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Shamjana U, Vasu DA, Hembrom PS, Nayak K, Grace T. The role of insect gut microbiota in host fitness, detoxification and nutrient supplementation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:71. [PMID: 38668783 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Insects are incredibly diverse, ubiquitous and have successfully flourished out of the dynamic and often unpredictable nature of evolutionary processes. The resident microbiome has accompanied the physical and biological adaptations that enable their continued survival and proliferation in a wide array of environments. The host insect and microbiome's bidirectional relationship exhibits their capability to influence each other's physiology, behavior and characteristics. Insects are reported to rely directly on the microbial community to break down complex food, adapt to nutrient-deficit environments, protect themselves from natural adversaries and control the expression of social behavior. High-throughput metagenomic approaches have enhanced the potential for determining the abundance, composition, diversity and functional activities of microbial fauna associated with insect hosts, enabling in-depth investigation into insect-microbe interactions. We undertook a review of some of the major advances in the field of metagenomics, focusing on insect-microbe interaction, diversity and composition of resident microbiota, the functional capability of endosymbionts and discussions on different symbiotic relationships. The review aims to be a valuable resource on insect gut symbiotic microbiota by providing a comprehensive understanding of how insect gut symbionts systematically perform a range of functions, viz., insecticide degradation, nutritional support and immune fitness. A thorough understanding of manipulating specific gut symbionts may aid in developing advanced insect-associated research to attain health and design strategies for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Shamjana
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Deepa Azhchath Vasu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Preety Sweta Hembrom
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Karunakar Nayak
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
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Reddy K, Stafford GI, Makunga NP. Skeletons in the closet? Using a bibliometric lens to visualise phytochemical and pharmacological activities linked to Sceletium, a mood enhancer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1268101. [PMID: 38576783 PMCID: PMC10991851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1268101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants from the Sceletium genus (Aizoaceae) have been traditionally used for millennia by the Khoe and Khoen people in southern Africa, as an appetite suppressant as well as a mood elevator. In more recent times, this mood-elevating activity has been commercialised in the South African natural products industry for the treatment of anxiety and depression, with several products available both locally and abroad. Research on this species has seen rapid growth with advancements in analytical and pharmacological tools, in an effort to understand the composition and biological activity. The Web of Science (WoS) database was searched for articles related to 'Sceletium' and 'Mesembrine'. These data were additionally analysed by bibliometric software (VOSviewer) to generate term maps and author associations. The thematic areas with the most citations were South African Traditional Medicine for mental health (110) and anxiolytic agents (75). Pioneer studies in the genus focused on chemical structural isolation, purification, and characterisation and techniques such as thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography (HPLC, UPLC, and more recently, LC-MS), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study mesembrine alkaloids. Different laboratories have used a diverse range of extraction and preanalytical methods that became routinely favoured in the analysis of the main metabolites (mesembrine, mesembranol, mesembranone, and Sceletium A4) in their respective experimental settings. In contrast with previous reviews, this paper identified gaps in the research field, being a lack of toxicology assays, a deficit of clinical assessments, too few bioavailability studies, and little to no investigation into the minor alkaloid groups found in Sceletium. Future studies are likely to see innovations in analytical techniques like leaf spray mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real-time ionisation coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-HR-TOF-MS) for rapid alkaloid identification and quality control purposes. While S. tortuosum has been the primary focus, studying other Sceletium species may aid in establishing chemotaxonomic relationships and addressing challenges with species misidentification. This research can benefit the nutraceutical industry and conservation efforts for the entire genus. At present, little to no pharmacological information is available in terms of the molecular physiological effects of mesembrine alkaloids in medical clinical settings. Research in these fields is expected to increase due to the growing interest in S. tortuosum as a herbal supplement and the potential development of mesembrine alkaloids into pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylan Reddy
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gary I. Stafford
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nokwanda P. Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Vaneeckhaute E, Tyburn J, Kempf JG, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Reversible Parahydrogen Induced Hyperpolarization of 15 N in Unmodified Amino Acids Unraveled at High Magnetic Field. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207112. [PMID: 37211713 PMCID: PMC10427394 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) and ammonia are metabolic markers essential for nitrogen metabolism and cell regulation in both plants and humans. NMR provides interesting opportunities to investigate these metabolic pathways, yet lacks sensitivity, especially in case of 15 N. In this study, spin order embedded in p-H2 is used to produce on-demand reversible hyperpolarization in 15 N of pristine alanine and ammonia under ambient protic conditions directly in the NMR spectrometer. This is made possible by designing a mixed-ligand Ir-catalyst, selectively ligating the amino group of AA by exploiting ammonia as a strongly competitive co-ligand and preventing deactivation of Ir by bidentate ligation of AA. The stereoisomerism of the catalyst complexes is determined by hydride fingerprinting using 1 H/D scrambling of the associated N-functional groups on the catalyst (i.e., isotopological fingerprinting), and unravelled by 2D-ZQ-NMR. Monitoring the transfer of spin order from p-H2 to 15 N nuclei of ligated and free alanine and ammonia targets using SABRE-INEPT with variable exchange delays pinpoints the monodentate elucidated catalyst complexes to be most SABRE active. Also RF-spin locking (SABRE-SLIC) enables transfer of hyperpolarization to 15 N. The presented high-field approach can be a valuable alternative to SABRE-SHEATH techniques since the obtained catalytic insights (stereochemistry and kinetics) will remain valid at ultra-low magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Univ LyonCNRS, ENS LyonUCBLUniversité de LyonCRMN UMR 5280Villeurbanne69100France
| | - Jean‐Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin34 Rue de l'Industrie BP 10002Wissembourg Cedex67166France
| | | | - Johan A. Martens
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY – Centre for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)Notkestraße 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
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Serag A, Salem MA, Gong S, Wu JL, Farag MA. Decoding Metabolic Reprogramming in Plants under Pathogen Attacks, a Comprehensive Review of Emerging Metabolomics Technologies to Maximize Their Applications. Metabolites 2023; 13:424. [PMID: 36984864 PMCID: PMC10055942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In their environment, plants interact with a multitude of living organisms and have to cope with a large variety of aggressions of biotic or abiotic origin. What has been known for several decades is that the extraordinary variety of chemical compounds the plants are capable of synthesizing may be estimated in the range of hundreds of thousands, but only a fraction has been fully characterized to be implicated in defense responses. Despite the vast importance of these metabolites for plants and also for human health, our knowledge about their biosynthetic pathways and functions is still fragmentary. Recent progress has been made particularly for the phenylpropanoids and oxylipids metabolism, which is more emphasized in this review. With an increasing interest in monitoring plant metabolic reprogramming, the development of advanced analysis methods should now follow. This review capitalizes on the advanced technologies used in metabolome mapping in planta, including different metabolomics approaches, imaging, flux analysis, and interpretation using bioinformatics tools. Advantages and limitations with regards to the application of each technique towards monitoring which metabolite class or type are highlighted, with special emphasis on the necessary future developments to better mirror such intricate metabolic interactions in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shilin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Borges RM, Gouveia GJ, das Chagas FO. Advances in Microbial NMR Metabolomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:123-147. [PMID: 37843808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Confidently, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the most informative technique in analytical chemistry and its use as an analytical platform in metabolomics is well proven. This chapter aims to present NMR as a viable tool for microbial metabolomics discussing its fundamental aspects and applications in metabolomics using some chosen examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonçalo Jorge Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fernanda Oliveira das Chagas
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
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Kisiriko M, Anastasiadi M, Terry LA, Yasri A, Beale MH, Ward JL. Phenolics from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Characterisation and Potential as Biostimulants and Bioprotectants. Molecules 2021; 26:6343. [PMID: 34770752 PMCID: PMC8588183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biostimulants and bioprotectants are derived from natural sources and can enhance crop growth and protect crops from pests and pathogens, respectively. They have attracted much attention in the past few decades and contribute to a more sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural system. Despite not having been explored extensively, plant extracts and their component secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds have been shown to have biostimulant effects on plants, including enhancement of growth attributes and yield, as well as bioprotectant effects, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, herbicidal and nematicidal effects. Medicinal and aromatic plants are widely distributed all over the world and are abundant sources of phenolic compounds. This paper reviews the characterisation of phenolic compounds and extracts from medicinal and aromatic plants, including a brief overview of their extraction, phytochemical screening and methods of analysis. The second part of the review highlights the potential for use of phenolic compounds and extracts as biostimulants and bioprotectants in agriculture as well as some of the challenges related to their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Kisiriko
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (M.K.); (M.A.); (L.A.T.)
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK;
| | - Maria Anastasiadi
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (M.K.); (M.A.); (L.A.T.)
| | - Leon Alexander Terry
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (M.K.); (M.A.); (L.A.T.)
| | - Abdelaziz Yasri
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
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Sardans J, Gargallo‐Garriga A, Urban O, Klem K, Holub P, Janssens IA, Walker TWN, Pesqueda A, Peñuelas J. Ecometabolomics of plant–herbivore and plant–fungi interactions: a synthesis study. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Albert Gargallo‐Garriga
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk 2610 Belgium
| | - Tom W. N. Walker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Argus Pesqueda
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
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Wahyuni DSC, Choi YH, Leiss KA, Klinkhamer PGL. Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1384. [PMID: 34371587 PMCID: PMC8309351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinar S. C. Wahyuni
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kirsten A. Leiss
- Business Unit Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research Center, Postbus 20, 2665ZG Bleiswijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
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Murti RH, Afifah EN, Nuringtyas TR. Metabolomic Response of Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) against Bacterial Wilt ( Ralstonia solanacearum) Using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10061143. [PMID: 34205226 PMCID: PMC8226496 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen responsible for wilting, yield losses, and death in tomato plants. The use of resistant cultivars has been proven as the most appropriate solution to controlling this pathogen. Therefore, further study of host-plant resistance mechanisms in tomatoes is urgently needed. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis has been used to identify the biochemical compounds that play a crucial role in the defense mechanisms of tomato against bacterial wilt. Eleven metabolites consisting of amino acids, sugars and organic acids were identified and presented at different concentrations in each cultivar. Leucine and valine were determined as distinguishable metabolites of resistant and susceptible cultivars. Permata and Hawaii 7996 as resistant cultivars had a significant decrease of valine after inoculation about 1.5-2 times compared to the susceptible cultivar (GM2). Meanwhile, the resistant cultivars had a higher level of leucine, about 1.3-1.5 times compared to the susceptible ones. Synthesis of leucine and valine are linked as a member of the pyruvate family. Therefore, the decrease in valine may be related to the higher need for leucine to form the leucine-rich receptor, which plays a role in the plant's immune system against the bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Hari Murti
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Enik Nurlaili Afifah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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Scortichini M, Loreti S, Pucci N, Scala V, Tatulli G, Verweire D, Oehl M, Widmer U, Codina JM, Hertl P, Cesari G, De Caroli M, Angilè F, Migoni D, Del Coco L, Girelli CR, Dalessandro G, Fanizzi FP. Progress towards Sustainable Control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Olive Groves of Salento (Apulia, Italy). Pathogens 2021; 10:668. [PMID: 34072394 PMCID: PMC8228964 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca is the causal agent of "olive quick decline syndrome" in Salento (Apulia, Italy). On April 2015, we started interdisciplinary studies to provide a sustainable control strategy for this pathogen that threatens the multi-millennial olive agroecosystem of Salento. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence quantification showed that a zinc-copper-citric acid biocomplex-Dentamet®-reached the olive xylem tissue either after the spraying of the canopy or injection into the trunk, demonstrating its effective systemicity. The biocomplex showed in vitro bactericidal activity towards all X. fastidiosa subspecies. A mid-term evaluation of the control strategy performed in some olive groves of Salento indicated that this biocomplex significantly reduced both the symptoms and X. f. subsp. pauca cell concentration within the leaves of the local cultivars Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò. The treated trees started again to yield. A 1H-NMR metabolomic approach revealed, upon the treatments, a consistent increase in malic acid and γ-aminobutyrate for Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò trees, respectively. A novel endotherapy technique allowed injection of Dentamet® at low pressure directly into the vascular system of the tree and is currently under study for the promotion of resprouting in severely attacked trees. There are currently more than 700 ha of olive groves in Salento where this strategy is being applied to control X. f. subsp. pauca. These results collectively demonstrate an efficient, simple, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable strategy to control this pathogen in Salento.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00134 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Loreti
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00156 Roma, Italy; (S.L.); (N.P.); (V.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00156 Roma, Italy; (S.L.); (N.P.); (V.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00156 Roma, Italy; (S.L.); (N.P.); (V.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Tatulli
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00156 Roma, Italy; (S.L.); (N.P.); (V.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Dimitri Verweire
- Invaio Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (D.V.); (M.O.); (U.W.); (J.M.C.); (P.H.)
| | - Michael Oehl
- Invaio Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (D.V.); (M.O.); (U.W.); (J.M.C.); (P.H.)
| | - Urs Widmer
- Invaio Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (D.V.); (M.O.); (U.W.); (J.M.C.); (P.H.)
| | - Josep Massana Codina
- Invaio Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (D.V.); (M.O.); (U.W.); (J.M.C.); (P.H.)
| | - Peter Hertl
- Invaio Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (D.V.); (M.O.); (U.W.); (J.M.C.); (P.H.)
| | | | - Monica De Caroli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.A.); (D.M.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (G.D.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Federica Angilè
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.A.); (D.M.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (G.D.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.A.); (D.M.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (G.D.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.A.); (D.M.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (G.D.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.A.); (D.M.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (G.D.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Dalessandro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.A.); (D.M.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (G.D.); (F.P.F.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.A.); (D.M.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (G.D.); (F.P.F.)
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12
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Mascellani A, Leiss K, Bac-Molenaar J, Malanik M, Marsik P, Hernandez Olesinski E, Tauchen J, Kloucek P, Smejkal K, Havlik J. Polyketide Derivatives in the Resistance of Gerbera hybrida to Powdery Mildew. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:790907. [PMID: 35069647 PMCID: PMC8770985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.790907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is a common disease affecting the commercial production of gerbera flowers (Gerbera hybrida, Asteraceae). Some varieties show a certain degree of resistance to it. Our objective was to identify biomarkers of resistance to powdery mildew using an 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemometrics approach in a complex, fully factorial experiment to suggest a target for selection and breeding. Resistant varieties were found to differ from those that were susceptible in the metabolites of the polyketide pathway, such as gerberin, parasorboside, and gerberinside. A new compound probably involved in resistance, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid 3-O-β-D-glucoside, was described for the first time. A decision tree model was built to distinguish resistant varieties, with an accuracy of 57.7%, sensitivity of 72%, and specificity of 44.44% in an independent test. Our results suggest the mechanism of resistance to powdery mildew in gerbera and provide a potential tool for resistance screening in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mascellani
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kirsten Leiss
- Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University & Research, Bleiswijk, Netherlands
| | - Johanna Bac-Molenaar
- Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University & Research, Bleiswijk, Netherlands
| | - Milan Malanik
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Marsik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jan Tauchen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Kloucek
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jaroslav Havlik,
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13
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Che Zain MS, Lee SY, Nasir NM, Fakurazi S, Shaari K. Metabolite Characterization and Correlations with Antioxidant and Wound Healing Properties of Oil Palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaflets via 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E5636. [PMID: 33265992 PMCID: PMC7731087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaflets (OPLs) are one of the major agricultural by-products generated from the massive cultivation of Malaysian palm oil. This biomass is also reported to be of potential value based on its health-improving effects. By employing proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis (MVDA), the metabolite profile of OPLs was characterized and correlated with their antioxidant and wound healing properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified four varieties of extracts, prepared using solvents ranging from polar to medium polarity, into three distinct clusters. Cumulatively, six flavonoids, eight organic acids, four carbohydrates, and an amine were identified from the solvent extracts. The more polar extracts, such as, the ethyl acetate-methanol, absolute methanol, and methanol-water, were richer in phytochemicals. Based on partial least square (PLS) analysis, the constituents in these extracts, such as (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin, were strongly correlated with the measured antioxidant activities, comprising ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging activities, as well as with cell proliferation and migration activities. This study has provided crucial evidence on the importance of these natural antioxidant compounds on the wound healing properties of OPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Shazeli Che Zain
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.S.C.Z.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Soo Yee Lee
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.S.C.Z.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Nadiah Mad Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules (VacBio), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.S.C.Z.); (S.Y.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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14
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Different "metabolomic niches" of the highly diverse tree species of the French Guiana rainforests. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6937. [PMID: 32332903 PMCID: PMC7181821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical rainforests harbor a particularly high plant diversity. We hypothesize that potential causes underlying this high diversity should be linked to distinct overall functionality (defense and growth allocation, anti-stress mechanisms, reproduction) among the different sympatric taxa. In this study we tested the hypothesis of the existence of a metabolomic niche related to a species-specific differential use and allocation of metabolites. We tested this hypothesis by comparing leaf metabolomic profiles of 54 species in two rainforests of French Guiana. Species identity explained most of the variation in the metabolome, with a species-specific metabolomic profile across dry and wet seasons. In addition to this “homeostatic” species-specific metabolomic profile significantly linked to phylogenetic distances, also part of the variance (flexibility) of the metabolomic profile was explained by season within a single species. Our results support the hypothesis of the high diversity in tropical forest being related to a species-specific metabolomic niche and highlight ecometabolomics as a tool to identify this species functional diversity related and consistent with the ecological niche theory.
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15
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Zhang K, Lu H, Wan C, Tang D, Zhao Y, Luo K, Li S, Wang J. The Spread and Transmission of Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Its Effect on the Gene Expression Profile in Sweet Potato. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040492. [PMID: 32290324 PMCID: PMC7238082 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) is the most devastating viral disease in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), causing substantial yield losses worldwide. We conducted a systemic investigation on the spread, transmission, and pathogenesis of SPVD. Field experiments conducted over two years on ten sweet potato varieties showed that SPVD symptoms first occurred in newly developed top leaves, and spread from adjacent to distant plants in the field. The SPVD incidence was mainly (but not only) determined by the resistance of the varieties planted, and each variety exhibited a characteristic subset of SPVD symptoms. SPVD was not robustly transmitted through friction inoculation, but friction of the main stem might contribute to a higher SPVD incidence rate compared to friction of the leaf and branch tissues. Furthermore, our results suggested that SPVD might be latent in the storage root. Therefore, using virus-free storage roots and cuttings, purposeful monitoring for SPVD according to variety-specific symptoms, and swiftly removing infected plants (especially during the later growth stages) would help control and prevent SPVD during sweet potato production. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that numerous genes involved in photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis were downregulated following SPVD, whereas those involved in monolignol biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism were upregulated. Notably, critical genes involved in pathogenesis and plant defense were significantly induced or suppressed following SPVD. These data provide insights into the molecular changes of sweet potato in response to SPVD and elucidate potential SPVD pathogenesis and defense mechanisms in sweet potato. Our study provides important information that can be used to tailor sustainable SPVD control strategies and guide the molecular breeding of SPVD-resistant sweet potato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.);
(J.W.); Tel.: +86-6825-1264 (K.Z.); +86-6825-1264 (J.W.)
| | - Huixiang Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuanfang Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- The Agricultural Science Research Institute of Liupanshui, Guizhou 553001, China
| | - Shixi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.);
(J.W.); Tel.: +86-6825-1264 (K.Z.); +86-6825-1264 (J.W.)
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16
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Valentino G, Graziani V, D’Abrosca B, Pacifico S, Fiorentino A, Scognamiglio M. NMR-Based Plant Metabolomics in Nutraceutical Research: An Overview. Molecules 2020; 25:E1444. [PMID: 32210071 PMCID: PMC7145309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few topics are able to channel the interest of researchers, the public, and industries, like nutraceuticals. The ever-increasing demand of new compounds or new sources of known active compounds, along with the need of a better knowledge about their effectiveness, mode of action, safety, etc., led to a significant effort towards the development of analytical approaches able to answer the many questions related to this topic. Therefore, the application of cutting edges approaches to this area has been observed. Among these approaches, metabolomics is a key player. Herewith, the applications of NMR-based metabolomics to nutraceutical research are discussed: after a brief overview of the analytical workflow, the use of NMR-based metabolomics to the search for new compounds or new sources of known nutraceuticals are reviewed. Then, possible applications for quality control and nutraceutical optimization are suggested. Finally, the use of NMR-based metabolomics to study the impact of nutraceuticals on human metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Valentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche-DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (G.V.); (B.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Vittoria Graziani
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Brigida D’Abrosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche-DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (G.V.); (B.D.); (S.P.)
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche-DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (G.V.); (B.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche-DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (G.V.); (B.D.); (S.P.)
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche-DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy; (G.V.); (B.D.); (S.P.)
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Cvetković M, Damjanović A, Stanojković TP, Đorđević I, Tešević V, Milosavljević S, Gođevac D. Integration of dry-column flash chromatography with NMR and FTIR metabolomics to reveal cytotoxic metabolites from Amphoricarpos autariatus. Talanta 2019; 206:120248. [PMID: 31514863 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics generate a profile of small molecules from plant extracts, which could be directly responsible for bioactivity effects. Using dry-column flash chromatography enabled a rapid and inexpensive method for the very efficient separation of plant extract with a high resolution. This separation method coupled to NMR and FTIR-based metabolomics is applied to identify bioactive natural products. OPLS multivariate analysis method, was used for correlation the chemical composition of the plant extracts, Amphoricarpos autariatus, with the results of cytotoxic activity against Human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) and epithelial lung cancer cell line (A549). In this way, the highest contribution to the cytotoxic activity was recorded for the guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones named amphoricarpolides. The compounds indicated as bioactive after metabolomics analysis were tested, and their cytotoxic activity were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Cvetković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Studentskitrg12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Damjanović
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Iris Đorđević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tešević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Milosavljević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Gođevac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Studentskitrg12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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18
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Girelli CR, Angilè F, Del Coco L, Migoni D, Zampella L, Marcelletti S, Cristella N, Marangi P, Scortichini M, Fanizzi FP. 1H-NMR Metabolite Fingerprinting Analysis Reveals a Disease Biomarker and a Field Treatment Response in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca-Infected Olive Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E115. [PMID: 31035723 PMCID: PMC6571561 DOI: 10.3390/plants8050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca is a xylem-limited bacterial phytopathogen currently found associated on many hectares with the "olive quick decline syndrome" in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), and the cultivars Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò result in being particularly sensitive to the disease. In order to find compounds showing the capability of reducing the population cell density of the pathogen within the leaves, we tested, in some olive orchards naturally-infected by the bacterium, a zinc-copper-citric acid biocomplex, namely Dentamet®, by spraying it to the crown, once per month, during spring and summer. The occurrence of the pathogen in the four olive orchards chosen for the trial was molecularly assessed. A 1H NMR metabolomic approach, in conjunction with a multivariate statistical analysis, was applied to investigate the metabolic pattern of both infected and treated adult olive cultivars, Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò trees, in two sampling periods, performed during the first year of the trial. For both cultivars and sampling periods, the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) gave good models of separation according to the treatment application. In both cultivars, some metabolites such as quinic acid, the aldehydic form of oleoeuropein, ligstroside and phenolic compounds, were consistently found as discriminative for the untreated olive trees in comparison with the Dentamet®-treated trees. Quinic acid, a precursor of lignin, was confirmed as a disease biomarker for the olive trees infected by X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca. When treated with Dentamet®, the two cultivars showed a distinct response. A consistent increase in malic acid was observed for the Ogliarola salentina trees, whereas in the Cellina di Nardò trees the treatments attenuate the metabolic response to the infection. To note that in Cellina di Nardò trees at the first sampling, an increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was observed. This study highlights how the infection incited by X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca strongly modifies the overall metabolism of olive trees, and how a zinc-copper-citric acid biocomplex can induce an early re-programming of the metabolic pathways in the infected trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Federica Angilè
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Luigi Zampella
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Via Torrino, 3, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Simone Marcelletti
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Via Torrino, 3, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Nicola Cristella
- Studio Agro-Ambientale ed Ingegneria Terranostra srls, Via XXIV Maggio, 10, I-74020 Lizzano (TA), Italy.
| | - Paolo Marangi
- Studio Agro-Ambientale ed Ingegneria Terranostra srls, Via XXIV Maggio, 10, I-74020 Lizzano (TA), Italy.
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Via Torrino, 3, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
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19
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Xiong W, Wu Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Su K, Bai Z, Guo S, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Bao Y, Sun J, Yang G, Fu C. Mutation of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase 1 gene affects lignin biosynthesis and increases the cell wall digestibility in maize brown midrib5 mutants. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:82. [PMID: 31007716 PMCID: PMC6456989 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize brown midrib (bm) mutants associated with impaired lignin biosynthesis are a potential source for the breed of novel germplasms with improved cell wall digestibility. The spontaneous bm5 mutants had been identified since 2008. However, the gene responsible for the bm5 locus, and the comprehensive effects of bm5 mutation on lignin biosynthesis, soluble phenolics accumulation, and cell wall degradation have yet to be elucidated. RESULTS The bm5 locus was identified to encode a major 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (Zm4CL1) through analyzing MutMap-assisted gene mapping data. Two alleles of Zm4CL1 isolated from bm5 mutants contained two transposons inserted in the first exon and the second intron, respectively, and consequently, the activities of 4CLs in the crude enzyme extracts from bm5 midribs were reduced by 51-62% compared with the wild type. Furthermore, five 4CLs were retrieved from maize genome, and Zm4CL1 was the most highly expressed one in the lignified tissues. Mutation of Zm4CL1 mainly impeded the biosynthesis of guaiacyl (G) lignins and increased the level of soluble feruloyl derivatives without impacting maize growth and development. Moreover, both neutral detergent fiber digestibility and saccharification efficiency of cell walls were significantly elevated in the bm5 mutant. CONCLUSIONS Zm4CL1 was identified as the Bm5 gene, since two independent alleles of Zm4CL1 were associated with the same mutant phenotype. Mutation of Zm4CL1 mainly affected G lignin biosynthesis and soluble feruloyl derivatives accumulation in maize lignified tissues. The reduced recalcitrance of the bm5 mutant suggests that Zm4CL1 is an elite target for cell wall engineering, and genetic manipulation of this gene will facilitate the utilization of crop straw and stover that have to be dealt with for environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - Kunlong Su
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - Zetao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001 China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001 China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
| | - Juan Sun
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 China
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20
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Alghamdi A, Gerasimidis K, Blackburn G, Akinci D, Edwards C, Russell RK, Watson DG. Untargeted Metabolomics of Extracts from Faecal Samples Demonstrates Distinct Differences between Paediatric Crohn's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls but No Significant Changes Resulting from Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Treatment. Metabolites 2018; 8:E82. [PMID: 30467282 PMCID: PMC6315767 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling using high resolution mass spectrometry with hydrophilic interaction chromatography was applied to 11 faecal extracts from eleven healthy children and to 43 faecal extracts from eleven children undergoing exclusive enteral nutrition for the treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD) at timepoints before, during (15, 30, and 60 days), and after treatment. Differences between the control and CD samples were identified at each timepoint. An orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model identified eight metabolites that were normally distributed according to Q-Q plots. The OPLS-DA model was able to discriminate the CD samples from the controls at every timepoint, but the model was not able to differentiate the CD samples from one another at the different timepoints during treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition. The differentiated metabolites identified in the CD samples included tyrosine, an ornithine isomer, arachidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, docosatetraenoic acid, a sphingomyelin, a ceramide, and dimethylsphinganine. Despite successful treatment, underlying differences remained in the metabolome of the CD patients. These differences dominated the separation of the samples when multivariate methods were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alghamdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | | | - Gavin Blackburn
- Glasgow Polyomics, Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Didem Akinci
- Glasgow Polyomics, Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Christine Edwards
- Glasgow Polyomics, Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Richard K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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21
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Wolfender JL, Nuzillard JM, van der Hooft JJJ, Renault JH, Bertrand S. Accelerating Metabolite Identification in Natural Product Research: Toward an Ideal Combination of Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry and NMR Profiling, in Silico Databases, and Chemometrics. Anal Chem 2018; 91:704-742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
- ThalassOMICS Metabolomics Facility, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, 44035 Nantes, France
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22
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Srinivasan R, Abney MR, Lai PC, Culbreath AK, Tallury S, Leal-Bertioli SCM. Resistance to Thrips in Peanut and Implications for Management of Thrips and Thrips-Transmitted Orthotospoviruses in Peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1604. [PMID: 30459792 PMCID: PMC6232880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thrips are major pests of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide, and they serve as vectors of devastating orthotospoviruses such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV). A tremendous effort has been devoted to developing peanut cultivars with resistance to orthotospoviruses. Consequently, cultivars with moderate field resistance to viruses exist, but not much is known about host resistance to thrips. Integrating host plant resistance to thrips in peanut could suppress thrips feeding damage and reduce virus transmission, will decrease insecticide usage, and enhance sustainability in the production system. This review focuses on details of thrips resistance in peanut and identifies future directions for incorporating thrips resistance in peanut cultivars. Research on thrips-host interactions in peanut is predominantly limited to field evaluations of feeding damage, though, laboratory studies have revealed that peanut cultivars could differentially affect thrips feeding and thrips biology. Many runner type cultivars, field resistant to TSWV, representing diverse pedigrees evaluated against thrips in the greenhouse revealed that thrips preferred some cultivars over others, suggesting that antixenosis "non-preference" could contribute to thrips resistance in peanut. In other crops, morphological traits such as leaf architecture and waxiness and spectral reflectance have been associated with thrips non-preference. It is not clear if foliar morphological traits in peanut are associated with reduced preference or non-preference of thrips and need to be evaluated. Besides thrips non-preference, thrips larval survival to adulthood and median developmental time were negatively affected in some peanut cultivars and in a diploid peanut species Arachis diogoi (Hoehne) and its hybrids with a Virginia type cultivar, indicating that antibiosis (negative effects on biology) could also be a factor influencing thrips resistance in peanut. Available field resistance to orthotospoviruses in peanut is not complete, and cultivars can suffer substantial yield loss under high thrips and virus pressure. Integrating thrips resistance with available virus resistance would be ideal to limit losses. A discussion of modern technologies such as transgenic resistance, marker assisted selection and RNA interference, and future directions that could be undertaken to integrate resistance to thrips and to orthotospoviruses in peanut cultivars is included in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Abney
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Pin-Chu Lai
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Albert K. Culbreath
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Shyam Tallury
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, GA, United States
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23
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Tsujimoto T, Yoshitomi T, Maruyama T, Yamamoto Y, Hakamatsuka T, Uchiyama N. 13C-NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting of Citrus-type crude drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:305-312. [PMID: 30193199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five Citrus-type crude drugs (40 samples) were classified using 13C-NMR spectra-based metabolomics. The following eight metabolites were identified from the loading plots of multivariate analysis of the 13C-NMR spectra; naringin, neohesperidin, narirutin, synephrine, sucrose, α-glucose, β-glucose, and limonene. 13C-NMR spectra-based metabolic fingerprinting is a promising strategy for classifying crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsujimoto
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Taichi Yoshitomi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takuro Maruyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd., Oniya Kaibara-cho, Tamba, Hyogo 669-3315, Japan
| | - Takashi Hakamatsuka
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
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24
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Richards LA, Oliveira C, Dyer LA, Rumbaugh A, Urbano-Muñoz F, Wallace IS, Dodson CD, Jeffrey CS. Shedding Light on Chemically Mediated Tri-Trophic Interactions: A 1H-NMR Network Approach to Identify Compound Structural Features and Associated Biological Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1155. [PMID: 30174676 PMCID: PMC6107749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diverse mixtures of plant natural products play an important role in plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions. In the pursuit of understanding these chemically-mediated interactions, we are often faced with the challenge of determining ecologically and biologically relevant compounds present in complex phytochemical mixtures. Using a network-based approach, we analyzed binned 1H-NMR data from 196 prepared mixtures of commonly studied secondary metabolites including alkaloids, amides, terpenes, iridoid glycosides, saponins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and phytosterols. The mixtures included multiple dimensions of chemical diversity, including molecular complexity, mixture complexity and differences in relative compound concentrations. This approach yielded modules of co-occurring chemical shifts that were correlated with specific compounds or common structural features shared across compounds. This approach was then applied to crude phytochemical extracts of 31 species in the phytochemically diverse tropical plant genus Piper (Piperaceae). Combining the activity of crude plant extracts in an array of bioassays with our 1H-NMR network approach, we identified a potential prenylated benzoic acid from these mixtures that exhibits antifungal properties and identified small structural differences that were potentially responsible for antifungal activity. In an intraspecific analysis of individual Piper kelleyi plants, we also found ontogenetic differences in chemistry that may affect natural plant enemies. In sum, this approach allowed us to characterize mixtures as useful network modules and to combine chemical and ecological datasets to identify biologically important compounds from crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora A. Richards
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Celso Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Lee A. Dyer
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Arran Rumbaugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Federico Urbano-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ian S. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Craig D. Dodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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25
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Undas AK, Weihrauch F, Lutz A, van Tol R, Delatte T, Verstappen F, Bouwmeester H. The Use of Metabolomics to Elucidate Resistance Markers against Damson-Hop Aphid. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:711-726. [PMID: 29978430 PMCID: PMC6096525 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phorodon humuli (Damson-hop aphid) is one of the major pests of hops in the northern hemisphere. It causes significant yield losses and reduces hop quality and economic value. Damson-hop aphid is currently controlled with insecticides, but the number of approved pesticides is steadily decreasing. In addition, the use of insecticides almost inevitably results in the development of resistant aphid genotypes. An integrated approach to pest management in hop cultivation is therefore badly needed in order to break this cycle and to prevent the selection of strains resistant to the few remaining registered insecticides. The backbone of such an integrated strategy is the breeding of hop cultivars that are resistant to Damson-hop aphid. However, up to date mechanisms of hops resistance towards Damson-hop aphids have not yet been unraveled. In the experiments presented here, we used metabolite profiling followed by multivariate analysis and show that metabolites responsible for hop aroma and flavor (sesquiterpenes) in the cones can also be found in the leaves, long before the hop cones develop, and may play a role in resistance against aphids. In addition, aphid feeding induced a change in the metabolome of all hop genotypes particularly an increase in a number of oxidized compounds, which suggests this may be part of a resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Undas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsboss 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Weihrauch
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Hop Research Center Huell, Wolnzach, Germany
| | - Anton Lutz
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Hop Research Center Huell, Wolnzach, Germany
| | - Rob van Tol
- Wageningen Plant Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Delatte
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Plant Hormone Biology group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Peters K, Worrich A, Weinhold A, Alka O, Balcke G, Birkemeyer C, Bruelheide H, Calf OW, Dietz S, Dührkop K, Gaquerel E, Heinig U, Kücklich M, Macel M, Müller C, Poeschl Y, Pohnert G, Ristok C, Rodríguez VM, Ruttkies C, Schuman M, Schweiger R, Shahaf N, Steinbeck C, Tortosa M, Treutler H, Ueberschaar N, Velasco P, Weiß BM, Widdig A, Neumann S, Dam NMV. Current Challenges in Plant Eco-Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1385. [PMID: 29734799 PMCID: PMC5983679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively new research discipline of Eco-Metabolomics is the application of metabolomics techniques to ecology with the aim to characterise biochemical interactions of organisms across different spatial and temporal scales. Metabolomics is an untargeted biochemical approach to measure many thousands of metabolites in different species, including plants and animals. Changes in metabolite concentrations can provide mechanistic evidence for biochemical processes that are relevant at ecological scales. These include physiological, phenotypic and morphological responses of plants and communities to environmental changes and also interactions with other organisms. Traditionally, research in biochemistry and ecology comes from two different directions and is performed at distinct spatiotemporal scales. Biochemical studies most often focus on intrinsic processes in individuals at physiological and cellular scales. Generally, they take a bottom-up approach scaling up cellular processes from spatiotemporally fine to coarser scales. Ecological studies usually focus on extrinsic processes acting upon organisms at population and community scales and typically study top-down and bottom-up processes in combination. Eco-Metabolomics is a transdisciplinary research discipline that links biochemistry and ecology and connects the distinct spatiotemporal scales. In this review, we focus on approaches to study chemical and biochemical interactions of plants at various ecological levels, mainly plant⁻organismal interactions, and discuss related examples from other domains. We present recent developments and highlight advancements in Eco-Metabolomics over the last decade from various angles. We further address the five key challenges: (1) complex experimental designs and large variation of metabolite profiles; (2) feature extraction; (3) metabolite identification; (4) statistical analyses; and (5) bioinformatics software tools and workflows. The presented solutions to these challenges will advance connecting the distinct spatiotemporal scales and bridging biochemistry and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Peters
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Anja Worrich
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Alka
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Gerd Balcke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Onno W Calf
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie Dietz
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kai Dührkop
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, 234 Herzl St., P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Marlen Kücklich
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mirka Macel
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline Müller
- Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christian Ristok
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Victor Manuel Rodríguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Christoph Ruttkies
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Meredith Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Rabea Schweiger
- Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Nir Shahaf
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, 234 Herzl St., P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Maria Tortosa
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Hendrik Treutler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassica, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Brigitte M Weiß
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Widdig
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
- Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental Biology, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Deborde C, Moing A, Roch L, Jacob D, Rolin D, Giraudeau P. Plant metabolism as studied by NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 102-103:61-97. [PMID: 29157494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant metabolism impacts a broad range of domains such as plant cultural practices, plant breeding, human or animal nutrition, phytochemistry and green biotechnologies. Plant metabolites are extremely diverse in terms of structure or compound families as well as concentrations. This review attempts to illustrate how NMR spectroscopy, with its broad variety of experimental approaches, has contributed widely to the study of plant primary or specialized metabolism in very diverse ways. The review presents recent developments of one-dimensional and multi-dimensional NMR methods to study various aspects of plant metabolism. Through recent examples, it highlights how NMR has proved to be an invaluable tool for the global characterization of sample composition within metabolomic studies, and shows some examples of use for targeted phytochemistry, with a special focus on compound identification and quantitation. In such cases, NMR approaches are often used to provide snapshots of the plant sample composition. The review also covers dynamic aspects of metabolism, with a description of NMR techniques to measure metabolic fluxes - in most cases after stable isotope labelling. It is mainly intended for NMR specialists who would be interested to learn more about the potential of their favourite technique in plant sciences and about specific details of NMR approaches in this field. Therefore, as a practical guide, a paragraph on the specific precautions that should be taken for sample preparation is also included. In addition, since the quality of NMR metabolic studies is highly dependent on approaches to data processing and data sharing, a specific part is dedicated to these aspects. The review concludes with perspectives on the emerging methods that could change significantly the role of NMR in the field of plant metabolism by boosting its sensitivity. The review is illustrated throughout with examples of studies selected to represent diverse applications of liquid-state or HR-MAS NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Deborde
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux - MetaboHUB, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux - MetaboHUB, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Léa Roch
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux - MetaboHUB, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux - MetaboHUB, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Dominique Rolin
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux - MetaboHUB, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Faculté des Sciences, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France.
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Gargallo-Garriga A, Wright SJ, Sardans J, Pérez-Trujillo M, Oravec M, Večeřová K, Urban O, Fernández-Martínez M, Parella T, Peñuelas J. Long-term fertilization determines different metabolomic profiles and responses in saplings of three rainforest tree species with different adult canopy position. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177030. [PMID: 28493911 PMCID: PMC5426662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical rainforests are frequently limited by soil nutrient availability. However, the response of the metabolic phenotypic plasticity of trees to an increase of soil nutrient availabilities is poorly understood. We expected that increases in the ability of a nutrient that limits some plant processes should be detected by corresponding changes in plant metabolome profile related to such processes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We studied the foliar metabolome of saplings of three abundant tree species in a 15 year field NPK fertilization experiment in a Panamanian rainforest. The largest differences were among species and explained 75% of overall metabolome variation. The saplings of the large canopy species, Tetragastris panamensis, had the lowest concentrations of all identified amino acids and the highest concentrations of most identified secondary compounds. The saplings of the "mid canopy" species, Alseis blackiana, had the highest concentrations of amino acids coming from the biosynthesis pathways of glycerate-3P, oxaloacetate and α-ketoglutarate, and the saplings of the low canopy species, Heisteria concinna, had the highest concentrations of amino acids coming from the pyruvate synthesis pathways. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The changes in metabolome provided strong evidence that different nutrients limit different species in different ways. With increasing P availability, the two canopy species shifted their metabolome towards larger investment in protection mechanisms, whereas with increasing N availability, the sub-canopy species increased its primary metabolism. The results highlighted the proportional distinct use of different nutrients by different species and the resulting different metabolome profiles in this high diversity community are consistent with the ecological niche theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Faculty of Sciences and Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Míriam Pérez-Trujillo
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Faculty of Sciences and Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Večeřová
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Faculty of Sciences and Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Mouden S, Sarmiento KF, Klinkhamer PGL, Leiss KA. Integrated pest management in western flower thrips: past, present and future. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:813-822. [PMID: 28127901 PMCID: PMC5396260 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips (WFT) is one of the most economically important pest insects of many crops worldwide. Recent EU legislation has caused a dramatic shift in pest management strategies, pushing for tactics that are less reliable on chemicals. The development of alternative strategies is therefore an issue of increasing urgency. This paper reviews the main control tactics in integrated pest management (IPM) of WFT, with the focus on biological control and host plant resistance as areas of major progress. Knowledge gaps are identified and innovative approaches emphasised, highlighting the advances in 'omics' technologies. Successful programmes are most likely generated when preventive and therapeutic strategies with mutually beneficial, cost-effective and environmentally sound foundations are incorporated. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Mouden
- Research Group Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryInstitute of Biology, Leiden UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Kryss Facun Sarmiento
- Research Group Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryInstitute of Biology, Leiden UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Peter GL Klinkhamer
- Research Group Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryInstitute of Biology, Leiden UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A Leiss
- Research Group Plant Ecology and PhytochemistryInstitute of Biology, Leiden UniversityThe Netherlands
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30
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Einarsdottir E, Magnusdottir M, Astarita G, Köck M, Ögmundsdottir HM, Thorsteinsdottir M, Rapp HT, Omarsdottir S, Paglia G. Metabolic Profiling as a Screening Tool for Cytotoxic Compounds: Identification of 3-Alkyl Pyridine Alkaloids from Sponges Collected at a Shallow Water Hydrothermal Vent Site North of Iceland. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020052. [PMID: 28241423 PMCID: PMC5334632 DOI: 10.3390/md15020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-eight sponge specimens were collected at a shallow water hydrothermal vent site north of Iceland. Extracts were prepared and tested in vitro for cytotoxic activity, and eight of them were shown to be cytotoxic. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to determine the chemical composition of the extracts. This analysis highlighted clear differences in the metabolomes of three sponge specimens, and all of them were identified as Haliclona (Rhizoniera) rosea (Bowerbank, 1866). Therefore, these specimens were selected for further investigation. Haliclona rosea metabolomes contained a class of potential key compounds, the 3-alkyl pyridine alkaloids (3-APA) responsible for the cytotoxic activity of the fractions. Several 3-APA compounds were tentatively identified including haliclamines, cyclostellettamines, viscosalines and viscosamines. Among these compounds, cyclostellettamine P was tentatively identified for the first time by using ion mobility MS in time-aligned parallel (TAP) fragmentation mode. In this work, we show the potential of applying metabolomics strategies and in particular the utility of coupling ion mobility with MS for the molecular characterization of sponge specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eydis Einarsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík 107, Iceland.
| | | | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Matthias Köck
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven D-27570, Germany.
| | | | | | - Hans Tore Rapp
- Department of Biology and KG Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.
| | - Sesselja Omarsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík 107, Iceland.
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano 39100, Italy.
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31
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Ma HK, Pineda A, van der Wurff AWG, Raaijmakers C, Bezemer TM. Plant-Soil Feedback Effects on Growth, Defense and Susceptibility to a Soil-Borne Disease in a Cut Flower Crop: Species and Functional Group Effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2127. [PMID: 29312387 PMCID: PMC5742127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants can influence the soil they grow in, and via these changes in the soil they can positively or negatively influence other plants that grow later in this soil, a phenomenon called plant-soil feedback. A fascinating possibility is then to apply positive plant-soil feedback effects in sustainable agriculture to promote plant growth and resistance to pathogens. We grew the cut flower chrysanthemum (Dendranthema X grandiflora) in sterile soil inoculated with soil collected from a grassland that was subsequently conditioned by 37 plant species of three functional groups (grass, forb, legume), and compared it to growth in 100% sterile soil (control). We tested the performance of chrysanthemum by measuring plant growth, and defense (leaf chlorogenic acid concentration) and susceptibility to the oomycete pathogen Pythium ultimum. In presence of Pythium, belowground biomass of chrysanthemum declined but aboveground biomass was not affected compared to non-Pythium inoculated plants. We observed strong differences among species and among functional groups in their plant-soil feedback effects on chrysanthemum. Soil inocula that were conditioned by grasses produced higher chrysanthemum above- and belowground biomass and less leaf yellowness than inocula conditioned by legumes or forbs. Chrysanthemum had lower root/shoot ratios in response to Pythium in soil conditioned by forbs than by grasses. Leaf chlorogenic acid concentrations increased in presence of Pythium and correlated positively with chrysanthemum aboveground biomass. Although chlorogenic acid differed between soil inocula, it did not differ between functional groups. There was no relationship between the phylogenetic distance of the conditioning plant species to chrysanthemum and their plant-soil feedback effects on chrysanthemum. Our study provides novel evidence that plant-soil feedback effects can influence crop health, and shows that plant-soil feedbacks, plant disease susceptibility, and plant aboveground defense compounds are tightly linked. Moreover, we highlight the relevance of considering plant-soil feedbacks in sustainable horticulture, and the larger role of grasses compared to legumes or forbs in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Ma
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Hai-Kun Ma,
| | - Ana Pineda
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ciska Raaijmakers
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - T. M. Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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32
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Mouden S, Klinkhamer PGL, Choi YH, Leiss KA. Towards eco-friendly crop protection: natural deep eutectic solvents and defensive secondary metabolites. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:935-951. [PMID: 29167631 PMCID: PMC5674125 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With mounting concerns over health and environmental effects of pesticides, the search for environmentally acceptable substitutes has amplified. Plant secondary metabolites appear in the horizon as an attractive solution for green crop protection. This paper reviews the need for changes in the techniques and compounds that, until recently, have been the mainstay for dealing with pest insects. Here we describe and discuss main strategies for selecting plant-derived metabolites as candidates for sustainable agriculture. The second part surveys ten important insecticidal compounds, with special emphasis on those involved in human health. Many of these insecticidal metabolites, however, are crystalline solids with limited solubility which might potentially hamper commercial formulation. As such, we introduce the concept of natural deep eutectic solvents for enhancing solubility and stability of such compounds. The concept, principles and examples of green pest control discussed here offer a new suite of environmental-friendly tools designed to promote and adopt sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Mouden
- Research Group Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
- Research Group Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A. Leiss
- Research Group Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Differential transcriptome analysis of leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) provides comprehensive insights into the defense responses to Ectropis oblique attack using RNA-Seq. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:383-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mhlongo MI, Piater LA, Madala NE, Steenkamp PA, Dubery IA. Phenylpropanoid Defences in Nicotiana tabacum Cells: Overlapping Metabolomes Indicate Common Aspects to Priming Responses Induced by Lipopolysaccharides, Chitosan and Flagellin-22. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151350. [PMID: 26978774 PMCID: PMC4792386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved both constitutive and inducible defence strategies to cope with different biotic stimuli and stresses. Exposure of a plant to a challenging stress can lead to a primed state that allows it to launch a more rapid and stronger defence. Here we applied a metabolomic approach to study and compare the responses induced in Nicotiana tabacum cells by microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules, namely lipopolysaccharides (LPS), chitosan (CHT) and flagellin-22 (FLG22). Early response metabolites, extracted with methanol, were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Using multivariate statistical tools the metabolic profiles induced by these elicitors were analysed. In the metabolic fingerprint of these agents a total of 19 cinnamic acid derivatives conjugated to quinic acids (chlorogenic acids), shikimic acid, tyramine, polyamines or glucose were found as discriminant biomarkers. In addition, treatment with the phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MJ) and abscisic acid (ABA) resulted in differentially-induced phenylpropanoid pathway metabolites. The results indicate that the phenylpropanoid pathway is activated by these elicitors while hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are commonly associated with the metabolic response to the MAMPs, and that the activated responses are modulated by both SA and MJ, with ABA not playing a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Msizi I. Mhlongo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
- CSIR Biosciences, Natural Products and Agroprocessing Group, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pilon AC, Carnevale Neto F, Freire RT, Cardoso P, Carneiro RL, Da Silva Bolzani V, Castro-Gamboa I. Partial least squares model and design of experiments toward the analysis of the metabolome of Jatropha gossypifolia leaves: Extraction and chromatographic fingerprint optimization. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1023-30. [PMID: 26757030 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in metabolomic studies is how to extract and analyze an entire metabolome. So far, no single method was able to clearly complete this task in an efficient and reproducible way. In this work we proposed a sequential strategy for the extraction and chromatographic separation of metabolites from leaves Jatropha gossypifolia using a design of experiments and partial least square model. The effect of 14 different solvents on extraction process was evaluated and an optimized separation condition on liquid chromatography was estimated considering mobile phase composition and analysis time. The initial conditions of extraction using methanol and separation in 30 min between 5 and 100% water/methanol (1:1 v/v) with 0.1% of acetic acid, 20 μL sample volume, 3.0 mL min(-1) flow rate and 25°C column temperature led to 107 chromatographic peaks. After the optimization strategy using i-propanol/chloroform (1:1 v/v) for extraction, linear gradient elution of 60 min between 5 and 100% water/(acetonitrile/methanol 68:32 v/v with 0.1% of acetic acid), 30 μL sample volume, 2.0 mL min(-1) flow rate, and 30°C column temperature, we detected 140 chromatographic peaks, 30.84% more peaks compared to initial method. This is a reliable strategy using a limited number of experiments for metabolomics protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Cesar Pilon
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products - NuBBE, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products - NuBBE, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Freire
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products - NuBBE, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cardoso
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products - NuBBE, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- São Carlos Federal University - UFSCar - CCET - Department of Chemistry, Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan Da Silva Bolzani
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products - NuBBE, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ian Castro-Gamboa
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products - NuBBE, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Onkokesung N, Reichelt M, van Doorn A, Schuurink RC, Dicke M. Differential Costs of Two Distinct Resistance Mechanisms Induced by Different Herbivore Species in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:891-906. [PMID: 26603653 PMCID: PMC4734589 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to herbivory with the induction of resistance, mediated by distinct phytohormonal signaling pathways and their interactions. Phloem feeders are known to induce plant resistance via the salicylic acid pathway, whereas biting-chewing herbivores induce plant resistance mainly via the jasmonate pathway. Here, we show that a specialist caterpillar (biting-chewing herbivore) and a specialist aphid (phloem feeder) differentially induce resistance against Pieris brassicae caterpillars in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Caterpillar feeding induces resistance through the jasmonate signaling pathway that is associated with the induction of kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside, whereas aphid feeding induces resistance via a novel mechanism involving sinapoyl malate. The role of sinapoyl malate is confirmed through the use of a mutant compromised in the biosynthesis of this compound. Caterpillar-induced resistance is associated with a lower cost in terms of plant growth reduction than aphid-induced resistance. A strong constitutive resistance against P. brassicae caterpillars in combination with a strong growth attenuation in plants of a transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutant of WRKY70 (wrky70) suggest that the WRKY70 transcription factor, a regulator of downstream responses mediated by jasmonate-salicylic acid signaling cross talk, is involved in the negative regulation of caterpillar resistance and in the tradeoff between growth and defense. In conclusion, different mechanisms of herbivore-induced resistance come with different costs, and a functional WRKY70 transcription factor is required for the induction of low-cost resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.O., M.D.);Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany (M.R.);Keygene, 6708OW, Wageningen, The Netherlands (A.v.D.); andPlant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.v.D., R.C.S.)
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.O., M.D.);Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany (M.R.);Keygene, 6708OW, Wageningen, The Netherlands (A.v.D.); andPlant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.v.D., R.C.S.)
| | - Arjen van Doorn
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.O., M.D.);Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany (M.R.);Keygene, 6708OW, Wageningen, The Netherlands (A.v.D.); andPlant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.v.D., R.C.S.)
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.O., M.D.);Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany (M.R.);Keygene, 6708OW, Wageningen, The Netherlands (A.v.D.); andPlant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.v.D., R.C.S.)
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.O., M.D.);Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany (M.R.);Keygene, 6708OW, Wageningen, The Netherlands (A.v.D.); andPlant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.v.D., R.C.S.)
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Mhlongo MI, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Madala NE, Dubery IA. Profiling of Altered Metabolomic States in Nicotiana tabacum Cells Induced by Priming Agents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1527. [PMID: 27803705 PMCID: PMC5068090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has developed into a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant metabolism. Plant innate immune defenses can be activated and enhanced so that, subsequent to being pre-sensitized, plants are able to launch a stronger and faster defense response upon exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, a phenomenon known as priming. Here, three contrasting chemical activators, namely acibenzolar-S-methyl, azelaic acid and riboflavin, were used to induce a primed state in Nicotiana tabacum cells. Identified biomarkers were then compared to responses induced by three phytohormones-abscisic acid, methyljasmonate, and salicylic acid. Altered metabolomes were studied using a metabolite fingerprinting approach based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Multivariate data models indicated that these inducers cause time-dependent metabolic perturbations in the cultured cells and revealed biomarkers of which the levels are affected by these agents. A total of 34 metabolites were annotated from the mass spectral data and online databases. Venn diagrams were used to identify common biomarkers as well as those unique to a specific agent. Results implicate 20 cinnamic acid derivatives conjugated to (i) quinic acid (chlorogenic acids), (ii) tyramine, (iii) polyamines, or (iv) glucose as discriminatory biomarkers of priming in tobacco cells. Functional roles for most of these metabolites in plant defense responses could thus be proposed. Metabolites induced by the activators belong to the early phenylpropanoid pathway, which indicates that different stimuli can activate similar pathways but with different metabolite fingerprints. Possible linkages to phytohormone-dependent pathways at a metabolomic level were indicated in the case of cells treated with salicylic acid and methyljasmonate. The results contribute to a better understanding of the priming phenomenon and advance our knowledge of cinnamic acid derivatives as versatile defense metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Msizi I. Mhlongo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
- Natural Products and Agroprocessing Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research BiosciencesPretoria, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Ian A. Dubery
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Oroian M, Escriche I. Antioxidants: Characterization, natural sources, extraction and analysis. Food Res Int 2015; 74:10-36. [PMID: 28411973 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently many review papers regarding antioxidants from different sources and different extraction and quantification procedures have been published. However none of them has all the information regarding antioxidants (chemistry, sources, extraction and quantification). This article tries to take a different perspective on antioxidants for the new researcher involved in this field. Antioxidants from fruit, vegetables and beverages play an important role in human health, for example preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and lowering the incidence of different diseases. In this paper the main classes of antioxidants are presented: vitamins, carotenoids and polyphenols. Recently, many analytical methodologies involving diverse instrumental techniques have been developed for the extraction, separation, identification and quantification of these compounds. Antioxidants have been quantified by different researchers using one or more of these methods: in vivo, in vitro, electrochemical, chemiluminescent, electron spin resonance, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance, near infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania.
| | - Isabel Escriche
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Snart CJ, Hardy IC, Barrett DA. Entometabolomics: applications of modern analytical techniques to insect studies. ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA 2015; 155:1-17. [PMID: 27478203 PMCID: PMC4949644 DOI: 10.1111/eea.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic analyses can reveal associations between an organism's metabolome and further aspects of its phenotypic state, an attractive prospect for many life-sciences researchers. The metabolomic approach has been employed in some, but not many, insect study systems, starting in 1990 with the evaluation of the metabolic effects of parasitism on moth larvae. Metabolomics has now been applied to a variety of aspects of insect biology, including behaviour, infection, temperature stress responses, CO 2 sedation, and bacteria-insect symbiosis. From a technical and reporting standpoint, these studies have adopted a range of approaches utilising established experimental methodologies. Here, we review current literature and evaluate the metabolomic approaches typically utilised by entomologists. We suggest that improvements can be made in several areas, including sampling procedures, the reduction in sampling and equipment variation, the use of sample extracts, statistical analyses, confirmation, and metabolite identification. Overall, it is clear that metabolomics can identify correlations between phenotypic states and underlying cellular metabolism that previous, more targeted, approaches are incapable of measuring. The unique combination of untargeted global analyses with high-resolution quantitative analyses results in a tool with great potential for future entomological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J.P. Snart
- Centre for Analytical BioscienceSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park CampusNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Ian C.W. Hardy
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical BioscienceSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park CampusNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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40
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Larive CK, Barding GA, Dinges MM. NMR spectroscopy for metabolomics and metabolic profiling. Anal Chem 2014; 87:133-46. [PMID: 25375201 DOI: 10.1021/ac504075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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41
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Mahrous EA, Farag MA. Two dimensional NMR spectroscopic approaches for exploring plant metabolome: A review. J Adv Res 2014; 6:3-15. [PMID: 25685540 PMCID: PMC4293671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, most investigations of the plant metabolome tend to be based on either nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (MS), with or without hyphenation with chromatography. Although less sensitive than MS, NMR provides a powerful complementary technique for the identification and quantification of metabolites in plant extracts. NMR spectroscopy, well appreciated by phytochemists as a particularly information-rich method, showed recent paradigm shift for the improving of metabolome(s) structural and functional characterization and for advancing the understanding of many biological processes. Furthermore, two dimensional NMR (2D NMR) experiments and the use of chemometric data analysis of NMR spectra have proven highly effective at identifying novel and known metabolites that correlate with changes in genotype or phenotype. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of NMR in the field of metabolomics with special focus on 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and their applications in phytomedicines quality control analysis and drug discovery from natural sources, raising more attention at its potential to reduce the gap between the pace of natural products research and modern drug discovery demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Mahrous
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr el Aini st. P.B. 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr el Aini st. P.B. 11562, Egypt
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Paudel L, Wyzgoski FJ, Giusti MM, Johnson JL, Rinaldi PL, Scheerens JC, Chanon AM, Bomser JA, Miller AR, Hardy JK, Reese RN. NMR-based metabolomic investigation of bioactivity of chemical constituents in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) fruit extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1989-1998. [PMID: 24520932 DOI: 10.1021/jf404998k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) (BR) fruit extracts with differing compound profiles have shown variable antiproliferative activities against HT-29 colon cancer cell lines. This study used partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis to develop a high-resolution (1)H NMR-based multivariate statistical model for discerning the biological activity of BR constituents. This model identified specific bioactive compounds and ascertained their relative contribution against cancer cell proliferation. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-xylosylrutinoside were the predominant contributors to the extract bioactivity, but salicylic acid derivatives (e.g., salicylic acid glucosyl ester), quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin, methyl ellagic acid derivatives (e.g., methyl ellagic acetyl pentose), and citric acid derivatives also contributed significantly to the antiproliferative activity of the berry extracts. This approach enabled the identification of new bioactive components in BR fruits and demonstrates the utility of the method for assessing chemopreventive compounds in foods and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liladhar Paudel
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Leiss KA, Cristofori G, van Steenis R, Verpoorte R, Klinkhamer PGL. An eco-metabolomic study of host plant resistance to Western flower thrips in cultivated, biofortified and wild carrots. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 93:63-70. [PMID: 23583013 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Domestication of plants and selection for agronomic traits may reduce plant secondary defence metabolites relative to their ancestors. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an economically important vegetable. Recently, carrot was developed as a functional food with additional health-promoting functions. Biofortified carrots contain increased concentrations of chlorogenic acid as an antioxidant. Chlorogenic acid is involved in host plant resistance to Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), one of the key agri- and horticultural pests worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate quantitative host plant resistance to thrips in carrot and to identify candidate compounds for constitutive resistance. As such we explored whether cultivated carrot is more vulnerable to herbivore attack compared to wild carrot. We subjected a set of 14 biofortified, cultivated and wild carrot genotypes to thrips infestation. We compared morphological traits and leaf metabolic profiles of the three most resistant and susceptible carrots using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). In contrast to our expectation, wild carrots were not more resistant to thrips than cultivated ones. The most thrips resistant carrot was the cultivar Ingot which is known to be tolerant against carrot root fly (Psila rosae). Biofortified carrots were not resistant to thrips. Plant size, leaf area and number of leaf hairs did not differ between resistant and susceptible carrots. The metabolic profiles of the leaves of resistant carrots were significantly different from those of susceptible carrots. The leaves of resistant carrots contained higher amounts of the flavanoid luteolin, the phenylpropanoid sinapic acid and the amino acid β-alanine. The negative effect of these compounds on thrips was confirmed using in-vitro bioassays. Our results have potential implications for carrot breeders. The natural variation of metabolites present in cultivated carrots can be used for improvement of thrips resistance. This is especially promising in view of the candidate compounds we identified since they do not only confer a negative effect on thrips but as antioxidants also play an important role in the improvement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Leiss
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Metabolomics in plants and humans: applications in the prevention and diagnosis of diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:792527. [PMID: 23986911 PMCID: PMC3748395 DOI: 10.1155/2013/792527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, there has been an increase in the number of metabolomic approaches used, in parallel with proteomic and functional genomic studies. The wide variety of chemical types of metabolites available has also accelerated the use of different techniques in the investigation of the metabolome. At present, metabolomics is applied to investigate several human diseases, to improve their diagnosis and prevention, and to design better therapeutic strategies. In addition, metabolomic studies are also being carried out in areas such as toxicology and pharmacology, crop breeding, and plant biotechnology. In this review, we emphasize the use and application of metabolomics in human diseases and plant research to improve human health.
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Rivas-Ubach A, Pérez-Trujillo M, Sardans J, Gargallo-Garriga A, Parella T, Peñuelas J. Ecometabolomics: optimized NMR-based method. Methods Ecol Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Pérez-Trujillo
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès; Barcelona; 08193; Catalonia; Spain
| | | | | | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès; Barcelona; 08193; Catalonia; Spain
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Hantao LW, Aleme HG, Passador MM, Furtado EL, Ribeiro FADL, Poppi RJ, Augusto F. Determination of disease biomarkers in Eucalyptus by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and multivariate data analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1279:86-91. [PMID: 23394740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper is reported the use of the chromatographic profiles of volatiles to determine disease markers in plants - in this case, leaves of Eucalyptus globulus contaminated by the necrotroph fungus Teratosphaeria nubilosa. The volatile fraction was isolated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-fast quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS). For the correlation between the metabolic profile described by the chromatograms and the presence of the infection, unfolded-partial least squares discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA) with orthogonal signal correction (OSC) were employed. The proposed method was checked to be independent of factors such as the age of the harvested plants. The manipulation of the mathematical model obtained also resulted in graphic representations similar to real chromatograms, which allowed the tentative identification of more than 40 compounds potentially useful as disease biomarkers for this plant/pathogen pair. The proposed methodology can be considered as highly reliable, since the diagnosis is based on the whole chromatographic profile rather than in the detection of a single analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Wang Hantao
- Institute of Chemistry - University of Campinas (Unicamp), CP 6154, 13084-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Strategies in biomarker discovery. Peak annotation by MS and targeted LC-MS micro-fractionation for de novo structure identification by micro-NMR. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1055:267-89. [PMID: 23963917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-577-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In metabolomic studies the identification of biomarkers is a key step but represents a serious bottleneck since the de novo identification of natural products is a lengthy process. A strategy for the dereplication and peak annotation of plant biomarkers is presented based on high resolution mass spectra acquired on a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography and chemotaxonomy information. A rational approach for the targeted LC-MS micro-isolation of biomarkers followed by de novo identification by NMR at the microgram scale is described, based on gradient transfer from the analytical scale and chromatographic modelling. The methodology is illustrated by the identification of various stress biomarkers of the plant wound response using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model.
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48
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López-Gresa MP, Lisón P, Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R, Rodrigo I, Conejero V, Bellés JM. Metabolic fingerprinting of Tomato Mosaic Virus infected Solanum lycopersicum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1586-96. [PMID: 22795749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics has been applied to study the compatible interaction between tomato plants and Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV). A detailed time course of metabolic fingerprinting of ToMV-inoculated and non-inoculated systemically infected tomato leaves has provided a fundamental understanding of the metabolic state of the plant not only in response to ToMV infection, but also under various physiological conditions. By this analytical platform a total of 32 metabolites including amino/organic acids, sugars, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and other miscellaneous compounds were detected. Using multivariate data analysis, we have identified a subset of metabolites induced during the plant defence response and metabolites whose accumulation was dependent on the developmental stage, the position of the leaf on the stem, and the harvesting time. Specifically, a general time-dependent decrease in organic acids, amino acids (excluding asparagine), phenylpropanoids and rutin was observed in individual leaves. In addition, metabolite alterations were also found to correlate with the developmental stage of the leaf: high levels of organic acids, some amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids were found in lower leaves while elevated amounts of sugars were present in the upper ones. Moreover, a marked variation in the content of some metabolites was also observed to be associated to the asymptomatic ToMV infection both in inoculated and systemically infected leaves. While flavonoids accumulated in virus-inoculated leaves, increased levels of phenylpropanoids were observed in non-inoculated leaves where ToMV actively replicates. Finally, diurnal changes in the metabolite content were also observed: an increase of amino acids and organic acids (except glutamic acid) were observed in the samples collected in the morning, whereas sugars and secondary metabolite levels increased in the tomato leaves harvested in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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49
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Hong YS, Martinez A, Liger-Belair G, Jeandet P, Nuzillard JM, Cilindre C. Metabolomics reveals simultaneous influences of plant defence system and fungal growth in Botrytis cinerea-infected Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay berries. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5773-5785. [PMID: 22945941 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a fungal plant pathogen of grape berries, leading to economic and quality losses in wine production. The global metabolite changes induced by B. cinerea infection in grape have not been established to date, even though B. cinerea infection is known to cause significant changes in chemicals or metabolites. In order to better understand metabolic mechanisms linked to the infection process and to identify the metabolites associated with B. cinerea infection, (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used in global metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical analysis of berries from healthy and botrytized bunches. Pattern recognition methods, such as principal component analysis, revealed clear metabolic discriminations between healthy and botrytized berries of botrytized bunches and healthy berries of healthy bunches. Significantly high levels of proline, glutamate, arginine, and alanine, which are accumulated upon plant stress, were found in healthy and botrytized berries of botrytized bunches. Moreover, largely degraded phenylpropanoids, flavonoid compounds, and sucrose together with markedly produced glycerol, gluconic acid, and succinate, all being directly associated with B. cinerea growth, were only found in botrytized berries of botrytized bunches. This study reports that B. cinerea infection causes significant metabolic changes in grape berry and highlights that both the metabolic perturbations associated with the plant defence system and those directly derived from fungal pathogen growth should be considered to better understand the interaction between metabolic variation and biotic pathogen stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Shick Hong
- Laboratoire d'Oenologie et Chimie Appliquée, URVVC UPRES EA 4707, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne: BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
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50
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Aliferis KA, Jabaji S. FT-ICR/MS and GC-EI/MS metabolomics networking unravels global potato sprout's responses to Rhizoctonia solani infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42576. [PMID: 22880040 PMCID: PMC3411821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of plant-pathogen interactions makes their dissection a challenging task for metabolomics studies. Here we are reporting on an integrated metabolomics networking approach combining gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance/mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) and bioinformatics analyses for the study of interactions in the potato sprout-Rhizoctonia solani pathosystem and the fluctuations in the global metabolome of sprouts. The developed bioanalytical and bioinformatics protocols provided a snapshot of the sprout's global metabolic network and its perturbations as a result of pathogen invasion. Mevalonic acid and deoxy-xylulose pathways were substantially up-regulated leading to the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene alkaloids such as the phytoalexins phytuberin, rishitin, and solavetivone, and steroidal alkaloids having solasodine and solanidine as their common aglycons. Additionally, the perturbation of the sprout's metabolism was depicted in fluctuations of the content of their amino acids pool and that of carboxylic and fatty acids. Components of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and hypersensitive reaction (HR) such as azelaic and oxalic acids were detected in increased levels in infected sprouts and strategies of the pathogen to overcome plant defense were proposed. Our metabolic approach has not only greatly expanded the multitude of metabolites previously reported in potato in response to pathogen invasion, but also enabled the identification of bioactive plant-derived metabolites providing valuable information that could be exploited in biotechnology, biomarker-assisted plant breeding, and crop protection for the development of new crop protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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