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Schmid LM, Manavski N, Chi W, Meurer J. Chloroplast Ribosome Biogenesis Factors. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:516-536. [PMID: 37498958 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation of chloroplasts can be traced back to an ancient event in which a eukaryotic host cell containing mitochondria ingested a cyanobacterium. Since then, chloroplasts have retained many characteristics of their bacterial ancestor, including their transcription and translation machinery. In this review, recent research on the maturation of rRNA and ribosome assembly in chloroplasts is explored, along with their crucial role in plant survival and their implications for plant acclimation to changing environments. A comparison is made between the ribosome composition and auxiliary factors of ancient and modern chloroplasts, providing insights into the evolution of ribosome assembly factors. Although the chloroplast contains ancient proteins with conserved functions in ribosome assembly, newly evolved factors have also emerged to help plants acclimate to changes in their environment and internal signals. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast ribosome assembly and highlights the importance of this process in plant survival, acclimation and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Schmid
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Nikolay Manavski
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
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Bai A, Zhao T, Li Y, Zhang F, Wang H, Shah SHA, Gong L, Liu T, Wang Y, Hou X, Li Y. QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis reveal two major loci regulating green leaf color in non-heading Chinese cabbage. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:105. [PMID: 38622387 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two major-effect QTL GlcA07.1 and GlcA09.1 for green leaf color were fine mapped into 170.25 kb and 191.41 kb intervals on chromosomes A07 and A09, respectively, and were validated by transcriptome analysis. Non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) is a leafy vegetable with a wide range of green colors. Understanding the genetic mechanism behind broad spectrum of green may facilitate the breeding of high-quality NHCC. Here, we used F2 and F7:8 recombination inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between Wutacai (dark-green) and Erqing (lime-green) to undertake the genetic analysis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in NHCC. The genetic investigation of the F2 population revealed that the variation of green leaf color was controlled by two recessive genes. Six pigments associated with green leaf color, including total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, lutein, and carotene were quantified and applied for QTL mapping in the RIL population. A total of 7 QTL were detected across the whole genome. Among them, two major-effect QTL were mapped on chromosomes A07 (GlcA07.1) and A09 (GlcA09.1) corresponding to two QTL identified in the F2 population. The QTL GlcA07.1 and GlcA09.1 were further fine mapped into 170.25 kb and 191.41 kb genomic regions, respectively. By comparing gene expression level and gene annotation, BraC07g023810 and BraC07g023970 were proposed as the best candidates for GlcA07.1, while BraC09g052220 and BraC09g052270 were suggested for GlcA09.1. Two InDel molecular markers (GlcA07.1-BcGUN4 and GlcA09.1-BcSG1) associated with BraC07gA023810 and BraC09g052220 were developed and could effectively identify leaf color in natural NHCC accessions, suggesting their potential for marker-assisted leaf color selection in NHCC breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianzi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xu Y, Wu Z, Shen W, Zhou H, Li H, He X, Li R, Qin B. Disruption of the rice ALS1 localized in chloroplast causes seedling-lethal albino phenotype. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111925. [PMID: 37981085 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis and regulate normal plant growth. Although translation elongation factors play important roles in chloroplast development, functional studies of chloroplast translation elongation factors in higher plants remain very sparse. Here, we obtained a rice mutant exhibiting seedling-lethal albino phenotype and named it albino and lethal seedling 1 (als1). Consistently, low content of photosynthetic pigments, malformed chloroplasts and defective photosynthesis were observed in als1 mutant leaves. Map-based cloning experiment showed that als1 mutant had a T base insertion in Os02g0595700, causing a frame shift and premature stop codon. ALS1 encoded a GTP-binding protein EF-Tu, which acts as a translation elongation factor in chloroplast protein translation. ALS1 was found to be expressed throughout plant with highest expression level in young leaves. Moreover, ALS1 was located in chloroplast, whereas the truncated als1 could not normally be located in chloroplast. Additionally, the ALS1 mutation significantly influenced the expression of downstream genes, such as genes relevant to chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis as well as chloroplast development. These results show that ALS1 acts as a key regulator of chloroplast development and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zishuai Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Hu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xinhua He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Rongbai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Baoxiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
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Li J, Wang R, Liu Y, Miao X. Role of ERA protein in enhancing glyceroglycolipid synthesis and phosphate starvation tolerance in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159431. [PMID: 37977490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyceroglycolipids are the primary thylakoid membrane lipids in cyanobacteria. Their diverse bioactivities have led to extensive utilization in the biomedical industry. In this study, we elucidated the role of ERA (E. coli Ras-like protein) in augmenting glyceroglycolipid synthesis and bolstering stress resilience in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 during phosphate starvation. Notably, the ERA overexpression strain (ERA OE) outperformed the wild-type (WT) strain under phosphate-starved conditions, displaying an average 13.9 % increase in biomass over WT during the entire growth period, peaking at 0.185 g L-1 of dry cell weight on day 6. Lipidomic analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS techniques revealed that ERA OE exhibited a higher total glyceroglycolipid content compared to WT under phosphate starvation, representing a 7.95 % increase over WT and constituting a maximum of 5.07 % of dry cell weight on day 6. Transcriptomic analysis identified a significant up-regulation of the gldA gene (encoding glycerol dehydrogenase) involved in glycerolipid metabolism due to overexpression of ERA during phosphate starvation. These findings suggest a potential mechanism by which ERA regulates glyceroglycolipid synthesis through the up-regulation of GldA, thereby enhancing phosphate starvation tolerance in S. elongatus PCC 7942. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis revealed that ERA facilitated the production of glyceroglycolipid molecules containing C16:1 and C18:1 fatty acids. Additionally, ERA redirected lipid flux and promoted glyceroglycolipid accumulation while attenuating triacylglycerol production under phosphate starvation. This study represents the first demonstration of pivotal role of ERA in enhancing glyceroglycolipid synthesis and phosphate starvation tolerance in cyanobacteria, offering new insights into the effective utilization of glyceroglycolipids in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Gruffaz C, Smirnov A. GTPase Era at the heart of ribosome assembly. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1263433. [PMID: 37860580 PMCID: PMC10582724 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1263433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a key process in all organisms. It relies on coordinated work of multiple proteins and RNAs, including an array of assembly factors. Among them, the GTPase Era stands out as an especially deeply conserved protein, critically required for the assembly of bacterial-type ribosomes from Escherichia coli to humans. In this review, we bring together and critically analyze a wealth of phylogenetic, biochemical, structural, genetic and physiological data about this extensively studied but still insufficiently understood factor. We do so using a comparative and, wherever possible, synthetic approach, by confronting observations from diverse groups of bacteria and eukaryotic organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts). The emerging consensus posits that Era intervenes relatively early in the small subunit biogenesis and is essential for the proper shaping of the platform which, in its turn, is a prerequisite for efficient translation. The timing of Era action on the ribosome is defined by its interactions with guanosine nucleotides [GTP, GDP, (p)ppGpp], ribosomal RNA, and likely other factors that trigger or delay its GTPase activity. As a critical nexus of the small subunit biogenesis, Era is subject to sophisticated regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Failure of these mechanisms or a deficiency in Era function entail dramatic generalized consequences for the protein synthesis and far-reaching, pleiotropic effects on the organism physiology, such as the Perrault syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gruffaz
- UMR7156- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), University of Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Smirnov
- UMR7156- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), University of Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
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Ito K, Ito D, Goto M, Suzuki S, Masuda S, Iba K, Kusumi K. Regulation of ppGpp Synthesis and Its Impact on Chloroplast Biogenesis during Early Leaf Development in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:919-931. [PMID: 35428891 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) is known as an alarmone that mediates bacterial stress responses. In plants, ppGpp is synthesized in chloroplasts from GTP and ATP and functions as a regulator of chloroplast gene expression to affect photosynthesis and plant growth. This observation indicates that ppGpp metabolism is closely related to chloroplast function, but the regulation of ppGpp and its role in chloroplast differentiation are not well understood. In rice, ppGpp directly inhibits plastidial guanylate kinase (GKpm), a key enzyme in GTP biosynthesis. GKpm is highly expressed during early leaf development in rice, and the GKpm-deficient mutant, virescent-2 (v2), develops chloroplast-deficient chlorotic leaves under low-temperature conditions. To examine the relationship between GTP synthesis and ppGpp homeostasis, we generated transgenic rice plants over-expressing RSH3, a protein known to act as a ppGpp synthase. When RSH3 was overexpressed in v2, the leaf chlorosis was more severe. Although the RSH3 overexpression in the wild type caused no visible effects, pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer measurements indicated that photosynthetic rates were reduced in this line. This finding implies that the regulation of ppGpp synthesis in rice is involved in the maintenance of the GTP pool required to regulate plastid gene expression during early chloroplast biogenesis. We further investigated changes in the expressions of RelA/SpoT Homolog (RSH) genes encoding ppGpp synthases and hydrolases during the same period. Comparing the expression of these genes with the cellular ppGpp content suggests that the basal ppGpp level is determined by the antagonistic action of multiple RSH enzymatic activities during early leaf development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Doshun Ito
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
| | - Mina Goto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
| | - Sae Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kensuke Kusumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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Xu J, Ji Z, Wang C, Xu F, Wang F, Zheng Y, Tang Y, Wei Z, Zhao T, Zhao K. WATER-SOAKED SPOT1 Controls Chloroplast Development and Leaf Senescence via Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918673. [PMID: 35693165 PMCID: PMC9178249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane kinases (TMKs) play important roles in plant growth and signaling cascades of phytohormones. However, its function in the regulation of early leaf senescence (ELS) of plants remains unknown. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the WATER-SOAKED SPOT1 gene which encodes a protein belongs to the TMK family and controls chloroplast development and leaf senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The water-soaked spot1 (oswss1) mutant displays water-soaked spots which subsequently developed into necrotic symptoms at the tillering stage. Moreover, oswss1 exhibits slightly rolled leaves with irregular epidermal cells, decreased chlorophyll contents, and defective stomata and chloroplasts as compared with the wild type. Map-based cloning revealed that OsWSS1 encodes transmembrane kinase TMK1. Genetic complementary experiments verified that a Leu396Pro amino acid substitution, residing in the highly conserved region of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, was responsible for the phenotypes of oswss1. OsWSS1 was constitutively expressed in all tissues and its encoded protein is localized to the plasma membrane. Mutation of OsWSS1 led to hyper-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), more severe DNA fragmentation, and cell death than that of the wild-type control. In addition, we found that the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) was significantly higher, while the expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and photosynthesis was significantly downregulated in oswss1 as compared with the wild type. Taken together, our results demonstrated that OsWSS1, a member of TMKs, plays a vital role in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, chloroplast development, and leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ji
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Tang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li JY, Yang C, Tian YY, Liu JX. Regulation of Chloroplast Development and Function at Adverse Temperatures in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:580-591. [PMID: 35141744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is essential for photosynthesis, plant growth and development. As semiautonomous organelles, the biogenesis and development of chloroplasts need to be well-regulated during plant growth and stress responses. Low or high ambient temperatures are adverse environmental stresses that affect crop growth and productivity. As sessile organisms, plants regulate the development and function of chloroplasts in a fluctuating temperature environment to maintain normal photosynthesis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and regulatory factors required for chloroplast biogenesis and development under cold or heat stress conditions and highlights the importance of chloroplast gene transcription, RNA metabolism, ribosome function and protein homeostasis essential for chloroplast development under adverse temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ying-Ying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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Glyceroglycolipid Metabolism Regulations under Phosphate Starvation Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070360. [PMID: 32668657 PMCID: PMC7401256 DOI: 10.3390/md18070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceroglycolipids, abundant in cyanobacteria's photosynthetic membranes, present bioactivities and pharmacological activities, and can be widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Environmental factors could alter the contents and compositions of cyanobacteria glyceroglycolipids, but the regulation mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the glyceroglycolipids contents and the transcriptome in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 were analyzed under phosphate starvation. Under phosphate starvation, the decrease of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and increases of digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) led to a decrease in the MGDG/DGDG ratio, from 4:1 to 5:3, after 12 days of cultivation. However, UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase gene sqdB, and the SQDG synthase gene sqdX, were down-regulated, and the decreased MGDG/DGDG ratio was later increased back to 2:1 after 15 days of cultivation, suggesting the regulation of glyceroglycolipids on day 12 was based on the MGDG/DGDG ratio maintaining glyceroglycolipid homeostasis. There are 12 differentially expressed transcriptional regulators that could be potential candidates related to glyceroglycolipid regulation, according to the transcriptome analysis. The transcriptome analysis also suggested post-transcriptional or post-translational regulations in glyceroglycolipid synthesis. This study provides further insights into glyceroglycolipid metabolism, as well as the scientific basis for glyceroglycolipid synthesis optimization and cyanobacteria glyceroglycolipids utilization via metabolic engineering.
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