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Sharma G, Barney JN, Westwood JH, Haak DC. Into the weeds: new insights in plant stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1050-1060. [PMID: 34238685 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Weeds, plants that thrive in the face of disturbance, have eluded human's attempts at control for >12 000 years, positioning them as a unique group of extreme stress tolerators. The most successful weeds have a suite of traits that enable them to rapidly adapt to environments typified by stress, growing in hostile conditions or subject to massive destruction from agricultural practices. Through their ability to persist and adapt, weeds illuminate principles of evolution and provide insights into weed management and crop improvement. Here we highlight why the time is right to move beyond traditional model systems and leverage weeds to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms, adaptations, and genetic and physiological bases for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Sharma
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jacob N Barney
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James H Westwood
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - David C Haak
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Nishiyama S, Matsushita MC, Yamane H, Honda C, Okada K, Tamada Y, Moriya S, Tao R. Functional and expressional analyses of apple FLC-like in relation to dormancy progress and flower bud development. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:562-570. [PMID: 31728534 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-like gene, a MADS-box transcription factor gene that belongs to Arabidopsis thaliana L. FLC clade, in apple (Malus $\times$ domestica Borkh.), and its expression in dormant flower buds is positively correlated with cumulative cold exposure. To elucidate the role of the MdFLC-like in the dormancy process and flower development, we first characterized the phenotypes of MdFLC-like overexpressing lines with the Arabidopsis Columbia-0 background. The overexpression of MdFLC-like significantly delayed the bolting date and reduced the plant size, but it did not significantly affect the number of rosette leaves or flower organ formation. Thus, MdFLC-like may affect vegetative growth and development rather than flowering when expressed in Arabidopsis, which is not like Arabidopsis FLC that affects development of flowering. We compared seasonal expression patterns of MdFLC-like in low-chill 'Anna' and high-chill 'Fuji' and 'Tsugaru' apples collected from trees grown in a cold winter region in temperate zone and found an earlier upregulation in 'Anna' compared with 'Fuji' and 'Tsugaru'. Expression patterns were also compared in relation to developmental changes in the flower primordia during the chilling accumulation period. Overall, MdFLC-like was progressively upregulated during flower primordia differentiation and development in autumn to early winter and reached a maximum expression level at around the same time as the genotype-dependent chilling requirements were fulfilled in high-chill cultivars. Thus, we hypothesize MdFLC-like may be upregulated in response to cold exposure and flower primordia development during the progress of endodormancy. Our study also suggests MdFLC-like may have a growth-inhibiting function during the end of endodormancy and ecodormancy when the temperature is low and unfavorable for rapid bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Hisayo Yamane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikako Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Midori-Cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Morioka 020-0123, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, Sokendai, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriya
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Morioka 020-0123, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Vimont N, Fouché M, Campoy JA, Tong M, Arkoun M, Yvin JC, Wigge PA, Dirlewanger E, Cortijo S, Wenden B. From bud formation to flowering: transcriptomic state defines the cherry developmental phases of sweet cherry bud dormancy. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:974. [PMID: 31830909 PMCID: PMC6909552 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bud dormancy is a crucial stage in perennial trees and allows survival over winter to ensure optimal flowering and fruit production. Recent work highlighted physiological and molecular events occurring during bud dormancy in trees. However, they usually examined bud development or bud dormancy in isolation. In this work, we aimed to further explore the global transcriptional changes happening throughout bud development and dormancy onset, progression and release. Results Using next-generation sequencing and modelling, we conducted an in-depth transcriptomic analysis for all stages of flower buds in several sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars that are characterized for their contrasted dates of dormancy release. We find that buds in organogenesis, paradormancy, endodormancy and ecodormancy stages are defined by the expression of genes involved in specific pathways, and these are conserved between different sweet cherry cultivars. In particular, we found that DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM), floral identity and organogenesis genes are up-regulated during the pre-dormancy stages while endodormancy is characterized by a complex array of signalling pathways, including cold response genes, ABA and oxidation-reduction processes. After dormancy release, genes associated with global cell activity, division and differentiation are activated during ecodormancy and growth resumption. We then went a step beyond the global transcriptomic analysis and we developed a model based on the transcriptional profiles of just seven genes to accurately predict the main bud dormancy stages. Conclusions Overall, this study has allowed us to better understand the transcriptional changes occurring throughout the different phases of flower bud development, from bud formation in the summer to flowering in the following spring. Our work sets the stage for the development of fast and cost effective diagnostic tools to molecularly define the dormancy stages. Such integrative approaches will therefore be extremely useful for a better comprehension of complex phenological processes in many species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Vimont
- INRA, UMR1332 BFP, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France.,Agro Innovation International, Centre Mondial d'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, 35400, St Malo, France.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Mathieu Fouché
- INRA, UMR1332 BFP, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France
| | - José Antonio Campoy
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.,Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Present address: Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Meixuezi Tong
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Agro Innovation International, Centre Mondial d'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, 35400, St Malo, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Agro Innovation International, Centre Mondial d'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, 35400, St Malo, France
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institute für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau (IGZ), Plant Adaptation, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Cortijo
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- INRA, UMR1332 BFP, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, Cedex, France.
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Chao WS, Doğramacı M, Horvath DP, Anderson JV, Foley ME. Comparison of phytohormone levels and transcript profiles during seasonal dormancy transitions in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:281-302. [PMID: 28365837 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous perennial weed that maintains its perennial growth habit through generation of underground adventitious buds (UABs) on the crown and lateral roots. These UABs undergo seasonal phases of dormancy under natural conditions, namely para-, endo-, and ecodormancy in summer, fall, and winter, respectively. These dormancy phases can also be induced in growth chambers by manipulating photoperiod and temperature. In this study, UABs induced into the three phases of dormancy under controlled conditions were used to compare changes in phytohormone and transcriptome profiles. Results indicated that relatively high levels of ABA, the ABA metabolite PA, and IAA were found in paradormant buds. When UABs transitioned from para- to endodormancy, ABA and PA levels decreased, whereas IAA levels were maintained. Additionally, transcript profiles associated with regulation of soluble sugars and ethylene activities were also increased during para- to endodormancy transition, which may play some role in maintaining endodormancy status. When crown buds transitioned from endo- to ecodormancy, the ABA metabolites PA and DPA decreased significantly along with the down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis genes, ABA2 and NCED3. IAA levels were also significantly lower in ecodormant buds than that of endodormant buds. We hypothesize that extended cold treatment may trigger physiological stress in endodormant buds, and that these stress-associated signals induced the endo- to ecodormancy transition and growth competence. The up-regulation of NAD/NADH phosphorylation and dephosphorylation pathway, and MAF3-like and GRFs genes, may be considered as markers of growth competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun S Chao
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Münevver Doğramacı
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - David P Horvath
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - James V Anderson
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Michael E Foley
- Biosciences Research Lab, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
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Moeller KT, Demare G, Davies S, DeNardo DF. Dehydration enhances multiple physiological defense mechanisms in a desert lizard, Heloderma suspectum. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:2166-2174. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.150367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The physiological challenges associated with dehydration can induce an increase in plasma glucocorticoid concentrations, a response thought to provide the mechanism for dehydration suppressing immune function. However, a comprehensive examination of the interrelationship of dehydration, stress, and immune function has not been conducted within a single species. We previously demonstrated that Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum), which inhabit a xeric environment with a predictable seasonal drought, have enhanced measures of innate immunity when dehydrated. These results suggest that, in this species, dehydration may not induce a glucocorticoid response, but, instead, enhances physiological defense mechanisms. To explore this possibility, we examined multiple measures of innate immunity as well as initial and reactive plasma concentrations of glucocorticoids in captive and free-ranging Gila monsters at various hydration states. Our results show that, in this species, dehydration alone does not cause a substantial increase in plasma glucocorticoids, and we provide broader evidence that dehydration enhances defensive mechanisms including stress reactivity and various measures of innate immune function. These findings suggest that physiological responses to dehydration may depend heavily on an organism's ecology. More research on the effects of dehydration on the glucocorticoid response and immunity will help clarify the interactive roles they play in response to hydric challenges and whether adaptations to water-limited environments influence these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla T. Moeller
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Guillaume Demare
- School of Geography & the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Davies
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Dale F. DeNardo
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Porto DD, Bruneau M, Perini P, Anzanello R, Renou JP, dos Santos HP, Fialho FB, Revers LF. Transcription profiling of the chilling requirement for bud break in apples: a putative role for FLC-like genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2659-72. [PMID: 25750421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Apple production depends on the fulfilment of a chilling requirement for bud dormancy release. Insufficient winter chilling results in irregular and suboptimal bud break in the spring, with negative impacts on apple yield. Trees from apple cultivars with contrasting chilling requirements for bud break were used to investigate the expression of the entire set of apple genes in response to chilling accumulation in the field and controlled conditions. Total RNA was analysed on the AryANE v.1.0 oligonucleotide microarray chip representing 57,000 apple genes. The data were tested for functional enrichment, and differential expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. The largest number of differentially expressed genes was found in samples treated with cold temperatures. Cold exposure mostly repressed expression of transcripts related to photosynthesis, and long-term cold exposure repressed flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Among the differentially expressed selected candidates, we identified genes whose annotations were related to the circadian clock, hormonal signalling, regulation of growth, and flower development. Two genes, annotated as FLOWERING LOCUS C-like and MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING, showed strong differential expression in several comparisons. One of these two genes was upregulated in most comparisons involving dormancy release, and this gene's chromosomal position co-localized with the confidence interval of a major quantitative trait locus for the timing of bud break. These results indicate that photosynthesis and auxin transport are major regulatory nodes of apple dormancy and unveil strong candidates for the control of bud dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Denardi Porto
- Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, BR-428, Km 152, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Maryline Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), A, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Pâmela Perini
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua General Osório, 348, Centro, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Anzanello
- Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, RSC-470, Km 170, 95330-000, Veranópolis, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), A, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Henrique Pessoa dos Santos
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Bello Fialho
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
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