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Williams J, Regedanz E, Lucinda N, Nava Fereira AR, Lacatus G, Berger M, O’Connell N, Coursey T, Ruan J, Bisaro DM, Sunter G. Mutation of the conserved late element in geminivirus CP promoters abolishes Arabidopsis TCP24 transcription factor binding and decreases H3K27me3 levels on viral chromatin. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012399. [PMID: 39024402 PMCID: PMC11288445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In geminiviruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus, coat protein (CP) expression depends on viral AL2 protein, which derepresses and activates the CP promoter through sequence elements that lie within the viral intergenic region (IR). However, AL2 does not exhibit sequence-specific DNA binding activity but is instead directed to responsive promoters through interactions with host factors, most likely transcriptional activators and/or repressors. In this study, we describe a repressive plant-specific transcription factor, Arabidopsis thaliana TCP24 (AtTCP24), that interacts with AL2 and recognizes a class II TCP binding site in the CP promoter (GTGGTCCC). This motif corresponds to the previously identified conserved late element (CLE). We also report that histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), an epigenetic mark associated with facultative repression, is enriched over the viral IR. H3K27me3 is deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), a critical regulator of gene expression and development in plants and animals. Remarkably, mutation of the TCP24 binding site (the CLE) in tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) and cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) CP promoters greatly diminishes H3K27me3 levels on viral chromatin and causes a dramatic delay and attenuation of disease symptoms in infected Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Symptom remission is accompanied by decreased viral DNA levels in systemically infected tissue. Nevertheless, in transient replication assays CLE mutation delays but does not limit the accumulation of viral double-stranded DNA, although single-stranded DNA and CP mRNA levels are decreased. These findings suggest that TCP24 binding to the CLE leads to CP promoter repression and H3K27me3 deposition, while TCP24-AL2 interaction may recruit AL2 to derepress and activate the promoter. Thus, a repressive host transcription factor may be repurposed to target a viral factor essential for promoter activity. The presence of the CLE in many begomoviruses suggests a common scheme for late promoter regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Williams
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Regedanz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Center for RNA Biology, and Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Natalia Lucinda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alba Ruth Nava Fereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Lacatus
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary Berger
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nels O’Connell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Center for RNA Biology, and Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tami Coursey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Center for RNA Biology, and Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Ruan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - David M. Bisaro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Center for RNA Biology, and Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Garry Sunter
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
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2
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Sun Y, Liu C, Liu Z, Zhao T, Jiang J, Li J, Xu X, Yang H. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of the JAZ Gene Family in Resistance to Gray Leaf Spots in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189974. [PMID: 34576142 PMCID: PMC8469637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant disease resistance system involves a very complex regulatory network in which jasmonates play a key role in response to external biotic or abiotic stresses. As inhibitors of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, JASMONATE ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins have been identified in many plant species, and their functions are gradually being clarified. In this study, 26 JAZ genes were identified in tomato. The physical and chemical properties, predicted subcellular localization, gene structure, cis-acting elements, and interspecies collinearity of 26 SlJAZ genes were subsequently analyzed. RNA-seq data combined with qRT-PCR analysis data showed that the expression of most SlJAZ genes were induced in response to Stemphylium lycopersici, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). Tobacco rattle virus RNA2-based VIGS vector (TRV2)-SlJAZ25 plants were more resistant to tomato gray leaf spots than TRV2-00 plants. Therefore, we speculated that SlJAZ25 played a negative regulatory role in tomato resistance to gray leaf spots. Based on combining the results of previous studies and those of our experiments, we speculated that SlJAZ25 might be closely related to JA and SA hormone regulation. SlJAZ25 interacted with SlJAR1, SlCOI1, SlMYC2, and other resistance-related genes to form a regulatory network, and these genes played an important role in the regulation of tomato gray leaf spots. The subcellular localization results showed that the SlJAZ25 gene was located in the nucleus. Overall, this study is the first to identify and analyze JAZ family genes in tomato via bioinformatics approaches, clarifying the regulatory role of SlJAZ25 genes in tomato resistance to gray leaf spots and providing new ideas for improving plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangyang Xu
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-55190748 (H.Y.)
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-55190748 (H.Y.)
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3
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Gupta N, Reddy K, Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborty✉ S. Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity. Virol J 2021; 18:143. [PMID: 34243802 PMCID: PMC8268416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminiviruses are circular, single-stranded viruses responsible for enormous crop loss worldwide. Rapid expansion of geminivirus diversity outweighs the continuous effort to control its spread. Geminiviruses channelize the host cell machinery in their favour by manipulating the gene expression, cell signalling, protein turnover, and metabolic reprogramming of plants. As a response to viral infection, plants have evolved to deploy various strategies to subvert the virus invasion and reinstate cellular homeostasis. MAIN BODY Numerous reports exploring various aspects of plant-geminivirus interaction portray the subtlety and flexibility of the host-pathogen dynamics. To leverage this pool of knowledge towards raising antiviral resistance in host plants, a comprehensive account of plant's defence response against geminiviruses is required. This review discusses the current knowledge of plant's antiviral responses exerted to geminivirus in the light of resistance mechanisms and the innate genetic factors contributing to the defence. We have revisited the defence pathways involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing, ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway, protein kinase signalling cascades, autophagy, and hypersensitive responses. In addition, geminivirus-induced phytohormonal fluctuations, the subsequent alterations in primary and secondary metabolites, and their impact on pathogenesis along with the recent advancements of CRISPR-Cas9 technique in generating the geminivirus resistance in plants have been discussed. CONCLUSIONS Considering the rapid development in the field of plant-virus interaction, this review provides a timely and comprehensive account of molecular nuances that define the course of geminivirus infection and can be exploited in generating virus-resistant plants to control global agricultural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Kishorekumar Reddy
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Dhriti Bhattacharyya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty✉
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Veluthambi K, Sunitha S. Targets and Mechanisms of Geminivirus Silencing Suppressor Protein AC2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645419. [PMID: 33897657 PMCID: PMC8062710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are plant DNA viruses that infect a wide range of plant species and cause significant losses to economically important food and fiber crops. The single-stranded geminiviral genome encodes a small number of proteins which act in an orchestrated manner to infect the host. The fewer proteins encoded by the virus are multifunctional, a mechanism uniquely evolved by the viruses to balance the genome-constraint. The host-mediated resistance against incoming virus includes post-transcriptional gene silencing, transcriptional gene silencing, and expression of defense responsive genes and other cellular regulatory genes. The pathogenicity property of a geminiviral protein is linked to its ability to suppress the host-mediated defense mechanism. This review discusses what is currently known about the targets and mechanism of the viral suppressor AC2/AL2/transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) and explore the biotechnological applications of AC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppannan Veluthambi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Sukumaran Sunitha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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5
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Transcriptome analysis of yellow passion fruit in response to cucumber mosaic virus infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247127. [PMID: 33626083 PMCID: PMC7904197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation and production of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) are severely affected by viral disease. Yet there have been few studies of the molecular response of passion fruit to virus attack. In the present study, RNA-based transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) was used to identify the gene expression profiles in yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) leaves following inoculation with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Six RNA-seq libraries were constructed comprising a total of 42.23 Gb clean data. 1,545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained (701 upregulated and 884 downregulated). Gene annotation analyses revealed that genes associated with plant hormone signal transduction, transcription factors, protein ubiquitination, detoxification, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism were significantly affected by CMV infection. The represented genes activated by CMV infection corresponded to transcription factors WRKY family, NAC family, protein ubiquitination and peroxidase. Several DEGs encoding protein TIFY, pathogenesis-related proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases also were upregualted by CMV infection. Overall, the information obtained in this study enriched the resources available for research into the molecular-genetic mechanisms of the passion fruit/CMV interaction, and might provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of passion fruit viral disease in the field.
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6
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Zhu Y, Luo X, Liu X, Wu W, Cui X, He Y, Huang J. Arabidopsis PEAPODs function with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 to regulate lateral organ growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:812-831. [PMID: 31099089 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, lateral organs are usually of determinate growth. It remains largely elusive how the determinate growth is achieved and maintained. Previous reports have shown that Arabidopsis PEAPOD (PPD) proteins suppress proliferation of dispersed meristematic cells partly through a TOPLESS corepressor complex. Here, we identified a new PPD-interacting partner, LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1), using the yeast two-hybrid system, and their interaction is mediated by the chromo shadow domain and the Jas domain in LHP1 and PPD2, respectively. Our genetic data demonstrate that the phenotype of ppd2 lhp1 is more similar to lhp1 than to ppd2, indicating epistasis of lhp1 to ppd2. Microarray analysis reveals that PPD2 and LHP1 can regulate expression of a common set of genes directly or indirectly. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation results confirm that PPD2 and LHP1 are coenriched at the promoter region of their targets such as D3-TYPE CYCLINS and HIGH MOBILITY GROUP A, which are upregulated in ppd2, lhp1 and ppd2 lhp1 mutants, and that PPDs mediate repressive histone 3 lysine-27 trimethylation at these loci. Taken together, our data provide evidence that PPD and LHP1 form a corepressor complex that regulates lateral organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Xuxin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences,, Shanghai Normal University,, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuehui He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences,, Shanghai Normal University,, Shanghai, 200234, China
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7
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Kumar RV. Plant Antiviral Immunity Against Geminiviruses and Viral Counter-Defense for Survival. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1460. [PMID: 31297106 PMCID: PMC6607972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Geminiviridae includes plant-infecting viruses whose genomes are composed of one or two circular non-enveloped ssDNAs(+) of about 2.5-5.2 kb each in size. These insect-transmissible geminiviruses cause significant crop losses across continents and pose a serious threat to food security. Under the control of promoters generally located within the intergenic region, their genomes encode five to eight ORFs from overlapping viral transcripts. Most proteins encoded by geminiviruses perform multiple functions, such as suppressing defense responses, hijacking ubiquitin-proteasomal pathways, altering hormonal responses, manipulating cell cycle regulation, and exploiting protein-signaling cascades. Geminiviruses establish complex but coordinated interactions with several host elements to spread and facilitate successful infection cycles. Consequently, plants have evolved several multilayered defense strategies against geminivirus infection and distribution. Recent studies on the evasion of host-mediated resistance factors by various geminivirus proteins through novel mechanisms have provided new insights into the development of antiviral strategies against geminiviruses. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning virus movement within and between cells, as well as the recent advances in our understanding of the biological roles of virus-encoded proteins in manipulating host-mediated responses and insect transmission. This review also highlights unexplored areas that may increase our understanding of the biology of geminiviruses and how to combat these important plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Vinoth Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
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8
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Ma K, Sun L, Cheng T, Pan H, Wang J, Zhang Q. Epigenetic Variance, Performing Cooperative Structure with Genetics, Is Associated with Leaf Shape Traits in Widely Distributed Populations of Ornamental Tree Prunus mume. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:41. [PMID: 29441078 PMCID: PMC5797549 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that epigenetics plays an important role in phenotypic variance. However, little is known about epigenetic variation in the important ornamental tree Prunus mume. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) techniques, and association analysis and sequencing to investigate epigenetic variation and its relationships with genetic variance, environment factors, and traits. By performing leaf sampling, the relative total methylation level (29.80%) was detected in 96 accessions of P. mume. And the relative hemi-methylation level (15.77%) was higher than the relative full methylation level (14.03%). The epigenetic diversity (I∗ = 0.575, h∗ = 0.393) was higher than the genetic diversity (I = 0.484, h = 0.319). The cultivated population displayed greater epigenetic diversity than the wild populations in both southwest and southeast China. We found that epigenetic variance and genetic variance, and environmental factors performed cooperative structures, respectively. In particular, leaf length, width and area were positively correlated with relative full methylation level and total methylation level, indicating that the DNA methylation level played a role in trait variation. In total, 203 AFLP and 423 MSAP associated markers were detected and 68 of them were sequenced. Homologous analysis and functional prediction suggested that the candidate marker-linked genes were essential for leaf morphology development and metabolism, implying that these markers play critical roles in the establishment of leaf length, width, area, and ratio of length to width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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9
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Liu Z, Li X, Sun F, Zhou T, Zhou Y. Overexpression of OsCIPK30 Enhances Plant Tolerance to Rice stripe virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2322. [PMID: 29225594 PMCID: PMC5705616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes a severe disease in Oryza sativa (rice) in many Eastern Asian countries. The NS3 protein of RSV is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing, but plant host factors interacting with NS3 have not been reported yet. Here, we present evidence that expression of RSV NS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana causes developmental abnormalities. Through yeast two-hybrid screening and a luciferase complementation imaging assay, we demonstrate that RSV NS3 interacted with OsCIPK30, a CBL (calcineurin B-like proteins)-interaction protein kinase protein. Furthermore, OsCIPK30 was overexpressed to investigate the function of OsCIPK30 in rice. Our investigation showed that overexpression of OsCIPK30 in rice could delay the RSV symptoms and show milder RSV symptoms. In addition, the expression of pathogenesis-related genes was increased in OsCIPK30 transgenic rice. These results suggest that overexpression of OsCIPK30 positively regulates pathogenesis-related genes to enhance the tolerance to RSV in rice. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Nanjing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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10
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Sáez C, Esteras C, Martínez C, Ferriol M, Dhillon NPS, López C, Picó B. Resistance to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in melon is controlled by a major QTL located in chromosome 11. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1571-1584. [PMID: 28710536 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Identification of three genomic regions and underlying candidate genes controlling the high level of resistance to ToLCNDV derived from a wild melon. SNP markers appropriated for MAS management of resistance. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus that severely affects melon crop (Cucumis melo) in the main production areas of Spain since 2012. In this work, we evaluated the degree of resistance of four accessions (two belonging to the subsp. agrestis var. momordica and two to the wild agrestis group) and their corresponding hybrids with a susceptible commercial melon belonging to the subsp. melo (Piel de Sapo, PS). The analysis using quantitative PCR (qPCR) allowed us to select one wild agrestis genotype (WM-7) with a high level of resistance and use it to construct segregating populations (F 2 and backcrosses). These populations were phenotyped for symptom severity and virus content using qPCR, and genotyped with different sets of SNP markers. Phenotyping and genotyping results in the F 2 and BC1s populations derived from the WM-7 × PS cross were used for QTL analysis. Three genomic regions controlling resistance to ToLCNDV were found, one major locus in chromosome 11 and two additional regions in chromosomes 12 and 2. The highest level of resistance (no or mild symptoms and very low viral titer) was obtained with the homozygous WM-7WM-7 genotype at the major QTL in chromosome 11, even with PSPS genotypes at the other two loci. The resistance derived from WM-7 is useful to develop new melon cultivars and the linked SNPs selected in this paper will be highly useful in marker-assisted breeding for ToLCNDV resistance in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteras
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Ferriol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narinder P S Dhillon
- World Vegetable Center East and Southeast Asia/Oceania, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Carmelo López
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Deuschle K, Kepp G, Jeske H. Differential methylation of the circular DNA in geminiviral minichromosomes. Virology 2016; 499:243-258. [PMID: 27716464 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Geminiviral minichromosomes were purified to explore epigenetic modifications. The levels of methylation in their covalently closed circular DNA were examined with the help of methylation-dependent restriction (MdR). DNA with 12 superhelical turns was preferentially modified, indicating minichromosomes with 12 nucleosomes leaving an open gap. MdR digestion yielded a specific product of genomic length, which was cloned and Sanger-sequenced, or amplified following ligation-mediated rolling circle amplification and deep-sequenced (circomics). The conventional approach revealed a single cleavage product indicating specific methylations at the borders of the common region. The circomics approach identified considerably more MdR sites in a preferential distance to each other of ~200 nts, which is the DNA length in a nucleosome. They accumulated in regions of nucleosome-free gaps, but scattered also along the genomic components. These results may hint at a function in specific gene regulation, as well as in virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Deuschle
- Institut für Biomaterialien und biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabi Kepp
- Institut für Biomaterialien und biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Jeske
- Institut für Biomaterialien und biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Mandal A, Sarkar D, Kundu S, Kundu P. Mechanism of regulation of tomato TRN1 gene expression in late infection with tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:221-237. [PMID: 26706073 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl disease caused by geminiviruses is manifested by curling and puckering of leaves and thickening of veins, resembling developmental defects. This is probably due to the long-term altered regulation of expression of development related gene(s). Our results show that in the infected leaves the transcript level of TORNADO1 (SlTRN1), a gene important for cell expansion and vein formation, increased significantly. SlTRN1 is transcribed from two start sites. The preferential usage of one start site governs its expression in viral-stressed plants. To investigate the role of specific promoter elements in mediating differential expression of SlTRN1, we performed SlTRN1 promoter analysis. The promoter-regulatory sequences harbor multiple W-boxes. The SlWRKY16 transcription factor actively interacts with one of the W-boxes. WRKY proteins are commonly induced by salicylic acid (SA), and consequently SA treatment increased transcript level of SlWRKY16 and SlTRN1. Further mutational analyses confirmed the role of W-boxes in mediating SlTRN1 induction during ToLCNDV infection or SA treatment. We postulate that the activation of SA pathway during stress-response in tomato induces WRKY16, which in turn modulates transcription of SlTRN1 gene. This study unravels the mechanism of regulation of a developmental gene during stress-response, which may affect the severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Mandal
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Deepti Sarkar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Surekha Kundu
- Botany Department, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Rd, Ballygunge, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Pallob Kundu
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India.
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Saeed M, Briddon RW, Dalakouras A, Krczal G, Wassenegger M. Functional Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus/Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite RNA Silencing Suppressors. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:697-714. [PMID: 26512705 PMCID: PMC4690014 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In South Asia, Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is caused by a complex of phylogenetically-related begomovirus species and a specific betasatellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). The post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) suppression activities of the transcriptional activator protein (TrAP), C4, V2 and βC1 proteins encoded by Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV)/CLCuMuB were assessed in Nicotiana benthamiana. A variable degree of local silencing suppression was observed for each viral protein tested, with V2 protein exhibiting the strongest suppression activity and only the C4 protein preventing the spread of systemic silencing. The CLCuKoV-encoded TrAP, C4, V2 and CLCuMuB-encoded βC1 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. TrAP was shown to bind various small and long nucleic acids including single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) RNA and DNA molecules. C4, V2, and βC1 bound ssDNA and dsDNA with varying affinities. Transgenic expression of C4 under the constitutive 35S Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and βC1 under a dexamethasone inducible promoter induced severe developmental abnormalities in N. benthamiana. The results indicate that homologous proteins from even quite closely related begomoviruses may differ in their suppressor activity and mechanism of action. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, PO Box 577, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rob W Briddon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, PO Box 577, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Athanasios Dalakouras
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
| | - Gabi Krczal
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
| | - Michael Wassenegger
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.
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Krenz B, Deuschle K, Deigner T, Unseld S, Kepp G, Wege C, Kleinow T, Jeske H. Early function of the Abutilon mosaic virus AC2 gene as a replication brake. J Virol 2015; 89:3683-99. [PMID: 25589661 PMCID: PMC4403429 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03491-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The C2/AC2 genes of monopartite/bipartite geminiviruses of the genera Begomovirus and Curtovirus encode important pathogenicity factors with multiple functions described so far. A novel function of Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) AC2 as a replication brake is described, utilizing transgenic plants with dimeric inserts of DNA B or with a reporter construct to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). Their replicational release upon AbMV superinfection or the individual and combined expression of epitope-tagged AbMV AC1, AC2, and AC3 was studied. In addition, the effects were compared in the presence and in the absence of an unrelated tombusvirus suppressor of silencing (P19). The results show that AC2 suppresses replication reproducibly in all assays and that AC3 counteracts this effect. Examination of the topoisomer distribution of supercoiled DNA, which indicates changes in the viral minichromosome structure, did not support any influence of AC2 on transcriptional gene silencing and DNA methylation. The geminiviral AC2 protein has been detected here for the first time in plants. The experiments revealed an extremely low level of AC2, which was slightly increased if constructs with an intron and a hemagglutinin (HA) tag in addition to P19 expression were used. AbMV AC2 properties are discussed with reference to those of other geminiviruses with respect to charge, modification, and size in order to delimit possible reasons for the different behaviors. IMPORTANCE The (A)C2 genes encode a key pathogenicity factor of begomoviruses and curtoviruses in the plant virus family Geminiviridae. This factor has been implicated in the resistance breaking observed in agricultural cotton production. AC2 is a multifunctional protein involved in transcriptional control, gene silencing, and regulation of basal biosynthesis. Here, a new function of Abutilon mosaic virus AC2 in replication control is added as a feature of this protein in viral multiplication, providing a novel finding on geminiviral molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Krenz
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kathrin Deuschle
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Deigner
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sigrid Unseld
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabi Kepp
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleinow
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Jeske
- Institut für Biomaterialien und Biomolekulare Systeme, Abteilung für Molekularbiologie und Virologie der Pflanzen, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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