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Wang M, Song X, Wen Y, Zhong M, Zhang W, Luo C, Zhang Q. The wavelength dependence of oxygen-evolving complex inactivation in Zosteramarina. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108739. [PMID: 38772168 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Zostera marina, a critical keystone marine angiosperm species in coastal seagrass meadows, possesses a photosensitive oxygen evolving complex (OEC). In harsh environments, the photoinactivation of the Z. marina OEC may lead to population declines. However, the factors underlying this photosensitivity remain unclear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to elucidate the elements contributing to Z. marina OEC photosensitivity. Our results demonstrated a gradual decrease in photosystem II performance towards shorter wavelengths, especially blue light and ultraviolet radiation. This phenomenon was characterized by a reduction in Fv/Fm and the rate of O2 evolution, as well as increased fluorescence at 0.3 ms on the OJIP curve. Furthermore, exposure to shorter light wavelengths and longer exposure durations significantly reduced the relative abundance of the OEC peripheral proteins, indicating OEC inactivation. Analyses of light-screening substances revealed that carotenoids, which increased most notably under 420 nm light, might primarily serve as thermal dissipators instead of efficient light filters. In contrast, anthocyanins reacted least to short-wavelength light, in terms of changes to both their content and the expression of genes related to their biosynthesis. Additionally, the levels of aromatically acylated anthocyanins remained consistent across blue-, white-, and red-light treatments. These findings suggest that OEC photoinactivation in Z. marina may be linked to inadequate protection against short-wavelength light, a consequence of insufficient synthesis and aromatic acylation modification of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Wang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - XiuKai Song
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Yun Wen
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhong
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Chengying Luo
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
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Singh S, Vergish S, Jain N, Sharma AK, Khurana P, Khurana JP. OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 co-regulate photomorphogenesis and photoperiodic flowering in indica rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111631. [PMID: 36773757 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are a class of photoreceptors that perceive blue/ultraviolet-A light of the visible spectrum to mediate a vast number of physiological responses in bacteria, fungi, animals and plants. In the present study, we have characterized OsCRY2 in a photoperiod sensitive indica variety, Basmati 370, by generating and analyzing overexpression (OE) and knock-down (KD) transgenic lines. The OsCRY2OE lines displayed dwarfism as shown in their reduced plant height and leaf length, attributed largely by an overall reduction in their cell size. The OsCRY2OE lines flowered significantly earlier and showed shorter and broader seeds with an overall reduced seed weight. The OsCRY2KD lines showed contrasting phenotypes, such as increased plant height and delayed flowering, however, decreased seed size and weight were also observed in the KD lines, along with reduced spikelet fertility and high seed shattering rate in mature panicles. Novel interactions were confirmed between OsCRY2 and members of ZEITLUPE family of blue/ultraviolet-A light photoreceptors, encoded by OsFBO8, OsFBO9 and OsFBO10 which are orthologous to ZEITLUPE (ZTL), LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2) and FLAVIN BINDING, KELCH REPEAT F-BOX1 (FKF1), respectively, of Arabidopsis thaliana. Since FKF1 is known to play a role in regulating photoperiodic flowering, OsFBO10 was chosen for further studies. OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 interacted in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell and cross-regulated the expression of each other. They were also found to regulate the expression of several genes involved in photoperiodic flowering in rice. Both OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 played a positive role in photomorphogenic responses in different light conditions. The physical interaction of OsCRY2 with OsFBO10, their involvement in common physiological and developmental pathways and their cross-regulation of each other suggest that the two photoreceptors may regulate common developmental pathways in plants, either jointly or redundantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Satyam Vergish
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Nitin Jain
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Tang J, Liu H, Quan Y, Yao Y, Li K, Tang G, Du D. Fine mapping and causal gene identification of a novel QTL for early flowering by QTL-seq, Target-seq and RNA-seq in spring oilseed rape. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:80. [PMID: 36952057 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel quantitative trait locus for early flowering in spring oilseed rape, BnaC08cqDTF, was mapped to an 86-kb region on chromosome C08, and its causal gene, CRY2, was uncovered. Days to flowering is a very important agronomic and adaptive trait of Brassica napus oilseed rape (AACC, 2n = 38). We previously identified BnaC08cqDTF as a novel candidate quantitative trait locus (QTL) for early flowering in spring oilseed rape. Here, we present fine mapping of the locus and a study of its causal gene. Initial mapping was performed by QTL sequencing of DNA pools of BC3F2 plants with extreme flowering times derived from crosses between the spring-type cv. No. 4512 (early flowering) and cv. No. 5246 (late flowering), along with fine mapping by target sequencing of the BC3F2 and BC4F2 populations. Fine mapping narrowed down BnaC08cqDTF to an 86-kb region on chromosome C08. The region harbored fifteen genes. After comparative analyses of the DNA sequences for mutation between A and C syntenic regions and detected by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR between the two parents, we found that BnaC08G0010400ZS harbors an A/G nonsynonymous mutation in exon 3. This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype was also correlated with early flowering in a 256 accession panel. BnaC08G0010400ZS is a homolog of the AT1G04400 gene (CRY2) in Arabidopsis. The analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis verified that BnaC08G0010400ZS is responsible for early flowering. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control mechanism of early flowering in spring Brassica napus and will promote the breeding for early mature varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
- Crop Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haidong Liu
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Youjuan Quan
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Yanmei Yao
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Kaixiang Li
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Guoyong Tang
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Dezhi Du
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
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Singh S, Sharma P, Mishra S, Khurana P, Khurana JP. CRY2 gene of rice (Oryza sativa subsp. indica) encodes a blue light sensory receptor involved in regulating flowering, plant height and partial photomorphogenesis in dark. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:73-89. [PMID: 36251035 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OsiCRY2 is involved in light-regulated plant development and plays a role in regulating photomorphogenesis, plant height, flowering and most strikingly partial photomorphogenesis in dark. Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), the blue/UV-A light photoreceptor in plants, has been reported to regulate photoperiod-dependent flowering and seedling photomorphogenesis (under low-intensity light). Among monocots, CRY2 has been reported from japonica rice, wheat, sorghum and barley. The two sub-species of rice, indica and japonica, exhibit a high degree of genetic variation and morphological and physiological differences. This article describes the characterization of CRY2 of indica rice (OsiCRY2). While the transcript levels of OsiCRY2 did not change significantly under blue light, its protein levels were found to decline with increased time duration under blue light. For phenotypic characterization, OsiCRY2 over-expression (OX) transgenics were generated in Oryza sativa Pusa Sugandh 2 (PS2) cultivar, a highly scented Basmati cultivar. The OsiCRY2OX transgenics displayed shorter coleoptiles and dwarfism than wild-type under blue light, white, and far-red light. Interestingly, even the dark-grown transgenics were shorter, concomitant with higher OsiCRY2 protein levels in transgenics than wild-type. Histological analysis revealed that the decrease in the length of the seedlings was due to a decrease in the length of the epidermal cells. The fully mature rice transgenics were shorter than the untransformed plants but flowered at the same time as wild-type. However, the OsiCRY2 Arabidopsis over-expressors exhibited early flowering by 10-15 days, indicating the potential and conservation of function of OsiCRY2. The whole-genome transcriptome profiling of rice transgenics revealed the differential up-regulation of several light-regulated genes in dark-grown coleoptiles. These data provide evidence that OsiCRY2 regulates photomorphogenesis, plant height, and flowering in indica rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Proteus Genomics, 218 Summit Parkway, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA
| | - Sushma Mishra
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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5
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Jia Z, Zhang M, Ma C, Wang Z, Wang Z, Fang Y, Wang J. Identification and Functional Validation of Auxin-Responsive Tabzip Genes from Wheat Leaves in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010756. [PMID: 36614202 PMCID: PMC9821592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves are an essential and unique organ of plants, and many studies have proved that auxin has significant impacts on the architecture of leaves, thus the manipulation of the three-dimensional structure of a leaf could provide potential strategies for crop yields. In this study, 32 basic leucine zipper transcription factors (bZIP TFs) which responded to 50 μM of indole-acetic acid (IAA) were identified in wheat leaves by transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 32 auxin-responsive TabZIPs were classified into eight groups with possible different functions. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that knocking out the homologous gene of the most down-regulated auxin-responsive TabZIP6D_20 in Arabidopsis (AtHY5) decreased its sensitivity to 1 and 50 μM IAA, while the TabZIP6D_20/hy5 complementary lines recovered its sensitivity to auxin as a wild type (Wassilewskija), suggesting that the down-regulated TabZIP6D_20 was a negative factor in the auxin-signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that the auxin-responsive TabZIP genes might have various and vital functions in the architecture of a wheat leaf under auxin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Can Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zanqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (J.W.)
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6
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Chen YY, Lu HQ, Jiang KX, Wang YR, Wang YP, Jiang JJ. The Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Brassica napus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010357. [PMID: 36613800 PMCID: PMC9820570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important crop for edible oil, vegetables, biofuel, and animal food. It is also an ornamental crop for its various petal colors. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activities and medicinal values, and are important to plant pigmentation, disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. The yellow seed coat, purple leaf and inflorescence, and colorful petals of B. napus have been bred for improved nutritional value, tourism and city ornamentation. The putative loci and genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in B. napus have been identified using germplasms with various seed, petal, leaf, and stem colors, or different flavonoid contents under stress conditions. This review introduces the advances of flavonoid profiling, biosynthesis, and regulation during development and stress responses of B. napus, and hopes to help with the breeding of B. napus with better quality, ornamental value, and stress resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Jin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Han X, Tang Q, Xu L, Guan Z, Tu J, Yi B, Liu K, Yao X, Lu S, Guo L. Genome-wide detection of genotype environment interactions for flowering time in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1065766. [PMID: 36479520 PMCID: PMC9721451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is strongly related to the environment, while the genotype-by-environment interaction study for flowering time is lacking in Brassica napus. Here, a total of 11,700,689 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 490 B. napus accessions were used to associate with the flowering time and related climatic index in eight environments using a compressed variance-component mixed model, 3VmrMLM. As a result, 19 stable main-effect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and 32 QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) for flowering time were detected. Four windows of daily average temperature and precipitation were found to be climatic factors highly correlated with flowering time. Ten main-effect QTNs were found to be associated with these flowering-time-related climatic indexes. Using differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis in semi-winter and spring oilseed rapes, 5,850 and 5,511 DEGs were found to be significantly expressed before and after vernalization. Twelve and 14 DEGs, including 7 and 9 known homologs in Arabidopsis, were found to be candidate genes for stable QTNs and QEIs for flowering time, respectively. Five DEGs were found to be candidate genes for main-effect QTNs for flowering-time-related climatic index. These candidate genes, such as BnaFLCs, BnaFTs, BnaA02.VIN3, and BnaC09.PRR7, were further validated by the haplotype, selective sweep, and co-expression networks analysis. The candidate genes identified in this study will be helpful to breed B. napus varieties adapted to particular environments with optimized flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilin Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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