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Barnett MJ, Patel G, Lekprasert P, Win K, Casipit C, Syed O. When Thirst Ceases to Exist: A Case Report and Literature Review of Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus Following Coil Embolization of a Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm. Cureus 2024; 16:e64207. [PMID: 38993626 PMCID: PMC11239235 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by inappropriately dilute urine in the setting of serum hyperosmolality. The two predominant subtypes include central (from lack of vasopressin production) and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (from renal resistance to circulating vasopressin). A common manifestation is the significant pursuant thirst from excessive polyuria. We present a case report and literature review of an infrequent variation of central diabetes insipidus known as adipsic (hypothalamic) diabetes insipidus, characterized by the absence of thirst, secondary to coiling of a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Due to the loss of thirst, patients are at a heightened risk for hypernatremia and complications secondary to dehydration. Our patient's course was complicated by recurrent polyuria and hypernatremia, requiring a fixed-dose desmopressin regimen. On follow-up, only partial thirst sensation was restored. We provide a literature review to compare our case report to the scant literature available to broaden the awareness of this infrequent, perilous, manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim J Barnett
- Internal Medicine, Jefferson Einstein Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Goonja Patel
- Endocrinology, Jefferson Einstein Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Kay Win
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jefferson Einstein Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carlo Casipit
- Internal Medicine, Jefferson Einstein Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Osama Syed
- Radiology, Jefferson Einstein Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
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Ota M, Sato T, Nakano S, Yamazaki F, Ishii T, Hasegawa T. Potential indication of chemotherapy for hypodipsia and arginine vasopressin deficiency secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report and literature review. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 33:157-162. [PMID: 38993713 PMCID: PMC11234190 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2024-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (HP-LCH) is often associated with arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVD). Patients with AVD caused by HP-LCH rarely develop an impaired osmotic threshold for thirst (OTT). Improvement in OTT among such patients has not been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, here we report the first case of AVD due to HP-LCH in which hypodipsia resolved during chemotherapy. A nine-year-old Japanese girl presented with polydipsia, polyuria, anorexia, and hypernatremia (149.8 mEq/L) and was diagnosed with AVD secondary to HP-LCH. Visual analog scale examination showed a reduced OTT following the water deprivation test. During chemotherapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), serum sodium concentrations became stable between 138.9 and 142.9 mEq/L under the replacement of desmopressin. Repeated visual analog scale examinations showed that she experienced a sense of thirst at a serum sodium concentration of 142.3-144.6 mEq/L, at which she did not experience any thirst prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. These data suggest that chemotherapy directly improved the OTT in our patient. Improved mechanical compression or infiltration of the hypothalamus related to OTT may lead to the recovery of the sense of thirst. This report highlights the potential role of chemotherapy for solitary HP-LCH in patients with hypodipsia and AVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ota
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumito Yamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomkins M, Lawless S, Martin-Grace J, Sherlock M, Thompson CJ. Diagnosis and Management of Central Diabetes Insipidus in Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2701-2715. [PMID: 35771962 PMCID: PMC9516129 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a clinical syndrome which results from loss or impaired function of vasopressinergic neurons in the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary, resulting in impaired synthesis and/or secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP deficiency leads to the inability to concentrate urine and excessive renal water losses, resulting in a clinical syndrome of hypotonic polyuria with compensatory thirst. CDI is caused by diverse etiologies, although it typically develops due to neoplastic, traumatic, or autoimmune destruction of AVP-synthesizing/secreting neurons. This review focuses on the diagnosis and management of CDI, providing insights into the physiological disturbances underpinning the syndrome. Recent developments in diagnostic techniques, particularly the development of the copeptin assay, have improved accuracy and acceptability of the diagnostic approach to the hypotonic polyuria syndrome. We discuss the management of CDI with particular emphasis on management of fluid intake and pharmacological replacement of AVP. Specific clinical syndromes such as adipsic diabetes insipidus and diabetes insipidus in pregnancy as well as management of the perioperative patient with diabetes insipidus are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tomkins
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Lawless
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Martin-Grace
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Sherlock
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris J Thompson
- Correspondence: Chris Thompson, Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Bereket A. Postoperative and Long-Term Endocrinologic Complications of Craniopharyngioma. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 93:497-509. [PMID: 33794526 DOI: 10.1159/000515347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniopharyngioma (CP), despite being a malformational tumor of low histological grade, causes considerable morbidity and mortality mostly due to hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction that is created by tumor itself or its treatment. SUMMARY Fluid-electrolyte disturbances which range from dehydration to fluid overload and from hypernatremia to hyponatremia are frequently encountered during the acute postoperative period and should be carefully managed to avoid permanent neurological sequelae. Hypopituitarism, increased cardiovascular risk, hypothalamic damage, hypothalamic obesity, visual and neurological deficits, and impaired bone health and cognitive function are the morbidities affecting the well-being of these patients in the long term. Key Messages: Timely and optimal treatment of early postoperative and long-term complications of CP is crucial for preserving quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bereket
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Adipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) is a rare but devastating disorder of water balance with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Most patients develop the disease as a result of hypothalamic destruction from a variety of underlying etiologies. Damage to osmolar-responsive neuroreceptors, primarily within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, results in impaired production and release of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Important regulating circuits of thirst sense and drive are regionally colocalized with AVP centers and therefore are also injured. Patients with central diabetes insipidus with impaired thirst response, defined as ADI, suffer from wide swings of plasma osmolality resulting in repeated hospitalization, numerous associated comorbidities, and significant mortality. Treatment recommendations are based largely on expert advice from case series owing to the rarity of disease prevalence. Acute disease management focuses on fixed dosing of antidiuretic hormone analogues and calculated prescriptions of obligate daily water intake. Long-term care requires patient/family education, frequent reassessment of clinical and biochemical parameters, as well as screening and treatment of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallari Kothari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zulma Cardona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuval Eisenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Matias A, Dudar M, Kauzlaric J, Frederick KA, Fitzpatrick S, Ives SJ. Rehydrating efficacy of maple water after exercise-induced dehydration. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:5. [PMID: 30744654 PMCID: PMC6371469 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration impairs physiological function and physical performance, thus understanding effective rehydration strategies is paramount. Despite growing interest in natural rehydrating beverages, no study has examined maple water (MW). PURPOSE To investigate the rehydrating efficacy of MW after exercise-induced dehydration. METHODS Using a single-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, we compared the rehydrating efficacy of MW vs. maple-flavored bottled water (control) in 26 young healthy (22 ± 4 yrs., 24 ± 4 kg/m2) males (n = 13) and females (n = 13) after exercise-induced dehydration (~ 2.0%ΔBody Weight [BW]) in the heat (30 °C, 50% relative humidity [RH]). Hydration indicators (BW, salivary and urine osmolality [SOsm/UOsm], urine specific gravity [USG], urine volume [UV], urine color [UC]), thirst, fatigue, and recovery (heart rate [HR)], and HR variability [HRV]) were taken at baseline, post-exercise, 0.5, 1, and 2 h post-consumption of 1 L of MW or control. RESULTS Following similar dehydration (~ 2%ΔBW), MW had no differential (p > 0.05) impact on any measure of rehydration. Likely due to greater beverage osmolality (81 ± 1.4 vs. 11 ± 0.7 mOsmol/kg), thirst sensation remained 12% higher with MW (p < 0.05). When sex was considered, females had lower UV, elevated UOsm (p < 0.05), trends for higher ΔBW, USG, but similar SOsm. Analysis of beverages and urine for antioxidant potential (AP) revealed a four-fold greater AP in MW, which increased peak urine AP (9.4 ± 0.7 vs. 7.6 ± 1.0 mmol, MW vs. control, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Electrolyte-containing MW, was similar in effectiveness to water, but has antioxidant properties. Furthermore, trends for sex differences were discovered in urinary, but not salivary, hydration markers, with discrepancies in kinetics between fluid compartments both warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexs Matias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Monique Dudar
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen J Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA.
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Pérez MA, Millán HA, Naranjo JA, Flórez Romero A. Adipsic diabetes insipidus secondary to craniopharyngioma resection. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/1/e225903. [PMID: 30709829 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipsic diabetes insipidus is an infrequent disease which may be associated with craniopharyngioma. It may be secondary to the tumour's extension, as well as to resection of the mass. We present the case of a 24-year-old woman with a history of delayed puberty and hypothyroidism, but no prior study reports. She consulted due to a headache with warning signs associated with altered visual acuity. Brain MRI was performed which showed signs of a non-adenomatous lesion with suprasellar and hypothalamic extension. Following transcranial surgery, she developed diabetes insipidus criteria, with absence of thirst documented during the hospitalisation. The histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. The patient was treated with desmopressin and received recommendations regarding rehydration according to the quantification of losses, with electrolyte stabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Pérez
- Internal Medicine, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Bogotá, Colombia.,Internal medicine, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Bogotá, Colombia
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Dalan R, Chin H, Hoe J, Chen A, Tan H, Boehm BO, Chua KS. Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus-The Challenging Combination of Polyuria and Adipsia: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:630. [PMID: 31620086 PMCID: PMC6759785 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus is a rare hypothalamic disorder characterized by a loss of thirst in response to hypernatraemia accompanied by diabetes insipidus. These occur secondary to a congregation of defects in the homeostatic mechanisms of water balance. A 27-year old Chinese female presented with Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus after cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery. Initial diagnosis and management was extremely challenging. Long term management required a careful interplay between low dose vasopressin analog treatment and fluids. Detailed charts of medication and sodium balance are described in the case presentation. We performed a literature search of similarly reported cases and describe the possible pathogenesis, etiology, clinical presentation, acute and chronic management, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Metabolic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Rinkoo Dalan
| | - Hanxin Chin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Hoe
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abel Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huiling Tan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard Otto Boehm
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Metabolic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen SuiGeok Chua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) is a very rare disorder, characterized by hypotonic polyuria due to arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency and failure to generate the sensation of thirst in response to hypernatraemia. As the sensation of thirst is the key homeostatic mechanism that prevents hypernatraemic dehydration in patients with untreated diabetes insipidus (DI), adipsia leads to failure to respond to aquaresis with appropriate fluid intake. This predisposes to the development of significant hypernatraemia, which is the typical biochemical manifestation of adipsic DI. METHODS A literature search was performed to review the background, etiology, management and associated complications of this rare condition. RESULTS ADI has been reported to occur in association with clipping of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm following subarachnoid haemorrhage, major hypothalamic surgery, traumatic brain injury and toluene exposure among other conditions. Management is very difficult and patients are prone to marked changes in plasma sodium concentration, in particular to the development of severe hypernatraemia. Associated hypothalamic disorders, such as severe obesity, sleep apnoea and thermoregulatory disorders are often observed in patients with ADI. CONCLUSION The management of ADI is challenging and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prognosis is variable; hypothalamic complications lead to early death in some patients, but recent reports highlight the possibility of recovery of thirst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Cuesta
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Co., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark J Hannon
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Co., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Thompson
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Co., Dublin, Ireland.
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Cuesta M, Gupta S, Salehmohamed R, Dineen R, Hannon MJ, Tormey W, Thompson CJ. Heterogenous patterns of recovery of thirst in adult patients with adipsic diabetes insipidus. QJM 2016; 109:303-8. [PMID: 26408571 PMCID: PMC4888324 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of adipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) is not well described, and reports of recovery of thirst are rare. DESIGN AND METHODS Case histories presentation. ADI was identified by demonstrating absent thirst and arginine vasopressin (AVP) responses to hypertonic saline infusion. RESULTS Twelve patients with ADI were identified (craniopharyngioma 5, anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACOM) repair 4, congenital 1, neurosarcoidosis 1, prolactinoma 1). Three patients died. Six patients had permanent ADI. Three patients had recovery of thirst, with a heterogenous pattern of recovery. In the first case, ADI had developed after clipping of an ACOM aneurysm. Ten years after surgery; he sensed the return of thirst; repeated hypertonic saline infusion showed recovery of thirst and AVP secretion. In the second case, a 41-year-old female with an intrasellar craniopharyngioma developed post-operative ADI with persistent hypernatremia. Two years post-operatively, she complained of thirst, and hypertonic saline infusion showed normalization of thirst but absent AVP responses, confirming recovery of thirst, but with persistent diabetes insipidus (DI). In the third case, a 29-year-old Caucasian had craniotomy and radiotherapy for craniopharyngioma and developed ADI post-operatively. Eight years post-op, she presented with thirst, seizures and pNa of 112 mmol/l. Hypertonic saline infusion showed persistent DI but thirst responses typical of compulsive water drinking; she has had recurrent hyponatraemia since then. CONCLUSIONS We report that 3/12 patients with ADI recovered thirst after longstanding adipsia with heterogenous pattern of recovery. Both the mortality of 25% and the recovery rate of 25% should be considered when planning long-term surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cuesta
- From the Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland and
| | - S Gupta
- From the Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland and
| | - R Salehmohamed
- From the Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland and
| | - R Dineen
- From the Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland and
| | - M J Hannon
- From the Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland and
| | - W Tormey
- Academic Department of Chemical Pathology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C J Thompson
- From the Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland and
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Edate S, Albanese A. Management of electrolyte and fluid disorders after brain surgery for pituitary/suprasellar tumours. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 83:293-301. [PMID: 25677941 DOI: 10.1159/000370065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in salt and water balances are relatively common in children after brain surgeries for suprasellar and pituitary tumours, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Although hypernatraemia associated with central diabetes insipidus is commonly encountered, it is hyponatraemia (HN) that poses more of a diagnostic dilemma. The main differential diagnoses causing HN are the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, marked by inappropriate retention of water, and cerebral salt wasting, characterized by polyuria and natriuresis. Diagnosis and management can be even more difficult when these conditions precede or coexist with each other. These diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Edate
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, St. George's Hospital, London, UK
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present symptoms, complications and proposition of management protocol in children diagnosed with adipsic diabetes insipidus (aDI). METHODS Clinical and biochemical analysis of six pediatric patients diagnosed with aDI, four boys aged 5, 13, 16, and 17 y and two girls aged 2.5 and 10 y. The etiology of aDI was germinoma (n = 2), extensive surgery due to optic glioma (n = 1) and astrocytoma (n = 1), congenital brain malformations (n = 1) and complications secondary to bacterial meningitis (n = 1). Two patients had severely impaired vision and two had hemiparesis. RESULTS In all the patients, loss of thirst reflex was observed. The serum electrolytes in all patients showed sodium concentration from 159 to 176.6 mmol/L with plasma osmolality from above 297 mOsmol/kg. Polyuria was absent in three most severely dehydrated patients on admission. In two patients in whom DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin; Desmopressin) therapy was withdrawn based on lack of polyuria deep venous thrombosis developed. CONCLUSIONS Lack of polydipsia and polyuria, the key symptoms of diabetes insipidus (DI), may delay the diagnosis of aDI and may lead to severe complications of chronic hyperosmolar status. The fluid intake in patients diagnosed with aDI need to be supervised daily based on calculated constant volume of oral fluids, daily measurements of fluid balance, body weight and sodium levels, especially in patients whose vision is compromised or who are physically unable to take care of themselves.
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Lamas C, del Pozo C, Villabona C. Clinical guidelines for management of diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion after pituitary surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 61:e15-24. [PMID: 24588923 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Changes in water metabolism and regulation of vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are common complications of pituitary surgery. The scarcity of studies comparing different treatment and monitoring strategies for these disorders and the lack of prior clinical guidelines makes it difficult to provide recommendations following a methodology based on grades of evidence. This study reviews the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus and inappropriate ADH secretion after pituitary surgery, and is intended to serve as a guide for their diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lamas
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España.
| | - Carlos del Pozo
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, España
| | - Carles Villabona
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L' Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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Millard-Stafford M, Wendland DM, O'Dea NK, Norman TL. Thirst and hydration status in everyday life. Nutr Rev 2013; 70 Suppl 2:S147-51. [PMID: 23121351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is an essential nutrient for all persons; thus, maintaining a chronic state of optimal hydration is recognized to provide health benefits. Fluid balance is maintained via thirst, a feedback-controlled variable, regulated acutely by central and peripheral mechanisms. However, voluntary drinking is also a behavior influenced by numerous social and psychological cues. Therefore, whether "thirst-guided" drinking maintains optimal hydration status is a multifactorial issue. Thirst perception is typically assessed by subjective ratings using either categorical or visual analog scales; however, which instrument yields greater sensitivity to change in hydration status has not been examined. Ratings of thirst perception do not always yield predictable patterns of voluntary drinking following dehydration; therefore, perceived thirst and ad libitum drinking are not equivalent measures of human thirst. The recommendation "drink to thirst" is frequently given to healthy individuals during daily life. However, factors and conditions (e.g., age, disease) that influence thirst should be recognized and probed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Millard-Stafford
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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