1
|
Klink VP, Alkharouf NW, Lawrence KS, Lawaju BR, Sharma K, Niraula PM, McNeece BT. The heterologous expression of conserved Glycine max (soybean) mitogen activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) paralogs suppresses Meloidogyne incognita parasitism in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton). Transgenic Res 2022; 31:457-487. [PMID: 35763120 PMCID: PMC9489592 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two conserved Glycine max (soybean) mitogen activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) paralogs function in defense to the parasitic soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Gene Ontology analyses of RNA seq data obtained from MAPK3-1-overexpressing (OE) and MAPK3-2-OE roots compared to their control, as well as MAPK3-1-RNA interference (RNAi) and MAPK3-2-RNAi compared to their control, hierarchically orders the induced and suppressed genes, strengthening the hypothesis that their heterologous expression in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) would impair parasitism by the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. MAPK3-1 expression (E) in G. hirsutum suppresses the production of M. incognita root galls, egg masses, and second stage juveniles (J2s) by 80.32%, 82.37%, and 88.21%, respectfully. Unexpectedly, egg number increases by 28.99% but J2s are inviable. MAPK3-2-E effects are identical, statistically. MAPK3-1-E and MAPK3-2-E decreases root mass 1.49-fold and 1.55-fold, respectively, as compared to the pRAP15-ccdB-E control. The reproductive factor (RF) of M. incognita for G. hirsutum roots expressing MAPK3-1-E or MAPK3-2-E decreases 60.39% and 50.46%, respectively, compared to controls. The results are consistent with upstream pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) functioning in defense to H. glycines. The experiments showcase the feasibility of employing MAPK3, through heterologous expression, to combat M. incognita parasitism, possibly overcoming impediments otherwise making G. hirsutum's defense platform deficient. MAPK homologs are identified in other important crop species for future functional analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. Klink
- USDA ARS NEA BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Building 004 Room 122 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Center for Computational Sciences High Performance Computing Collaboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Nadim W. Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252 USA
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Bisho R. Lawaju
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, 1402 Albrecht Blvd., Walster Hall 306, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Prakash M. Niraula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, 1200 North Dupont Highway, Science Center 164, Dover, DE 19901 USA
| | - Brant T. McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
- Present Address: Nutrien Ag Solutions, 737 Blaylock Road, Winterville, MS 38703 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Li X, Zhang J, He T, Huang J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Hafeez M, Zhou S, Ren X, Hou Y, Lu Y. Comprehensive Metabolome and Volatilome Analyses in Eggplant and Tomato Reveal Their Differential Responses to Tuta absoluta Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:757230. [PMID: 34804095 PMCID: PMC8597266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.757230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, is one of the most destructive insect pests in Solanaceae crops, particularly in tomatoes. Current methods of management have proven somewhat effective but still require a more efficacious management strategy to limit its havoc on crop yield. Tomato is much more predisposed to T. absoluta as compared with other plants such as eggplants, but the underlying causes have not been fully determined. We conducted this study to unravel the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and primary/secondary metabolites that account for the differential response of tomatoes and eggplants to T. absoluta infestation. We performed widely targeted comparative metabolome and volatilome profiling by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), respectively, on eggplants and tomatoes under control and T. absoluta infestation conditions. Overall, 141 VOCs and 797 primary/secondary metabolites were identified, largely dominated by aldehyde, alcohols, alkanes, amine, aromatics, a heterocyclic compound, ketone, olefin, phenol, and terpenes. Most of the VOCs and primary/secondary metabolites from the terpene class were largely differentially regulated in eggplants compared with tomatoes. Eggplants emitted several compounds that were lower or completely absent in tomatoes either under control conditions or after T. absoluta infestation. The results from an electroantennogram showed that 35 differentially accumulated VOCs could elicit female T. absoluta response, implying that these volatile compounds significantly alter the behavior of this pest. These findings demonstrated that differentially accumulated metabolites and volatile compounds play major roles in eggplant resistance to T. absoluta infestation as these compounds were regulated upon attack by T. absoluta. Our findings can assist in integrated pest management efforts by developing appropriate control measures against T. absoluta in Solanaceae production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianjun He
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeyang Wang
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen LM, Li XW, He TJ, Li PJ, Liu Y, Zhou SX, Wu QC, Chen TT, Lu YB, Hou YM. Comparative biochemical and transcriptome analyses in tomato and eggplant reveal their differential responses to Tuta absoluta infestation. Genomics 2021; 113:2108-2121. [PMID: 33964421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is more prone to Tuta absoluta invasion and damages as compared to other host plants but the mechanism behind this preference has not been elucidated. Here, two contrasting host preference plants, tomato and eggplant, were used to investigate biochemical and transcriptomic modifications induced by T. absoluta infestation. Biochemical analysis at 0-72 h post T. absoluta infestation revealed significantly reduced concentrations of amino acid, fructose, sucrose, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and total phenols in tomato compared to eggplant, mainly at 48 h post T. absoluta infestation. Transcriptome analysis showed higher transcript changes in infested eggplant than tomato. Signaling genes had significant contributions to mediate plant immunity against T. absoluta, specifically genes associated with salicylic acid in eggplant. Genes from PR1b1, NPR1, NPR3, MAPKs, and ANP1 families play important roles to mitigate T. absoluta infestation. Our results will facilitate the development of control strategies against T. absoluta for sustainable tomato production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 827 Liyang Stress, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Jun He
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 827 Liyang Stress, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Peng-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan-Cong Wu
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 827 Liyang Stress, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Yao-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chakraborty J, Ghosh P, Sen S, Nandi AK, Das S. CaMPK9 increases the stability of CaWRKY40 transcription factor which triggers defense response in chickpea upon Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race1 infection. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:411-431. [PMID: 30953279 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Physical interaction and phosphorylation by CaMPK9 protects the degradation of CaWRKY40 that induces resistance response in chickpea to Fusarium wilt disease by modulating the transcription of defense responsive genes. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are the global regulators of plant defense signaling that modulate immune responses in host plants by regulating transcription of downstream target genes upon challenged by pathogens. However, very little is known about immune responsive role of Cicer arietinum L. (Ca) WRKY TFs particularly. Using two contrasting chickpea genotypes with respect to resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race1 (Foc1), we demonstrate transcript accumulation of different CaWRKYs under multiple stresses and establish that CaWRKY40 triggers defense. CaWRKY40 overexpressing chickpea mounts resistance to Foc1 by positively modulating the defense related gene expression. EMSA, ChIP assay and real-time PCR analyses suggest CaWRKY40 binds at the promoters and positively regulates transcription of CaDefensin and CaWRKY33. Further studies revealed that mitogen Activated Protein Kinase9 (CaMPK9) phosphorylates CaWRKY40 by directly interacting with its two canonical serine residues. Interestingly, CaMPK9 is unable to interact with CaWRKY40 when the relevant two serine residues were replaced by alanine. Overexpression of serine mutated WRKY40 isoform in chickpea fails to provide resistance against Foc1. Mutated WRKY40Ser.224/225 to AA overexpressing chickpea resumes its ability to confer resistance against Foc1 after application of 26S proteasomal inhibitor MG132, suggests that phosphorylation is essential to protect CaWRKY40 from proteasomal degradation. CaMPK9 silencing also led to susceptibility in chickpea to Foc1. Altogether, our results elucidate positive regulatory roles of CaMPK9 and CaWRKY40 in modulating defense response in chickpea upon Foc1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Chakraborty
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Prithwi Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Senjuti Sen
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Nandi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang S, Wang L, Zhao R, Yu W, Li R, Li Y, Sheng J, Shen L. Knockout of SlMAPK3 Reduced Disease Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8949-8956. [PMID: 30092129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play an important role in defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In order to investigate the role of SlMAPK3 in tomato plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea, two lines of slmapk3 mutants and wild-type (WT) tomato plants were used. The results showed that slmapk3 mutants were more susceptible to B. cinerea and that knockout of SlMAPK3 reduced the activities of defense enzymes and enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we detected the expressions of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling-related genes and found that knockout of SlMAPK3 enhanced the expressions of SlPR1, SlPAD4 and SlEDS1, whereas reduced the expressions of SlLoxC, SlPI I and SlPI II and enhanced the expressions of SlJAZ1 and SlMYC2. We postulate that SlMAPK3 plays a positive role in tomato plant resistance to B. cinerea through regulating ROS accumulation and SA and JA defense signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Liu Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Wenqing Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahesh HM, Murali M, Anup Chandra Pal M, Melvin P, Sharada MS. Salicylic acid seed priming instigates defense mechanism by inducing PR-Proteins in Solanum melongena L. upon infection with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 117:12-23. [PMID: 28578205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone connected with various cellular functions including the fight against invading pathogens. Priming of seeds pre-sowing is a very simple method to the farmers' to produce better growth, yield and manage the pathogens. The present study was aimed to determine the growth and disease resistance ability in brinjal seeds primed with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mM) of SA under greenhouse conditions. Priming of seeds with SA significantly increased seed germination and seedling vigor with a maximum of 84% and 859.18, respectively at 0.5 mM concentration. Seed priming with SA also reduced Verticillium wilt incidence to 39.25% (at 0.5 mM) under greenhouse conditions and also enhanced the vegetative growth parameters of the plant compared to control. The induced resistance obtained with SA was in line with higher expression of PR-protein (β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase) related defense enzymes. Further, an increase of 1.7, 2.9, 2.1, 2.5 and 2-fold increase in gene expression of IAA27, MPK1, GPX, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, respectively were observed in SA primed challenge inoculated seedlings than non-primed susceptible inoculated controls. The higher expression of IAA27, MPK1, GPX, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase correlates with the plant growth promoting and disease protection studies as these genes are vital for increasing plant growth and inducing resistance during host-pathogen interaction. Enhanced activation of defense-related activities in plants upon priming with SA suggests that it alters plant physiology which in turn is useful for production and protection of brinjal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Mahesh
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasasgangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - M Murali
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasasgangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - M Anup Chandra Pal
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasasgangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasad Melvin
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasasgangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Sharada
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasasgangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Qin L, Zhao J, Muhammad T, Cao H, Li H, Zhang Y, Liang Y. SlMAPK3 enhances tolerance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by regulating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172466. [PMID: 28222174 PMCID: PMC5319765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have reported on the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3) in plant immune responses. However, little is known about how MAPK3 functions in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) infected with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). There is also uncertainty about the connection between plant MAPK3 and the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) defense-signaling pathways. The results of this study indicated that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response against TYLCV. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TYLCV to investigate the possible roles of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 against this virus. Inoculation with TYLCV strongly induced the expression and the activity of all three genes. Silencing of SlMAPK1, SlMAPK2, and SlMAPK3 reduced tolerance to TYLCV, increased leaf H2O2 concentrations, and attenuated expression of defense-related genes after TYLCV infection, especially in SlMAPK3-silenced plants. Exogenous SA and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) both significantly induced SlMAPK3 expression in tomato leaves. Over-expression of SlMAPK3 increased the transcript levels of SA/JA-mediated defense-related genes (PR1, PR1b/SlLapA, SlPI-I, and SlPI-II) and enhanced tolerance to TYLCV. After TYLCV inoculation, the leaves of SlMAPK3 over-expressed plants compared with wild type plants showed less H2O2 accumulation and greater superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Overall, the results suggested that SlMAPK3 participates in the antiviral response of tomato to TYLCV, and that this process may be through either the SA or JA defense-signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tayeb Muhammad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hehe Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LY); (ZY)
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LY); (ZY)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Veena M, Melvin P, Prabhu SA, Shailasree S, Shetty HS, Kini KR. Molecular cloning of a coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich repeat gene from pearl millet and its expression pattern in response to the downy mildew pathogen. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:117-28. [PMID: 26842722 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola is a devastating disease of pearl millet. Based on candidate gene approach, a set of 22 resistance gene analogues were identified. The clone RGPM 301 (AY117410) containing a partial sequence shared 83% similarity to rice R-proteins. A full-length R-gene RGA RGPM 301 of 3552 bp with 2979 bp open reading frame encoding 992 amino acids was isolated by the degenerate primers and rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) approach. It had a molecular mass of 113.96 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 8.71. The sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis grouped it to a non-TIR NBS LRR group. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed higher accumulation of the transcripts following inoculation with S. graminicola in the resistant cultivar (IP18296) compared to susceptible cultivar (7042S). Further, significant induction in the transcript levels were observed when treated with abiotic elicitor β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and biotic elicitor Pseudomonas fluorescens. Exogenous application of phytohormones jasmonic acid or salicylic acid also up-regulated the expression levels of RGA RGPM 301. The treatment of cultivar IP18296 with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) suppressed the levels of RGA RGPM 301. A 3.5 kb RGA RGPM 301 which is a non-TIR NBS-LRR protein was isolated from pearl millet and its up-regulation during downy mildew interaction was demonstrated by qRT-PCR. These studies indicate a role for this RGA in pearl millet downy mildew interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariswamy Veena
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - Prasad Melvin
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - Sreedhara Ashok Prabhu
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sekhar Shailasree
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
| | - Hunthrike Shekar Shetty
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - Kukkundoor Ramachandra Kini
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X, Dong J, Liu H, Wang J, Qi Y, Liang Z. Transcriptome Sequencing in Response to Salicylic Acid in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147849. [PMID: 26808150 PMCID: PMC4726470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, whose quality and yield are often affected by diseases and environmental stresses during its growing season. Salicylic acid (SA) plays a significant role in plants responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the involved regulatory factors and their signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. In order to identify the genes involved in SA signaling, the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) strategy was employed to evaluate the transcriptional profiles in S. miltiorrhiza cell cultures. A total of 50,778 unigenes were assembled, in which 5,316 unigenes were differentially expressed among 0-, 2-, and 8-h SA induction. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in stimulus response and multi-organism process. A core set of candidate novel genes coding SA signaling component proteins was identified. Many transcription factors (e.g., WRKY, bHLH and GRAS) and genes involved in hormone signal transduction were differentially expressed in response to SA induction. Detailed analysis revealed that genes associated with defense signaling, such as antioxidant system genes, cytochrome P450s and ATP-binding cassette transporters, were significantly overexpressed, which can be used as genetic tools to investigate disease resistance. Our transcriptome analysis will help understand SA signaling and its mechanism of defense systems in S. miltiorrhiza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JD); (ZL)
| | - Hailong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JD); (ZL)
| |
Collapse
|