery technologies are not tailored to address the specific cognitive and physical barriers that these individuals encounter.The safety of drug delivery systems in the elderly patients should be prioritised with considerations on changes in pharmacokinetics with age, use of non-toxic excipients, and selecting drugs with minimal off-target side effects.Several commercialised and upcoming drug delivery technologies have begun to address the current limitations that the ageing population faces.Future research should focus on applying novel strategies like 3D printing, personalised medicine, and long-acting formulations to improve drug delivery to elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Kean
- Preclinical Laboratory for Drug Delivery Innovations, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyin A Adeleke
- Preclinical Laboratory for Drug Delivery Innovations, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Patel R, Patel S, Shah N, Shah S, Momin I, Shah S. 3D printing chronicles in medical devices and pharmaceuticals: tracing the evolution and historical milestones. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-44. [PMID: 39102337 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2386222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to collect the significant advancements of 3D printed medical devices in the biomedical area in recent years. Especially related to a range of diseases and the polymers employed in drug administration. To address the existing limitations and constraints associated with the method used for producing 3D printed medical devices, in order to optimize their suitability for degradation. The compilation and use of research papers, reports, and patents that are relevant to the key keywords are employed to improve comprehension. According to this thorough investigation, it can be inferred that the 3D Printing method, specifically Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM), is the most suitable and convenient approach for preparing medical devices. This study provides an analysis and summary of the development trend of 3D printed implantable medical devices, focusing on the production process, materials specially the polymers, and typical items associated with 3D printing technology. This study offers a comprehensive examination of nanocarrier research and its corresponding discoveries. The FDM method, which is already facing significant challenges in terms of achieving optimal performance and cost reduction, will experience remarkable advantages from this highly valuable technology. The objective of this analysis is to showcase the efficacy and limitations of 3D-printing applications in medical devices through thorough research, highlighting the significant technological advancements it offers. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent research and discoveries on 3D-printed medical devices, offering significant insights into their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Patel
- School of Pharmacy, Indrashil University, Kadi, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nehal Shah
- School of Pharmacy, Indrashil University, Kadi, Gujarat, India
| | - Sakshi Shah
- L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ilyas Momin
- L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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3
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Kolipaka SS, Junqueira LA, Ross S, Garg V, Mithu MSH, Bhatt S, Douroumis D. An Advanced Twin-Screw Granulation Technology: The use of Non-Volatile Solvents with High Solubilizing Capacity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:174. [PMID: 39085532 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG) is a manufacturing process that offers several advantages for the processing of water-insoluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and has been used for increasing the solubility and dissolution rates. Here we introduce a novel TSWG approach with reduced downstream processing steps by using non-volatile solvents as granulating binders. METHODS Herein, TSWG was carried out using Transcutol a non-volatile protic solvent as a granulating binder and dissolution enhancer of ibuprofen (IBU) blends with cellulose polymer grades (Pharmacoat® 603, Affinisol™, and AQOAT®). RESULTS The physicochemical characterisation of the produced granules showed excellent powder flow and the complete transformation of IBU into the amorphous state. Dissolution studies presented immediate release rates for all IBU formulations due to the high drug-polymer miscibility and the Transcutol solubilising capacity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study demonstrated an innovative approach for the development of extruded granules by processing water-insoluble APIs with non-volatile solvents for enhanced dissolution rates at high drug loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven Ross
- Custom Pharma Services, Conway St, Brighton and Hove, Hove, BN3 3LW, UK
| | - Vivek Garg
- Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - Saumil Bhatt
- Cubi-Tech Extrusion Ltd., Unit 3, Neptune Close, Medway City Estate, Rochester, Kent, ME2 4LU, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Centre for Research Innovation (CRI), University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime Kent, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK.
- Delta Pharmaceutics Ltd., 1-3 Manor Road, Chatham, Kent, ME4 6AG, UK.
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4
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Kreft K, Fanous M, Möckel V. The potential of three-dimensional printing for pediatric oral solid dosage forms. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:229-248. [PMID: 38815205 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric patients often require individualized dosing of medicine due to their unique pharmacokinetic and developmental characteristics. Current methods for tailoring the dose of pediatric medications, such as tablet splitting or compounding liquid formulations, have limitations in terms of dosing accuracy and palatability. This paper explores the potential of 3D printing as a solution to address the challenges and provide tailored doses of medication for each pediatric patient. The technological overview of 3D printing is discussed, highlighting various 3D printing technologies and their suitability for pharmaceutical applications. Several individualization options with the potential to improve adherence are discussed, such as individualized dosage, custom release kinetics, tablet shape, and palatability. To integrate the preparation of 3D printed medication at the point of care, a decentralized manufacturing model is proposed. In this setup, pharmaceutical companies would routinely provide materials and instructions for 3D printing, while specialized compounding centers or hospital pharmacies perform the printing of medication. In addition, clinical opportunities of 3D printing for dose-finding trials are emphasized. On the other hand, current challenges in adequate dosing, regulatory compliance, adherence to quality standards, and maintenance of intellectual property need to be addressed for 3D printing to close the gap in personalized oral medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Kreft
- 1Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., a Sandoz Company, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sandler Topelius N, Shokraneh F, Bahman M, Lahtinen J, Hassinen N, Airaksinen S, Verma S, Hrizanovska L, Lass J, Paaver U, Tähnas J, Kern C, Lagarce F, Fenske D, Malik J, Scherliess H, Cruz SP, Paulsson M, Dekker J, Kammonen K, Rautamo M, Lück H, Pierrot A, Stareprawo S, Tubic-Grozdanis M, Zibolka S, Lösch U, Jeske M, Griesser U, Hummer K, Thalmeier A, Harjans A, Kruse A, Heimke-Brinck R, Khoukh K, Bruno F. Automated Non-Sterile Pharmacy Compounding: A Multi-Site Study in European Hospital and Community Pharmacies with Pediatric Immediate Release Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:678. [PMID: 38794340 PMCID: PMC11125381 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy compounding, the art and science of preparing customized medications to meet individual patient needs, is on the verge of transformation. Traditional methods of compounding often involve manual and time-consuming processes, presenting challenges in terms of consistency, dosage accuracy, quality control, contamination, and scalability. However, the emergence of cutting-edge technologies has paved a way for a new era for pharmacy compounding, promising to redefine the way medications are prepared and delivered as pharmacy-tailored personalized medicines. In this multi-site study, more than 30 hospitals and community pharmacies from eight countries in Europe utilized a novel automated dosing approach inspired by 3D printing for the compounding of non-sterile propranolol hydrochloride tablets. CuraBlend® excipient base, a GMP-manufactured excipient base (pharma-ink) intended for automated compounding applications, was used. A standardized study protocol to test the automated dosing of tablets with variable weights was performed in all participating pharmacies in four different iterative phases. Integrated quality control was performed with an in-process scale and NIR spectroscopy supported by HPLC content uniformity measurements. In total, 6088 propranolol tablets were produced at different locations during this study. It was shown that the dosing accuracy of the process increased from about 90% to 100% from Phase 1 to Phase 4 by making improvements to the formulation and the hardware solutions. The results indicate that through this automated and quality controlled compounding approach, extemporaneous pharmacy manufacturing can take a giant leap forward towards automation and digital manufacture of dosage forms in hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Sandler Topelius
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, 02520 Turku, Finland
| | - Farnaz Shokraneh
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, 02520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mahsa Bahman
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, 02520 Turku, Finland
| | - Julius Lahtinen
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Niko Hassinen
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Sari Airaksinen
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Soumya Verma
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Ludmila Hrizanovska
- CurifyLabs Oy, Salmisaarenaukio 1, 00180 Helsinki, Finland; (F.S.); (J.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Jana Lass
- Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Urve Paaver
- Institute of Pharmacy, Tartu University, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Malik
- Asklepios Klinik Nord, 22417 Hamburg, Germany;
| | | | | | - Mattias Paulsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Dekker
- UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Rautamo
- HUS Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hendrik Lück
- UKSH Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- UKSH Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Lubeck, Germany
| | - Antoine Pierrot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stefanie Zibolka
- Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Uli Lösch
- Universitätsspital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | | | - Ulrich Griesser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Karin Hummer
- Landeskrankenanstalten-Betriebsgesellschaft—KABEG (Klagenfurt), 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | | | - Anna Harjans
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Heimke-Brinck
- University Hospital Erlangen (Apotheke des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Krause I, Manigk R, Lopez EA, Douroumis D. Personalised oral dosage forms using an ultra-compact tablet press at the point of care. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114220. [PMID: 38360119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years there is an increasing need for the design of personalised medicines at the point of care (PoC) that meet the specific needs of individual patients. A plethora of technologies has been introduced for making affordable personalised pharmaceutical products, which however, do not address manufacturing and regulatory challenges. Here we introduce a novel ultra-compact tablet press which was used for the design and compression of rosuvastatin-aspirin and amiloride-lysonipril bilayer tablets respectively. By applying precision dosing, it was feasible to manufacture tablets of different dose strengths and control features such as hardness, friability and disintegration times. The compaction of on-demand personalised multidrug pills that meet quality standards could revolutionised the treatment of patients at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Krause
- PrivMed® X AB, Björnholmsvägen 4, SE-184 92 Åkersberga, Sweden
| | - Rene Manigk
- PrivMed® X AB, Björnholmsvägen 4, SE-184 92 Åkersberga, Sweden
| | - Elena Arribas Lopez
- Centre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Centre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; Delta Pharmaceutics Ltd. Chatham, Kent ME4 5NG, UK.
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Ianno V, Vurpillot S, Prillieux S, Espeau P. Pediatric Formulations Developed by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: From Past Discoveries to Future Prospects. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:441. [PMID: 38675103 PMCID: PMC11054634 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in pharmaceutical areas is leading to a significant change in controlled drug delivery and pharmaceutical product development. Pharmaceutical industries and academics are becoming increasingly interested in this innovative technology due to its inherent inexpensiveness and rapid prototyping. The 3DP process could be established in the pharmaceutical industry to replace conventional large-scale manufacturing processes, particularly useful for personalizing pediatric drugs. For instance, shape, size, dosage, drug release and multi-drug combinations can be tailored according to the patient's needs. Pediatric drug development has a significant global impact due to the growing needs for accessible age-appropriate pediatric medicines and for acceptable drug products to ensure adherence to the prescribed treatment. Three-dimensional printing offers several significant advantages for clinical pharmaceutical drug development, such as the ability to personalize medicines, speed up drug manufacturing timelines and provide on-demand drugs in hospitals and pharmacies. The aim of this article is to highlight the benefits of extrusion-based 3D printing technology. The future potential of 3DP in pharmaceuticals has been widely shown in the last few years. This article summarizes the discoveries about pediatric pharmaceutical formulations which have been developed with extrusion-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ianno
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
- Delpharm Reims, 51100 Reims, France; (S.V.); (S.P.)
| | | | | | - Philippe Espeau
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
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8
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Carou-Senra P, Rodríguez-Pombo L, Monteagudo-Vilavedra E, Awad A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Basit AW, Goyanes A, Couce ML. 3D Printing of Dietary Products for the Management of Inborn Errors of Intermediary Metabolism in Pediatric Populations. Nutrients 2023; 16:61. [PMID: 38201891 PMCID: PMC10780524 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Inborn Error of Intermediary Metabolism (IEiM) diseases may be low, yet collectively, they impact approximately 6-10% of the global population, primarily affecting children. Precise treatment doses and strict adherence to prescribed diet and pharmacological treatment regimens are imperative to avert metabolic disturbances in patients. However, the existing dietary and pharmacological products suffer from poor palatability, posing challenges to patient adherence. Furthermore, frequent dose adjustments contingent on age and drug blood levels further complicate treatment. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing technology is currently under assessment as a pioneering method for crafting customized chewable dosage forms, surmounting the primary limitations prevalent in present therapies. This method offers a spectrum of advantages, including the flexibility to tailor patient-specific doses, excipients, and organoleptic properties. These elements are pivotal in ensuring the treatment's efficacy, safety, and adherence. This comprehensive review presents the current landscape of available dietary products, diagnostic methods, therapeutic monitoring, and the latest advancements in SSE technology. It highlights the rationale underpinning their adoption while addressing regulatory aspects imperative for their seamless integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carou-Senra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Lucía Rodríguez-Pombo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Einés Monteagudo-Vilavedra
- Servicio de Neonatología, Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, RICORS, CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Atheer Awad
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, 27543 O Saviñao, Spain
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, 27543 O Saviñao, Spain
| | - María L. Couce
- Servicio de Neonatología, Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, RICORS, CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Elumalai A, Nayak Y, Ganapathy AK, Chen D, Tappa K, Jammalamadaka U, Bishop G, Ballard DH. Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing of Medical Devices for Drug Delivery and Drug-Embedded Anatomic Implants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4306. [PMID: 37959986 PMCID: PMC10647997 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing (3DP) has advanced traditional medical treatments. This review explores the fusion of reverse engineering and 3D printing of medical implants, with a specific focus on drug delivery applications. The potential for 3D printing technology to create patient-specific implants and intricate anatomical models is discussed, along with its ability to address challenges in medical treatment. The article summarizes the current landscape, challenges, benefits, and emerging trends of using 3D-printed formulations for medical implantation and drug delivery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Elumalai
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Yash Nayak
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Aravinda K. Ganapathy
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - David Chen
- 3D Printing Lab, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (A.E.); (Y.N.); (A.K.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - Grace Bishop
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - David H. Ballard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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Shojaie F, Ferrero C, Caraballo I. Development of 3D-Printed Bicompartmental Devices by Dual-Nozzle Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2362. [PMID: 37765330 PMCID: PMC10535423 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing technique that allows for the simultaneous printing of two polymeric filaments and the design of complex geometries. Hence, hybrid formulations and structurally different sections can be combined into the same dosage form to achieve customized drug release kinetics. The objective of this study was to develop a novel bicompartmental device by dual-nozzle FDM for colon-specific drug delivery. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were selected as matrix-forming polymers of the outer pH-dependent and the inner water-soluble compartments, respectively. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was selected as the model drug. Drug-free HPMCAS and drug-loaded PVA filaments suitable for FDM were extruded, and their properties were assessed by thermal, X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and texture analysis techniques. 5-ASA (20% w/w) remained mostly crystalline in the PVA matrix. Filaments were successfully printed into bicompartmental devices combining an outer cylindrical compartment and an inner spiral-shaped compartment that communicates with the external media through an opening. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray tomography analysis were performed to guarantee the quality of the 3D-printed devices. In vitro drug release tests demonstrated a pH-responsive biphasic release pattern: a slow and sustained release period (pH values of 1.2 and 6.8) controlled by drug diffusion followed by a faster drug release phase (pH 7.4) governed by polymer relaxation/erosion. Overall, this research demonstrates the feasibility of the dual-nozzle FDM technique to obtain an innovative 3D-printed bicompartmental device for targeting 5-ASA to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Ferrero
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González No. 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.S.); (I.C.)
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11
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Rouaz-El Hajoui K, Herrada-Manchón H, Rodríguez-González D, Fernández MA, Aguilar E, Suñé-Pou M, Nardi-Ricart A, Pérez-Lozano P, García-Montoya E. Pellets and gummies: Seeking a 3D printed gastro-resistant omeprazole dosage for paediatric administration. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123289. [PMID: 37536640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of 3D printed pharmaceuticals has thrived in recent years, as it allows the generation of customised medications in small batches. This is particularly helpful for patients who need specific doses or formulations, such as children. Compounding pharmacies seek alternatives to conventional solid oral doses, opting for oral liquid formulations. However, ensuring quality and stability, especially for pH-sensitive APIs like omeprazole, remains a challenge. This paper presents the application of semi-solid extrusion 3D printing technology to develop patient-tailored medicinal gummies, with an eye-catching appearances, serving as an innovative omeprazole pharmaceutical form for paediatric use. The study compares 3D printing hydrogels with dissolved omeprazole to hydrogels loaded with gastro-resistant omeprazole pellets, a ground-breaking approach.. Gastro-resistance and dissolution profiles were studied using different methods for better comparison and to emphasize the significance of the assay's methodology. Both developed formulas exhibit proper rheology, good printability, and meet content and mass uniformity standards. However, the high gastro-resistance and suitable release profile of 3D printed chewable semi-solid doses with enteric pellets highlight this as an effective strategy to address the challenge of paediatric medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Rouaz-El Hajoui
- Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Físico Química, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación. Universidad de Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Herrada-Manchón
- Fundación Idonial. Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gijón. Avda. Jardín Botánico, 1345. 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-González
- Fundación Idonial. Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gijón. Avda. Jardín Botánico, 1345. 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain; Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica. Universidad de Oviedo. C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Alejandro Fernández
- Fundación Idonial. Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gijón. Avda. Jardín Botánico, 1345. 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Enrique Aguilar
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica. Universidad de Oviedo. C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marc Suñé-Pou
- Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Físico Química, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación. Universidad de Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31. 08028 Barcelona, Spain; IDIBELL-UB Research Group, Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Nardi-Ricart
- Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Físico Química, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación. Universidad de Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Lozano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Físico Química, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación. Universidad de Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31. 08028 Barcelona, Spain; IDIBELL-UB Research Group, Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Encarna García-Montoya
- Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Físico Química, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación. Universidad de Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31. 08028 Barcelona, Spain; IDIBELL-UB Research Group, Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Vieira WT, da Silva MGC, de Oliveira Nascimento L, Vieira MGA. Development and characterization of crosslinked k-carrageenan/sericin blend with covalent agents or thermal crosslink for indomethacin extended release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125558. [PMID: 37392907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Modified release of multiparticulate pharmaceutical forms is a key therapeutic strategy to reduce side effects and toxicity caused by high and repeated doses of immediate-release oral drugs. This research focused on the encapsulation of indomethacin (IND) in the crosslinked k-Car/Ser polymeric matrix by covalent and thermal methods to evaluate drug delivery modulation and properties of the crosslinked blend. Therefore, the entrapment efficiency (EE %), drug loading (DL %) and physicochemical properties of the particles were investigated. The particles presented a spherical shape and a rough surface with a mean diameter of 1.38-2.15 mm (CCA) and 1.56-1.86 mm (thermal crosslink). FTIR investigation indicated the presence of IDM in the particles and X-ray pattern showed the maintenance of crystallinity of IDM. The in vitro release in acidic medium (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer saline solution (pH 6.8) was 1.23-6.81 % and 81-100 %, respectively. Considering the results, the formulations remained stable after 6 months. The Weibull equation was adequately fitted for all formulations and a diffusion mechanism, swelling and relaxation of chain were observed. IDM-loaded k-carrageenan/sericin/CMC increases cell viability (> 75 % for neutral red and > 81 % for MTT). Finally, all formulations present gastro-resistance, pH response and altered release and have the potential to be used as drug delivery careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedja Timóteo Vieira
- University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, Albert Einstein Av., 500, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Meuris Gurgel Carlos da Silva
- University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, Albert Einstein Av., 500, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Laura de Oliveira Nascimento
- University of Campinas, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cândido Portinari, St. 200, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, Albert Einstein Av., 500, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil.
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13
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Huanbutta K, Burapapadh K, Sriamornsak P, Sangnim T. Practical Application of 3D Printing for Pharmaceuticals in Hospitals and Pharmacies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1877. [PMID: 37514063 PMCID: PMC10385973 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an unrivaled technique that uses computer-aided design and programming to create 3D products by stacking materials on a substrate. Today, 3D printing technology is used in the whole drug development process, from preclinical research to clinical trials to frontline medical treatment. From 2009 to 2020, the number of research articles on 3D printing in healthcare applications surged from around 10 to 2000. Three-dimensional printing technology has been applied to several kinds of drug delivery systems, such as oral controlled release systems, micropills, microchips, implants, microneedles, rapid dissolving tablets, and multiphase release dosage forms. Compared with conventional manufacturing methods of pharmaceutical products, 3D printing has many advantages, including high production rates due to the flexible operating systems and high drug loading with the desired precision and accuracy for potent drugs administered in small doses. The cost of production via 3D printing can be decreased by reducing material wastage, and the process can be adapted to multiple classes of pharmaceutically active ingredients, including those with poor solubility. Although several studies have addressed the benefits of 3D printing technology, hospitals and pharmacies have only implemented this process for a small number of practical applications. This article discusses recent 3D printing applications in hospitals and pharmacies for medicinal preparation. The article also covers the potential future applications of 3D printing in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kampanart Huanbutta
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Burapapadh
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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14
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Ilieva S, Georgieva D, Petkova V, Dimitrov M. Study and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Formulations for 3D Printlets Obtained via Fused Deposition Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1867. [PMID: 37514053 PMCID: PMC10384282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a new promising technique for the production of personalized dosage forms and medical devices. Polyvinyl alcohol is prominently used as a source material to produce 3D-printed medicines via fused deposition modeling (FDM)-a technology that combines hot melt extrusion and 3D printing. A preliminary screening of three grades of PVA indicated that partially hydrolyzed PVA with a molecular weight (MW) of 31,000-50,000 and plasticized with sorbitol was most suitable for 3D printing. Paracetamol was used as a model drug. The materials and the produced filaments were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The complex viscosity (η*) of the polymer melts was determined as a function of the angular frequency (ω) at the printing temperature to assess their printability. Three-dimensional printlets with a 40% infill exhibited an immediate release of the API, while tablets with a higher infill were prone to a prolonged release regardless of the filament drug loading. A factorial design was used to give more insight into the influence of the drug-loading of the filaments and the tablet infill as independent variables on the production of 3D printlets. The Pareto chart confirmed that the infill had a statistically significant effect on the dissolution rate after 45 min, which was chosen as the response variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Ilieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyana Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valentina Petkova
- Department of Organisation and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milen Dimitrov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Salave S, Patel P, Desai N, Rana D, Benival D, Khunt D, Thanawuth K, Prajapati BG, Sriamornsak P. Recent advances in dosage form design for the elderly: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1553-1571. [PMID: 37978899 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2286368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of multiple medical conditions, medication adherence, and efficacy have become crucial for the effective management of their health. The aging population faces unique challenges that need to be addressed through advancements in drug delivery systems and formulation technologies. AREAS COVERED The current review highlights the recent advances in dosage form design for older individuals, with consideration of their specific physiological and cognitive changes. Various dosage forms, such as modified-release tablets/capsules, chewable tablets, and transdermal patches, can be tailored to meet the specific needs of elderly patients. Advancements in drug delivery systems, such as nanotherapeutics, additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing), and drug-food combinations, improve drug delivery and efficacy and overcome challenges, such as dysphagia and medication adherence. EXPERT OPINION Regulatory guidelines and considerations are crucial in ensuring the safe utilization of medications among older adults. Important factors to consider include geriatric-specific guidelines, safety considerations, labeling requirements, clinical trial considerations, and adherence and accessibility considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pranav Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, India
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Chachlioutaki K, Gioumouxouzis C, Karavasili C, Fatouros DG. Small patients, big challenges: navigating pediatric drug manipulations to prevent medication errors - a comprehensive review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1489-1509. [PMID: 37857515 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2273838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication errors during drug manipulations in pediatric care pose significant challenges to patient safety and optimal medication management. Epidemiological studies have revealed a high prevalenceof medication errors throughout the medication process. Due to the lack of age-appropriate dosage forms, medication manipulation is common in pediatric drug administration. The consequences of these manipulations on drug efficacy and safety could be devastating, highlighting the need for evidence-based guidelines and standardized compounding practices. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on examining medication errors in pediatric care and delving into the manipulation of medicinal products. EXPERT OPINION The observed prevalence of medication errors and manipulations underscores the importance of addressing these issues to enhance patient safety and improve medication outcomes in pediatric care. Overall, the development of age-appropriate formulations and the dissemination of comprehensive clinical guidelines are essential steps toward improving medication safety and minimizing manipulations in pediatric healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlioutaki
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Gioumouxouzis
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Parulski C, Bya LA, Goebel J, Servais AC, Lechanteur A, Evrard B. Development of 3D printed mini-waffle shapes containing hydrocortisone for children's personalized medicine. Int J Pharm 2023:123131. [PMID: 37321464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocortisone is mainly used in the substitution treatment of adrenal insufficiency which results in a dysregulation of cortisol. Compounding of hydrocortisone capsules remains the only low-dose oral treatment suitable for the pediatric population. However, capsules often show non-compliance in mass and content uniformity. Three-dimensional printing offers the prospect of practising personalized medicine for vulnerable patients like children. The goal of this work is to develop low-dose solid oral forms containing hydrocortisone by hot-melt extrusion coupled with fused deposition modeling for the pediatric population. Formulation, design and processes temperatures were optimized to produce printed forms with the desired characteristics. Red mini-waffle shapes containing drug loads of 2, 5 and 8 mg were successfully printed. This new 3D design allow to release more than 80% of the drug in 45 minutes indicating a conventional release like the one obtained with capsules. Mass and content uniformity, hardness and friability tests complied with European Pharmacopeia specifications, despite the considerable challenge of the small dimensions of the forms. This study demonstrates that FDM can be used to produce innovative pediatric-friendly printed shapes of an advanced pharmaceutical quality to practice personalize medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Parulski
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege (ULiege), Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Laure-Anne Bya
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege (ULiege), Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Justine Goebel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege (ULiege), Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege (ULiege), Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege (ULiege), Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege (ULiege), Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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18
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Roche A, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Aubert A, Rossi JC, Begu S, Soulairol I. Preliminary Study on the Development of Caffeine Oral Solid Form 3D Printed by Semi-Solid Extrusion for Application in Neonates. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:122. [PMID: 37225888 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apnea of prematurity can be treated with a body-weight-adjusted dosage of caffeine. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing represents an interesting approach to finely tailor personalized doses of active ingredients. To improve compliance and ensure the right dose in infants, drug delivery systems such as oral solid forms (orodispersible film, dispersive form, and mucoadhesive form) can be considered. The aim of this work was to obtain a flexible-dose system of caffeine by SSE 3D printing by testing different excipients and printing parameters. Gelling agents (sodium alginate (SA) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)) were used to obtain a drug-loaded hydrogel matrix. Disintegrants (sodium croscarmellose (SC) and crospovidone (CP)) were tested for get rapid release of caffeine. The 3D models were patterned by computer-aided design with variable thickness, diameter, infill densities, and infill patterns. The oral forms produced from the formulation containing 35% caffeine, 8.2% SA, 4.8% HPMC, and 52% SC (w/w) were found to have good printability, achieving doses approaching to those used in neonatology (between 3 and 10 mg of caffeine for infants weighing approximately between 1 and 4 kg). However, disintegrants, especially SC, acted more as binder/filler, showing interesting properties to maintain the shape after extrusion and enhance printability without a significant effect on caffeine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Roche
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Noelia M Sanchez-Ballester
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
| | - Adrien Aubert
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvie Begu
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ian Soulairol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
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19
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Chung S, Zhang P, Repka MA. Fabrication of timed-release indomethacin core-shell tablets for chronotherapeutic drug delivery using dual nozzle Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00137-6. [PMID: 37201727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, timed-release indomethacin tablets, releasing drug after predetermined lag times, were developed for the effective treatment of early morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis using two-nozzle fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing with a Bowden extruder. The developed core-shell tablets consisted of a drug-containing core and release-regulating shell with different designed thicknesses (i.e., 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm). The filaments to fabricate cores and shells were prepared using hot-melt extrusion (HME), and different filament compositions were formulated for core tablets and screened for rapid release and printability. Eventually, the HPMCAS-based formulation comprised a core tablet enclosed by a shell of Affinisol™ 15LV, a swellable polymer. During 3D printing, one nozzle was dedicated to printing core tablets loaded with indomethacin, and the other nozzle was dedicated to printing shells, making a whole structure produced at once without inconvenient filament change and nozzle cleanout. The mechanical properties of filaments were compared using a texture analyzer. The core-shell tablets were characterized for dissolution profiles and physical attributes (e.g., dimension, friability, hardness). SEM image indicated a smooth and complete surface of the core-shell tablets. The tablets showed 4-8 hours of lag depending on the shell thicknesses and released most of the drugs in 3 hours, regardless of the shell thicknesses. The core-shell tablets showed high reproducibility but exhibited low dimensional accuracy in the shell thickness. This study explored the suitability of using two-nozzle FDM 3D printing with Bowden extrusion for producing personalized chronotherapeutic core-shell tablets and discussed possible challenges that needed to be considered for a successful printing process using this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Peilun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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20
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Hoffmann L, Breitkreutz J, Quodbach J. Investigation of the degradation and in-situ amorphization of the enantiomeric drug escitalopram oxalate during Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106423. [PMID: 36918059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) and subsequent FDM 3D printing offer great potential opportunities in the formulation development and production of customized oral dosage forms with poorly soluble drugs. However, thermal stress within these processes can be challenging for thermo-sensitive drugs. In this work, three different formulations were prepared to investigate the degradation and the solid state of the thermo-sensitive and poorly soluble drug escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) during the two heat-intensive processes HME and FDM 3D printing. For this purpose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and basic butylated methacrylate copolymer (bPMMA) were chosen as polymers. DSC and XRD measurements revealed that ESC-OX is amorphous in the HPMC based formulations in both, extrudates and 3D printed tablets. In contrast, in-situ amorphization of the drug from crystalline state in bPMMA filaments was observed during FDM 3D printing. With regard to the content, it was found that degradation of ESC-OX in extrudates with bPMMA could be avoided and in 3D printed tablets almost fully reduced. Furthermore, a possible conversion into the R-enantiomer in the formulation with bPMMA could be excluded using a chiral column. Compared to the commercial product Cipralex®, drug release from extrudates and tablets with bPMMA was slower but still qualified as immediate drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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21
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Mansour A, Romani M, Acharya AB, Rahman B, Verron E, Badran Z. Drug Delivery Systems in Regenerative Medicine: An Updated Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020695. [PMID: 36840018 PMCID: PMC9967372 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern drug discovery methods led to evolving new agents with significant therapeutic potential. However, their properties, such as solubility and administration-related challenges, may hinder their benefits. Moreover, advances in biotechnology resulted in the development of a new generation of molecules with a short half-life that necessitates frequent administration. In this context, controlled release systems are required to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient compliance. Innovative drug delivery systems are promising tools that protect therapeutic proteins and peptides against proteolytic degradation where controlled delivery is achievable. The present review provides an overview of different approaches used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Mansour
- Periodontology Unit, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maya Romani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | | | - Betul Rahman
- Periodontology Unit, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Elise Verron
- CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Zahi Badran
- Periodontology Unit, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Innovation in the Development of Synthetic and Natural Ocular Drug Delivery Systems for Eye Diseases Treatment: Focusing on Drug-Loaded Ocular Inserts, Contacts, and Intraocular Lenses. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020625. [PMID: 36839947 PMCID: PMC9961328 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, ocular drug delivery still remains a challenge, since the conventional dosage forms used for anterior and posterior ocular disease treatments, such as topical, systemic, and intraocular administration methods, present important limitations mainly related to the anatomical complexity of the eye. In particular, the blood-ocular barrier along with the corneal barrier, ocular surface, and lacrimal fluid secretion reduce the availability of the administered active compounds and their efficacy. These limitations have increased the need to develop safe and effective ocular delivery systems able to sustain the drug release in the interested ocular segment over time. In the last few years, thanks to the innovations in the materials and technologies employed, different ocular drug delivery systems have been developed. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the synthetic and natural drug-loaded ocular inserts, contacts, and intraocular lenses that have been recently developed, emphasizing the characteristics that make them promising for future ocular clinical applications.
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23
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Production of Bi-Compartmental Tablets by FDM 3D Printing for the Withdrawal of Diazepam. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020538. [PMID: 36839860 PMCID: PMC9960133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazepam (DZP) is a long-acting benzodiazepine to treat anxiety or acute alcohol withdrawal. Although this class of drugs should be taken for a short period of time, many patients take them for longer than recommended, which has been linked to an increased risk of dementia and dependence. The present work aimed at using the dual-nozzle system of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers to prepare tablets with gradual doses of DZP with constant mass and size. Placebo and DZP-loaded filaments were prepared by hot-melt extrusion and used to print the bi-compartmental tablets. Thermal processing allowed the conversion of crystalline DZP to its amorphous counterpart. Tablets with different DZP contents were effectively printed with a mass, thickness and diameter average of 111.6 mg, 3.1 mm, and 6.4 mm, respectively. Microscopic data showed good adhesion between the different layers in the printed tablets. The desired drug contents were successfully achieved and were within the acceptance criteria (European Pharmacopeia). The combination of a placebo and drug-loaded extrudates proved to be beneficial in the production of tablets by FDM for patients in need of drug withdrawal.
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24
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Pistone M, Racaniello GF, Rizzi R, Iacobazzi RM, Arduino I, Lopalco A, Lopedota AA, Denora N. Direct cyclodextrin based powder extrusion 3D printing of budesonide loaded mini-tablets for the treatment of eosinophilic colitis in paediatric patients. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122592. [PMID: 36626971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to combine direct powder extrusion (DPE) 3D printing and fluid bed coating techniques to create a budesonide (BD) loaded solid oral formulations for the treatment of eosinophilic colitis (EC) in paediatric patients. The preferred medication for EC treatment is BD, which has drawbacks due to its poor water solubility and low absorption. Additionally, since commercially available medications for EC treatment are created and approved for adult patients, administering them to children sometimes requires an off-label use and an impromptu handling, which can result in therapeutic ineffectiveness. The DPE 3D approach was investigated to create Mini-Tablets (MTs) to suit the swallowing, palatability, and dose flexibility control requirements needed by paediatric patients. Additionally, DPE 3D and the inclusion of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the initial powder mixture allowed for an improvement in the solubility and rate of BD dissolution in aqueous medium. Then, to accomplish a site-specific drug release at the intestinal level, MTs were coated with a layer of Eudragit FS 30D, an enteric polymer responsive at pH > 7.0 values. In vitro release experiments showed that film-coated MTs were suitable in terms of size and dose, enabling potential therapeutic customization and targeted delivery of BD to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pistone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Rizzi
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Amendola St. 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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25
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Tabriz AG, Mithu MS, Antonijevic MD, Vilain L, Derrar Y, Grau C, Morales A, Katsamenis OL, Douroumis D. 3D printing of LEGO® like designs with tailored release profiles for treatment of sleep disorder. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122574. [PMID: 36603670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
3D printed LEGO®-like designs are an attractive approach for the development of compartmental delivery systems due to their potential for dose personalisation through the customisation of drug release profiles. Additive manufacturing technologies such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) are ideal for the printing of structures with complex geometries and various sizes. This study is a paradigm for the fabrication of 3D printed LEGO® -like tablets by altering the design of the modular units and the filament composition for the delivery of different drug substances. By using a combination of placebo and drug loaded compartments comprising of immediate release (hydroxypropyl cellulose) and pH dependant polymers (hypromellose acetate succinate) we were able to customise the release kinetics of melatonin and caffeine that can potentially be used for the treatment of sleep disorders. The LEGO® -like compartments were designed to achieve immediate release of melatonin followed by variable lag times and controlled release of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Sadeque Mithu
- Cubi-Tech Extrusion Ltd, 3 Sextant Park, Neptune Close, Rochester, Chatham, Kent ME2 4LU, UK
| | - Milan D Antonijevic
- University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Lilian Vilain
- Aix Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, School of Engineering, 3 Avenue of Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Youri Derrar
- Aix Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, School of Engineering, 3 Avenue of Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Clara Grau
- University of Haute-Alsace (UHA), School of Chemistry of Mulhouse (ENSCMu), 3 Street Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Anaïs Morales
- University of Haute-Alsace (UHA), School of Chemistry of Mulhouse (ENSCMu), 3 Street Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- University of Southampton, μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Delta Pharmaceutics Ltd, 20 Steven Close, Chatham, Kent ME4 5NG, UK; University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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26
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The Quest for Child-Friendly Carrier Materials Used in the 3D Semi-Solid Extrusion Printing of Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010028. [PMID: 36678657 PMCID: PMC9865971 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work gives a brief overview of carrier materials currently used in pharmaceutical studies on the three-dimensional (3D) semi-solid extrusion (SSE) printing of medicines for pediatrics. The suitability of using these carrier materials in pediatric formulations, concerning safety and toxicity, was reviewed by consulting the 'Safety & Toxicity of Excipients for Pediatrics' (STEP) database and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. In the second part of this work, carrier materials were tested on their ability to form a semi-solid mixture with lactose by dual asymmetric centrifugation (DAC) and printing by SSE. With the combination of theoretical and experimental studies, this work will guide research toward grounded decision-making when it comes to carrier material selection for pharmaceutical pediatric 3D SSE printing formulations.
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27
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Junqueira LA, Tabriz AG, Rousseau F, Raposo NRB, Brandão MAF, Douroumis D. Development of printable inks for 3D printing of personalized dosage forms: Coupling of fused deposition modelling and jet dispensing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Krueger L, Miles JA, Popat A. 3D printing hybrid materials using fused deposition modelling for solid oral dosage forms. J Control Release 2022; 351:444-455. [PMID: 36184971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3D printing in the pharmaceutical and healthcare settings is expanding rapidly, such as the rapid prototyping of orthotics, dental retainers, drug-loaded implants, and pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms. Through 3D printing, we have the capability to precisely control dose, release kinetics, and several aesthetic features of dosage forms such as colour, shape, and texture. Additionally, polypills can be created with combinations of medications in one solid dosage form at completely customisable strengths that would be extremely difficult to obtain commercially. As the technology and formulations developed through 3D printing are expanding, the development of new hybrid materials to obtain superior formulations are also gaining momentum. In this review we collate data on the importance of developing hybrid formulations of polymers, drugs and excipients necessary to produce reliable and high-quality 3D printed dosage forms with a special emphasis on fused deposition modelling (FDM). FDM technology is one of the most widely used forms of 3D printing and has demonstrated compatibility with unique polymer-based hybrids to allow for enhanced drug delivery, protection of thermolabile drugs, modifiable release kinetics, and more. The data collated covers different categories of hybrids as well as the methods used to fabricate them, and their respective effects on the properties of 3D printed solid oral dosage forms. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of upcoming and emerging trends in pharmaceutical 3D printing formulation compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Krueger
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Jared A Miles
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
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29
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Deon M, dos Santos J, de Andrade DF, Beck RCR. A critical review of traditional and advanced characterisation tools to drive formulators towards the rational development of 3D printed oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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30
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Gorkem Buyukgoz G, Kossor CG, Ji S, Guvendiren M, Davé RN. Dose Titration of Solid Dosage Forms via FDM 3D-Printed Mini-Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2305. [PMID: 36365124 PMCID: PMC9695869 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The robustness of 3D-printed mini-tablets as a platform to administer milligram dosages, intended for age-specific therapy, without the need of tablet splitting while maintaining similar release profiles, was investigated. Griseofulvin, as a model poorly water-soluble drug, and hydroxypropyl cellulose along with Kollicoat Protect as polymers were used to prepare filaments at 1-20% drug concentrations via hot-melt extrusion (HME). Higher drug concentrations served for testing the feasibility of a reduced number of mini-tablets to be administered. A reliable dose titration in the range 0.19-3.91 mg at a high accuracy (R2 of 0.999) was achieved through composite unit (multi-unit) mini-tablets. All mini-tablets produced had excellent content uniformity and their label claim values were within the acceptable range, proving that HME processing followed by 3D printing promotes content uniformity even for mini-tablets containing low drug doses (0.19 mg). Remarkably, the proposed approach allowed achieving similar drug release profiles via composite unit mini-tablets as well as single mini-tablets at high drug concentrations. In contrast, split tablets demonstrated different release behaviors, attributed to their size and shape differences. Overall, the distinct advantages of mini-tablets to provide dose flexibility while maintaining similar release profiles was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guluzar Gorkem Buyukgoz
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates (NJCEP), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Christopher G. Kossor
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates (NJCEP), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Shen Ji
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N. Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates (NJCEP), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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31
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Tunable Drug Release from Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D-Printed Tablets Fabricated Using a Novel Extrudable Polymer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102192. [PMID: 36297626 PMCID: PMC9611745 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is proving to be a pivotal technology for developing personalized dosage forms with bench to bedside feasibility. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing has emerged as the most used technique wherein molten drug-loaded polymer filaments are deposited layer-by-layer to fabricate a predefined shape and internal geometry. However, for precise FDM 3D printing, it is imperative for the filaments to have peculiar mechanical/physicochemical properties, which the majority of the FDA/GRAS approved polymers lack. In the current study, a novel water-soluble polymer, Poly(2-ethyl-tetra-oxazoline) [PETOx] has been investigated as an extrudable and printable polymer with two different types of drug molecule—dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Hot-stage microscopy experiments of drug:polymer (1:1 w/w) and filaments were carried out at 25−275 °C. HCTZ-loaded filament showed higher toughness of 17 ± 3.25 × 106 J/m3 compared with DXM and drug-free filament. Moisture sorption and flexural analysis was performed to understand the correlation of mechanical properties and storage humidity to printability. Varying the number of outer perimeters of each layer (shell number) was observed to affect the drug release pattern from the printlets. The DXM one-shell printlet showed >80%, whereas the DXM five-shell printlet showed >60% of the drug release within 60 min. PETOx could prove to be a high-performance and versatile 3D printable polymer.
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32
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Three-Dimensional Printing of Repaglinide Tablets: Effect of Perforations on Hypromellose-Based Drug Release. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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33
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Wang N, Shi H, Yang S. 3D printed oral solid dosage form: Modified release and improved solubility. J Control Release 2022; 351:407-431. [PMID: 36122897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage form is currently the most common used form of drug. 3D Printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), can quickly print customized and individualized oral solid dosage form on demand. Compared with the traditional tablet manufacturing process, 3D Printing has many advantages. By rationally selecting the formulation composition and cleverly designing the printing structure, 3D printing can improve the solubility of the drug and achieve precise modify of the drug release. 3D printed oral solid dosage form, however, still has problems such as limitations in formulation selection. And the selection process of the formulation lacks scientificity and standardization. Structural design of some 3D printing approaches is relatively scarce. This article reviews the formulation selection and structure design of 3D printed oral solid dosage form, providing more ideas for achieving modified drug release and solubility improvement of 3D printed oral solid dosage form through more scientific and extensive formulation selection and more sophisticated structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology and Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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34
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Ghanizadeh Tabriz A, Nandi U, Scoutaris N, Sanfo K, Alexander B, Gong Y, Hui HW, Kumar S, Douroumis D. Personalised Paediatric Chewable Ibuprofen Tablets Fabricated Using 3D Micro-extrusion Printing Technology. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122135. [PMID: 36028083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an attractive technology for the design and development of personalized paediatric dosage forms with improved palatability. In this work micro-extrusion based printing was implemented for the fabrication of chewable paediatric ibuprofen (IBU) tablets by assessing a range of front runner polymers in taste masking. Due to the drug-polymer miscibility and the IBU plasticization effect, micro-extrusion was proved to be an ideal technology for processing the drug/polymer powder blends for the printing of paediatric dosage forms. The printed tablets presented high printing quality with reproducible layer thickness and a smooth surface. Due to the drug-polymer interactions induced during printing processing, IBU was found to form a glass solution confirmed by differential calorimetry (DSC) while H-bonding interactions were identified by confocal Raman mapping. IBU was also found to be uniformly distributed within the polymer matrices at molecular level. The tablet palatability was assessed by panellists and revealed excellent taste masking of the IBU's bitter taste. Overall micro-extrusion demonstrated promising processing capabilities of powder blends for rapid printing and development of personalised dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Uttom Nandi
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Nicolaos Scoutaris
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Karifa Sanfo
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Bruce Alexander
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
| | - Ho-Wah Hui
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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35
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Rodríguez-Pombo L, Awad A, Basit AW, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Goyanes A. Innovations in Chewable Formulations: The Novelty and Applications of 3D Printing in Drug Product Design. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081732. [PMID: 36015355 PMCID: PMC9412656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their introduction, chewable dosage forms have gained traction due to their ability to facilitate swallowing, especially in paediatric, geriatric and dysphagia patients. Their benefits stretch beyond human use to also include veterinary applications, improving administration and palatability in different animal species. Despite their advantages, current chewable formulations do not account for individualised dosing and palatability preferences. In light of this, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and in particular the semi-solid extrusion technology, has been suggested as a novel manufacturing method for producing customised chewable dosage forms. This advanced approach offers flexibility for selecting patient-specific doses, excipients, and organoleptic properties, which are critical for ensuring efficacy, safety and adherence to the treatment. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in chewable dosage forms for human and veterinary use, highlighting the motivations behind their use and covering formulation considerations, as well as regulatory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Rodríguez-Pombo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Atheer Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.A.-L.); (A.G.)
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
- Correspondence: (C.A.-L.); (A.G.)
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36
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Liu X, Huang S, Ma L, Ye H, Lin J, Cai X, Shang Q, Zheng C, Xu R, Zhang D. Recent advances in wearable medical diagnostic sensors and new therapeutic dosage forms for fever in children. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:115006. [PMID: 36007307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fever in children is one of the most common symptoms of pediatric diseases and the most common complaint in pediatric clinics, especially in the emergency department. Diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis are leading causes of death in children, and the early manifestations of these diseases are accompanied by fever symptoms. Accurate diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the status of febrile children, rapid and effective identification of the cause, and treatment can have a positive impact on relieving their symptoms and improving their quality of life. In recent years, wearable diagnostic sensors have attracted special attention for their high flexibility, real-time monitoring, and sensitivity. Temperature sensors and heart rate sensors have provided new advances in detecting children's body temperature and heart rate. Furthermore, some novel formulations have also received wide attention for addressing bottlenecks in medication administration for febrile children, such as difficulty in swallowing and inaccurate dosing. In this context, the present review provides recent advances of novel wearable medical sensor devices for diagnosing fever. Moreover, the application progress of innovative dosage forms of classical antipyretic drugs for children is presented. Finally, challenges and prospects of wearable sensor-based diagnostics and novel agent-based treatment of fever in children are discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Shengjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Lele Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Xinfu Cai
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pengzhou 611930, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, PR China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pengzhou 611930, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, PR China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Nasiri G, Ahmadi S, Shahbazi MA, Nosrati V, Fatahi Y, Dinarvand R, Rabiee M, Haftlang F, Kim HS, Rabiee N. 3D printing of bioactive materials for drug delivery applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1061-1080. [PMID: 35953890 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a modern technique/technology, which makes it possible to construct 3D objects from computer-aided design (CAD) digital models. This technology can be used in the progress of drug delivery systems, where porosity has played important role in attaining an acceptable level of biocompatibility and biodegradability with improved therapeutic effects. 3D printing may also provide the user possibility to control the dosage of each ingredient in order to a specific purpose, and makes it probable to improve the formulation of drug delivery systems. AREAS COVERED This article covers the 3D printing technologies, bioactive materials including natural and synthetic polymers as well as some ceramics and minerals and their roles in drug delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION This technology is feasible to fabricate drug products by incorporating multiple drugs in different parts in such a mode that these drugs can release from the section at a predetermined rate. Furthermore, this 3D printing technology has the possible to transform personalized therapy to various age-groups by design flexibility and precise dosing. In recent years, the potential use of this technology can be realized in a clinical situation where patients will acquire individualized medicine as per their require.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Nasiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Nosrati
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Haftlang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Center for High Entropy Alloys, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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Funk NL, Fantaus S, Beck RCR. Immediate release 3D printed oral dosage forms: How different polymers have been explored to reach suitable drug release behaviour. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122066. [PMID: 35926751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been gaining attention as a new technological approach to obtain immediate release (IR) dosage forms. The versatility conferred by 3D printing techniques arises from the suitability of using different polymeric materials in the production of solids with different porosities, geometries, sizes, and infill patterns. The appropriate choice of polymer can facilitate in reaching IR specifications and afford other specific properties to 3D printed solid dosage forms. This review aims to provide an overview of the polymers that have been employed in the development of IR 3D printed dosage forms, mainly considering their in vitro drug release behaviour. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the IR 3D printed dosage forms will also be discussed, together with the manufacturing process strategies. Up to now, methacrylic polymers, cellulosic polymers, vinyl derivatives, glycols and different polymeric blends have been explored to produce IR 3D printed dosage forms. Their effects on drug release profiles are critically discussed here, giving a complete overview to drive formulators towards a rational choice of polymeric material and thus contributing to future studies in 3D printing of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lysyk Funk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stephani Fantaus
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Preferences of Healthcare Professionals on 3D-Printed Tablets: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071521. [PMID: 35890417 PMCID: PMC9319202 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highlights Abstract An inaugural study was performed to understand the perceptions of healthcare professionals toward the potential benefits of 3D printing in Singapore. This study sought to increase awareness of 3D printing applications for viable clinical applications and to elucidate the current gaps in therapy where 3D printing could play a role. A common example would be the use of 3D printing to manufacture polypills, thereby reducing the daily pill burden of patients and possibly improving medication adherence. A qualitative descriptive survey with a single-centered cross-sectional design was performed at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital with 1700 beds. This study had a total of 55 respondents comprising doctors and pharmacists. Most of the respondents viewed the 3D printing of oral dosage forms favorably and agreed about the potential advantages this technology could offer. More than 60% of the respondents were also willing to prescribe 3D printed tablets to patients. Respondents’ concerns were grouped into three main categories: formulation considerations, manufacturing processes, and administrative issues. Viewed in its entirety, this study provides a valuable starting point for understanding the perceptions of healthcare professionals in adopting 3D printing technology.
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Chachlioutaki K, Karavasili C, Mavrokefalou EE, Gioumouxouzis CI, Ritzoulis C, Fatouros DG. Quality control evaluation of paediatric chocolate-based dosage forms: 3D printing vs mold-casting method. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121991. [PMID: 35809833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounding is a core activity in the preparation of patient-specific dosage forms. In the current study we aimed to investigate whether 3D printing could be employed for the preparation of pediatric-friendly personalized dosage forms that fulfil the acceptance criteria specified in the pharmacopoeias for conventional dosage forms. We then compared the 3D printed dosage forms with the same formulations prepared with mold-casting, a method frequently applied during pharmaceutical compounding. The molded dosage forms failed to pass most of the quality control tests, including the mass uniformity and content uniformity tests, as well as dose accuracy, contrary to the 3D printed, which not only passed all tests but also enabled precision overdose adjustment. Hence, 3D printing of chocolate-based dosage forms may effectively serve as an acceptable alternative method to mold casting in compounding patient-specific medication at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlioutaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Eleftheria-Eleni Mavrokefalou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Christos I Gioumouxouzis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Christos Ritzoulis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Bácskay I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Arany P. The Evolution of the 3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071312. [PMID: 35890208 PMCID: PMC9318419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the 3D printing in the 1980s it has revolutionized many research fields including the pharmaceutical industry. The main goal is to manufacture complex, personalized products in a low-cost manufacturing process on-demand. In the last few decades, 3D printing has attracted the attention of numerous research groups for the manufacturing of different drug delivery systems. Since the 2015 approval of the first 3D-printed drug product, the number of publications has multiplied. In our review, we focused on summarizing the evolution of the produced drug delivery systems in the last 20 years and especially in the last 5 years. The drug delivery systems are sub-grouped into tablets, capsules, orodispersible films, implants, transdermal delivery systems, microneedles, vaginal drug delivery systems, and micro- and nanoscale dosage forms. Our classification may provide guidance for researchers to more easily examine the publications and to find further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bácskay
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Arany
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Zhu C, Tian Y, Zhang E, Gao X, Zhang H, Liu N, Han X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Zheng A. Semisolid Extrusion 3D Printing of Propranolol Hydrochloride Gummy Chewable Tablets: an Innovative Approach to Prepare Personalized Medicine for Pediatrics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:166. [PMID: 35705726 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for personalized medicine has received extensive attention, especially in pediatric preparations. An emerging technology, extrusion-based 3D printing, is highly attractive in the field of personalized medicine. In this study, we prepared propranolol hydrochloride (PR) gummy chewable tablets tailored for children by semisolid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing technology to meet personalized medicine needs in pediatrics. In this study, the effects of critical formulation variables on the rheological properties and printability of gum materials were investigated by constructing a full-factorial design. In addition, the masticatory properties, thermal stability, and disintegration time of the preparations were evaluated. Bitterness inhibitors were used to mask the bitterness of the preparations. The results of the full-factorial design showed that the amount of gelatin and carrageenan were the key factors in the formulation. Gelatin can improve printability and masticatory properties, carrageenan can improve thermal stability, and accelerate the disintegration of preparations; therefore, a reasonable combination of both could satisfactorily meet the demand for high-quality 3D printing. γ-Aminobutyric acid can reduce the bitterness of gummy chewable tablets to improve medication compliance and the determined formulation (F7) met the quality requirements. In conclusion, the gum material has excellent potential as an extrusion material for 3D printing. The dosage can be adjusted flexibly by the model shape and size. 3D printing has broad prospects in pediatric preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 308th Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266073, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Enhui Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, the 967th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force, DaLian, 116000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaolu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 308th Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266073, China.
| | - Zengming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
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Khuroo T, Mohamed EM, Dharani S, Kayalar C, Ozkan T, Kuttolamadom MA, Rahman Z, Khan MA. Very-Rapidly Dissolving Printlets of Isoniazid Manufactured by SLS 3D Printing: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2937-2949. [PMID: 35648147 PMCID: PMC9413616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this research was to understand the effects of formulation and processing variables on the very-rapidly dissolving printlets of isoniazid (INH) manufactured by the selective laser sintering (SLS) three-dimensional (3D) printing method, and to characterize their physicochemical properties, stability, and pharmacokinetics. Fifteen printlet formulations were manufactured by varying the laser scanning speed (400-500 mm/s, X1), surface temperature (100-110 °C, X2), and croscarmellose sodium (CCS, %, X3), and the responses measured were weight (Y1), hardness (Y2), disintegration time (DT, Y3), and dissolution (Y4). Laser scanning was the most important processing factor affecting the responses. DT was very rapid (≥3 s), and dissolution (>99%) was completed within 3 min. The root-mean-square error in the studied responses was low and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images showed very porous structures with 24.6-34.4% porosity. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry data indicated partial conversion of the crystalline drug into an amorphous form. The printlets were stable at 40 °C/75% RH with no significant changes in assay and dissolution. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the printlets and compressed tablets were superimposable. In conclusion, the rapidly dissolving printlets of the INH were stable, and oral bioavailability was similar to that of compositionally identical compressed tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Khuroo
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, United States
| | - Eman M Mohamed
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Sathish Dharani
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, United States
| | - Canberk Kayalar
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, United States
| | - Tanil Ozkan
- Dover Precision Components, Woodlands, Texas 77380, United States
| | - Mathew A Kuttolamadom
- Department of Engineering Technology & Industrial Distribution, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, United States
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, Suite 159, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, United States
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44
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Palekar S, Kumar Nukala P, Patel K. Aversion liquid-filled drug releasing capsule (3D-RECAL): A novel technology for the development of immediate release abuse deterrent formulations using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Pazhamannil RV, V. N. JN, P. G, Edacherian A. Property enhancement approaches of fused filament fabrication technology: A review. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribin Varghese Pazhamannil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering Kannur, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala India
| | - Jishnu Namboodiri V. N.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering Kannur, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala India
| | - Govindan P.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering Kannur, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala India
| | - Abhilash Edacherian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
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46
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Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092784. [PMID: 35566146 PMCID: PMC9100145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and particularly 3D printing (3DP) have achieved a decade of success in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Highly innovative personalized therapeutical solutions may be designed and manufactured through a layer-by-layer approach starting from a digital model realized according to the needs of a specific patient or a patient group. The combination of patient-tailored drug dose, dosage, or diagnostic form (shape and size) and drug release adjustment has the potential to ensure the optimal patient therapy. Among the different 3D printing techniques, extrusion-based technologies, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and semi solid extrusion (SSE), are the most investigated for their high versatility, precision, feasibility, and cheapness. This review provides an overview on different 3DP techniques to produce personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices, highlighting, for each method, the critical printing process parameters, the main starting materials, as well as advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the recent developments of fused filament fabrication and semi solid extrusion 3DP are discussed. In this regard, the current state of the art, based on a detailed literature survey of the different 3D products printed via extrusion-based techniques, envisioning future directions in the clinical applications and diffusion of such systems, is summarized.
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47
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Manini G, Benali S, Raquez JM, Goole J. Proof of concept of a predictive model of drug release from long-acting implants obtained by fused-deposition modeling. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121663. [PMID: 35292398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical field, there is a growing interest in manufacturing of drug delivery dosage forms adapted to the needs of a large variety of patients. 3D printing has proven to be a powerful tool allowing the adaptation of immediate drug delivery dosage forms. However, there are still few studies focusing on the adaptation of long-acting dosage forms for patient suffering of neurological diseases. In this study, paliperidone palmitate (PP) was chosen as a model drug in combination with different polymers adapted for fused-deposition modeling (FDM). The impact of different printing parameters on the release of PP were investigated. The layer thickness and the infill percentage were studied using a quality by design approach. Indeed, by defining the critical quality attributes (CQA), a proof of concept of a prediction system, and a quality control system were studied through designs of experiments (DoE). The first part of this study was dedicated to the release of PP from a fix geometry. In the second part, the prediction system was developed to require only surface and surface to volume ratio. From that point, it was possible to get rid of a fix geometry and predict the amount of PP released from complex architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manini
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP207, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Samira Benali
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP207, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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48
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The Advent of a New Era in Digital Healthcare: A Role for 3D Printing Technologies in Drug Manufacturing? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030609. [PMID: 35335984 PMCID: PMC8952205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The technological revolution has physically affected all manufacturing domains, at the gateway of the fourth industrial revolution. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has already shown its potential in this new reality, exhibiting remarkable applications in the production of drug delivery systems. As part of this concept, personalization of the dosage form by means of individualized drug dose or improved formulation functionalities has concentrated global research efforts. Beyond the manufacturing level, significant parameters must be considered to promote the real-time manufacturing of pharmaceutical products in distributed areas. The majority of current research activities is focused on formulating 3D-printed drug delivery systems while showcasing different scenarios of installing 3D printers in patients' houses, hospitals, and community pharmacies, as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Such research presents an array of parameters that must be considered to integrate 3D printing in a future healthcare system, with special focus on regulatory issues, drug shortages, quality assurance of the product, and acceptability of these scenarios by healthcare professionals and public parties. The objective of this review is to critically present the spectrum of possible scenarios of 3D printing implementation in future healthcare and to discuss the inevitable issues that must be addressed.
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49
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Than YM, Suriyarak S, Titapiwatanakun V. Rheological Investigation of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose–Based Filaments for Material Extrusion 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061108. [PMID: 35335439 PMCID: PMC8948723 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheological properties of drug–polymer mixtures have a significant influence on their processability when using transformative techniques, such as hot-melt-extrusion and material-extrusion 3D printing; however, there has been limited data on printable systems. This study investigated the rheological properties of 17 formulations of successful printed tablets for both immediate and controlled release. Hydroxypropyl cellulose was used in various ratios to obtain printable filaments in combination with various drugs (indomethacin or theophylline), polymers and disintegrants. The complex viscosity, shear thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties were affected by the drug load, polymer composite, disintegrant type, temperature and shear rate applied. Larger windows of processing viscosity were revealed. The viscosity of the printable blends could be as low as the range 10–1000 Pa·s at 100 rad/s angular frequency. All formulations showed shear thinning behavior with a broad slope of complex viscosity from −0.28 to −0.74. The addition of 30–60% drug or disintegrant tended to have greater viscosity values. While microcrystalline cellulose was found to be an alternative additive to lower the storage and loss modulus among disintegrants. This rheological data could be useful for the preformulation and further development of material-extrusion 3D-printing medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mon Than
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sarisa Suriyarak
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Emerging Processes for Food Functionality Design Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Varin Titapiwatanakun
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.T.)
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Bracken L, Habashy R, McDonough E, Wilson F, Shakeshaft J, Ohia U, Garcia-Sorribes T, Isreb A, Alhnan MA, Peak M. Creating Acceptable Tablets 3D (CAT 3D): A Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Acceptability of 3D Printed Tablets in Children and Young People. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030516. [PMID: 35335892 PMCID: PMC8954179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing (3DP) has been proposed as a novel approach for personalising dosage forms for children and young people (CYP). Owing to its low cost and the lack of need for finishing steps, fused deposing modelling (FDM) 3DP has been heavily researched in solid dosage forms (SDFs) manufacturing. However, the swallowability and overall acceptability of 3D printed dosage forms are yet to be established. This work is the first to evaluate the acceptability of different sized 3D printed placebo SDFs in CYP (aged 4–12 years). All participants had previously participated in a feasibility study (CAT study) that assessed the swallowability and acceptability of different sized GMP manufactured placebo conventional film-coated tablets, and therefore only attempted to swallow one 3D printed tablet. The participants assessed the swallowability, acceptability, mouthfeel, volume of water consumed, and taste of the sample using a 5-point hedonic facial scale on a participant questionnaire. A total of 30 participants were recruited, 87% of whom successfully swallowed the 3D printed tablet that they attempted to take. Attributes of the 3D printed tablets were scored as acceptable by the following percentage of participants—swallowability (80%), mouthfeel/texture (87%), the volume of water consumed (80%), taste (93%), and overall acceptability (83%). Overall, 77% of children reported they would be happy to take the tablet every day if it was a medicine. Participants were also asked which tablets felt better in the mouth—the film-coated tablets or the 3D printed tablets, and the most popular response (43%) was that both were acceptable. This study shows that FDM-based 3D printed SDFs may be a suitable dosage form for children aged 4–12 years. The results from this feasibility study will be used to inform a larger, definitive study looking at the acceptability of 3D printed tablets in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bracken
- Paediatric Medicines Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK; (L.B.); (E.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Rober Habashy
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (R.H.); (T.G.-S.); (A.I.)
| | - Emma McDonough
- Paediatric Medicines Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK; (L.B.); (E.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Fiona Wilson
- NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK; (F.W.); (U.O.)
| | - Joanne Shakeshaft
- Paediatric Medicines Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK; (L.B.); (E.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Udeme Ohia
- NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK; (F.W.); (U.O.)
| | - Tamar Garcia-Sorribes
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (R.H.); (T.G.-S.); (A.I.)
| | - Abdullah Isreb
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (R.H.); (T.G.-S.); (A.I.)
| | - Mohamed A. Alhnan
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (M.P.); Tel.: +44-(0)20-7848-7265 (M.A.A.)
| | - Matthew Peak
- Paediatric Medicines Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK; (L.B.); (E.M.); (J.S.)
- NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK; (F.W.); (U.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (M.P.); Tel.: +44-(0)20-7848-7265 (M.A.A.)
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