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Desvoyes B, Gutierrez C. Roles of plant retinoblastoma protein: cell cycle and beyond. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105802. [PMID: 32865261 PMCID: PMC7527812 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human retinoblastoma (RB1) protein is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates cell cycle progression through its interaction with members of the E2F/DP family of transcription factors. However, RB-related (RBR) proteins are an early acquisition during eukaryote evolution present in plant lineages, including unicellular algae, ancient plants (ferns, lycophytes, liverworts, mosses), gymnosperms, and angiosperms. The main RBR protein domains and interactions with E2Fs are conserved in all eukaryotes and not only regulate the G1/S transition but also the G2/M transition, as part of DREAM complexes. RBR proteins are also important for asymmetric cell division, stem cell maintenance, and the DNA damage response (DDR). RBR proteins play crucial roles at every developmental phase transition, in association with chromatin factors, as well as during the reproductive phase during female and male gametes production and embryo development. Here, we review the processes where plant RBR proteins play a role and discuss possible avenues of research to obtain a full picture of the multifunctional roles of RBR for plant life.
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Weng K, Li ZQ, Liu RQ, Wang L, Wang YJ, Xu Y. Transcriptome of Erysiphe necator-infected Vitis pseudoreticulata leaves provides insight into grapevine resistance to powdery mildew. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2014; 1:14049. [PMID: 26504551 PMCID: PMC4596327 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), which is caused by the pathogen Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burr., is the single most damaging disease of cultivated grapes (Vitis vinifera) worldwide. However, little is known about the transcriptional response of grapes to infection with PM. RNA-seq analysis was used for deep sequencing of the leaf transcriptome to study PM resistance in Chinese wild grapes (V. pseudoreticulata Baihe 35-1) to better understand the interaction between host and pathogen. Greater than 100 million (M) 90-nt cDNA reads were sequenced from a cDNA library derived from PM-infected leaves. Among the sequences obtained, 6541 genes were differentially expressed (DEG) and were annotated with Gene Ontology terms and by pathway enrichment. The significant categories that were identified included the following: defense, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) responses; systemic acquired resistance (SAR); hypersensitive response; plant-pathogen interaction; flavonoid biosynthesis; and plant hormone signal transduction. Various putative secretory proteins were identified, indicating potential defense responses to PM infection. In all, 318 putative R-genes and 183 putative secreted proteins were identified, including the defense-related R-genes BAK1, MRH1 and MLO3 and the defense-related secreted proteins GLP and PR5. The expression patterns of 16 genes were further illuminated by RT-qPCR. The present study identified several candidate genes and pathways that may contribute to PM resistance in grapes and illustrated that RNA-seq is a powerful tool for studying gene expression. The RT-qPCR results reveal that effective resistance responses of grapes to PM include enhancement of JA and SAR responses and accumulation of phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhi-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China.
| | - Rui-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yue-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, shanxi 712100, China.
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