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Moss A, Jang Y, Arvidson J, Wang H, D'Souza F. Highly Coupled Heterobicycle-Fused Porphyrin Dimers: Excitonic Coupling and Charge Separation with Coordinated Fullerene, C 60. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202289. [PMID: 36655889 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin dimers have been widely explored and studied owing to their importance in photosynthetic systems. A vast variety of dimers linked by different groups and at different angles have been synthesized and studied; however, the means by which to synthesize rigidly fused porphyrins with direct conjugation of the chromophores remains limited. Such a class of porphyrins may possess interesting properties that unconjugated or stacked dimers may not exhibit. In this study, bisbenzimidazole-fused porphyrin dimers and their mono- and bis-zinc derivatives are synthesized and characterized. As a consequence of excitonic coupling, these dimers exhibit a split Soret band irrespective of the metal ion in the porphyrin cavity. Steady-state fluorescence and excitation spectra followed by femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies of the heterometallated dimer, (free-base and zinc porphyrin) reveals the occurrence of efficient singlet-singlet energy transfer (>95 % efficiency and rate constant >1012 s-1 ) within the dyad. Further, donor-acceptor conjugates were formed by metal-ligand axial coordination of phenyl imidazole functionalized C60 and were characterized by a variety of physicochemical techniques. Excited state charge separation from both singlet and triplet excited states of ZnP in the conjugates has been established. The lifetime of the final charge-separated state was in the 30-40 μs range revealing charge stabilization. Interestingly, no charge separation in the conjugate derived from the heterometallated dimer was observed wherein excitation transfer dominated the process. The present study brings out the importance of the rigid π-spacer connecting porphyrin dimers in governing the energy and electron transfer events when coupled with an electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen Moss
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Jacob Arvidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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Wijerathne NK, Kumar M, Ulijn RV. Fmoc‐Dipeptide/Porphyrin Molar Ratio Dictates Energy Transfer Efficiency in Nanostructures Produced by Biocatalytic Co‐Assembly. Chemistry 2019; 25:11847-11851. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeesha K. Wijerathne
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York New York NY 10016 USA
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at the Graduate Center of the, City University of New York (CUNY) 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York (CUNY) Hunter College 695 Park Avenue New York 10065 USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at the Graduate Center of the, City University of New York (CUNY) 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York 10031 USA
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York New York NY 10016 USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York New York NY 10016 USA
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at the Graduate Center of the, City University of New York (CUNY) 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York (CUNY) Hunter College 695 Park Avenue New York 10065 USA
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3
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Adir N, Bar-Zvi S, Harris D. The amazing phycobilisome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148047. [PMID: 31306623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and red-algae share a common light-harvesting complex which is different than all other complexes that serve as photosynthetic antennas - the Phycobilisome (PBS). The PBS is found attached to the stromal side of thylakoid membranes, filling up most of the gap between individual thylakoids. The PBS self assembles from similar homologous protein units that are soluble and contain conserved cysteine residues that covalently bind the light absorbing chromophores, linear tetra-pyrroles. Using similar construction principles, the PBS can be as large as 16.8 MDa (68×45×39nm), as small as 1.2 MDa (24 × 11.5 × 11.5 nm), and in some unique cases smaller still. The PBS can absorb light between 450 nm to 650 nm and in some cases beyond 700 nm, depending on the species, its composition and assembly. In this review, we will present new observations and structures that expand our understanding of the distinctive properties that make the PBS an amazing light harvesting system. At the end we will suggest why the PBS, for all of its excellent properties, was discarded by photosynthetic organisms that arose later in evolution such as green algae and higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Shira Bar-Zvi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dvir Harris
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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4
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Son G, Lee SH, Wang D, Park CB. Thioflavin T-Amyloid Hybrid Nanostructure for Biocatalytic Photosynthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801396. [PMID: 30198161 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidogenic peptides can self-assemble into highly ordered nanostructures consisting of cross β-sheet-rich networks that exhibit unique physicochemical properties and high stability. Light-harvesting amyloid nanofibrils are constructed by employing insulin as a building block and thioflavin T (ThT) as a amyloid-specific photosensitizer. The ability of the self-assembled amyloid scaffold to accommodate and align ThT in high density on its surface allows for efficient energy transfer from the chromophores to the catalytic units in a similar way to natural photosystems. Insulin nanofibrils significantly enhance the photoactivity of ThT by inhibiting nonradiative conformational relaxation around the central CC bonds and narrowing the distance between ThT molecules that are bound to the β-sheet-rich amyloid structure. It is demonstrated that the ThT-amyloid hybrid nanostructure is suitable for biocatalytic solar-to-chemical conversion by integrating the light-harvesting amyloid module (for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration) with a redox biocatalytic module (for enzymatic reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyeong Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sener M, Strumpfer J, Singharoy A, Hunter CN, Schulten K. Overall energy conversion efficiency of a photosynthetic vesicle. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27564854 PMCID: PMC5001839 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatophore of purple bacteria is an intracellular spherical vesicle that exists in numerous copies in the cell and that efficiently converts sunlight into ATP synthesis, operating typically under low light conditions. Building on an atomic-level structural model of a low-light-adapted chromatophore vesicle from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, we investigate the cooperation between more than a hundred protein complexes in the vesicle. The steady-state ATP production rate as a function of incident light intensity is determined after identifying quinol turnover at the cytochrome bc1 complex (cytbc1) as rate limiting and assuming that the quinone/quinol pool of about 900 molecules acts in a quasi-stationary state. For an illumination condition equivalent to 1% of full sunlight, the vesicle exhibits an ATP production rate of 82 ATP molecules/s. The energy conversion efficiency of ATP synthesis at illuminations corresponding to 1%–5% of full sunlight is calculated to be 0.12–0.04, respectively. The vesicle stoichiometry, evolutionarily adapted to the low light intensities in the habitat of purple bacteria, is suboptimal for steady-state ATP turnover for the benefit of protection against over-illumination. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09541.001 Photosynthesis, or the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, is a process that powers almost all life on Earth. Plants and certain bacteria share similar processes to perform photosynthesis, though the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides uses a photosynthetic system that is much less complex than that in plants. Light harvesting inside the bacterium takes place in up to hundreds of compartments called chromatophores. Each chromatophore in turn contains hundreds of cooperating proteins that together absorb the energy of sunlight and convert and store it in molecules of ATP, the universal energy currency of all cells. The chromatophore of primitive purple bacteria provides a model for more complex photosynthetic systems in plants. Though researchers had characterized its individual components over the years, less was known about the overall architecture of the chromatophore and how its many components work together to harvest light energy efficiently and robustly. This knowledge would provide insight into the evolutionary pressures that shaped the chromatophore and its ability to work efficiently at different light intensities. Sener et al. now present a highly detailed structural model of the chromatophore of purple bacteria based on the findings of earlier studies. The model features the position of every atom of the constituent proteins and is used to examine how energy is transferred and converted. Sener et al. describe the sequence of energy conversion steps and calculate the overall energy conversion efficiency, namely how much of the light energy arriving at the microorganism is stored as ATP. These calculations show that the chromatophore is optimized to produce chemical energy at low light levels typical of purple bacterial habitats, and dissipate excess energy to avoid being damaged under brighter light. The chromatophore’s architecture also displays robustness against perturbations of its components. In the future, the approach used by Sener et al. to describe light harvesting in this bacterial compartment can be applied to more complex systems, such as those in plants. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09541.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Sener
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Johan Strumpfer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.,Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.,Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
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6
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Exploiting lipopolysaccharide-induced deformation of lipid bilayers to modify membrane composition and generate two-dimensional geometric membrane array patterns. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10331. [PMID: 26015293 PMCID: PMC4444833 DOI: 10.1038/srep10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers have proven effective as model membranes for investigating biophysical processes and in development of sensor and array technologies. The ability to modify lipid bilayers after their formation and in situ could greatly advance membrane technologies, but is difficult via current state-of-the-art technologies. Here we demonstrate a novel method that allows the controlled post-formation processing and modification of complex supported lipid bilayer arrangements, under aqueous conditions. We exploit the destabilization effect of lipopolysaccharide, an amphiphilic biomolecule, interacting with lipid bilayers to generate voids that can be backfilled to introduce desired membrane components. We further demonstrate that when used in combination with a single, traditional soft lithography process, it is possible to generate hierarchically-organized membrane domains and microscale 2-D array patterns of domains. Significantly, this technique can be used to repeatedly modify membranes allowing iterative control over membrane composition. This approach expands our toolkit for functional membrane design, with potential applications for enhanced materials templating, biosensing and investigating lipid-membrane processes.
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7
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Chandler DE, Strümpfer J, Sener M, Scheuring S, Schulten K. Light harvesting by lamellar chromatophores in Rhodospirillum photometricum. Biophys J 2015; 106:2503-10. [PMID: 24896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple photosynthetic bacteria harvest light using pigment-protein complexes which are often arranged in pseudo-organelles called chromatophores. A model of a chromatophore from Rhodospirillum photometricum was constructed based on atomic force microscopy data. Molecular-dynamics simulations and quantum-dynamics calculations were performed to characterize the intercomplex excitation transfer network and explore the interplay between close-packing and light-harvesting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Chandler
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Johan Strümpfer
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Melih Sener
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Simon Scheuring
- U1006 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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8
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Tal O, Trabelcy B, Gerchman Y, Adir N. Investigation of phycobilisome subunit interaction interfaces by coupled cross-linking and mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33084-97. [PMID: 25296757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is an extremely large light-harvesting complex, common in cyanobacteria and red algae, composed of rods and core substructures. These substructures are assembled from chromophore-bearing phycocyanin and allophycocyanin subunits, nonpigmented linker proteins and in some cases additional subunits. To date, despite the determination of crystal structures of isolated PBS components, critical questions regarding the interaction and energy flow between rods and core are still unresolved. Additionally, the arrangement of minor PBS components located inside the core cylinders is unknown. Different models of the general architecture of the PBS have been proposed, based on low resolution images from electron microscopy or high resolution crystal structures of isolated components. This work presents a model of the assembly of the rods onto the core arrangement and for the positions of inner core components, based on cross-linking and mass spectrometry analysis of isolated, functional intact Thermosynechococcus vulcanus PBS, as well as functional cross-linked adducts. The experimental results were utilized to predict potential docking interactions of different protein pairs. Combining modeling and cross-linking results, we identify specific interactions within the PBS subcomponents that enable us to suggest possible functional interactions between the chromophores of the rods and the core and improve our understanding of the assembly, structure, and function of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Tal
- From the Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel and
| | - Beny Trabelcy
- the Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa at Oranim, 36006 Tivon, Israel
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- the Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa at Oranim, 36006 Tivon, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- From the Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel and
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9
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Pishchalnikov RY, Razjivin AP. From localized excited States to excitons: changing of conceptions of primary photosynthetic processes in the twentieth century. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:242-50. [PMID: 24821451 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A short description of two theories of the primary photosynthetic processes is given. Generally accepted in 1950s-1990s, the localized excited states theory has been changed to the modern exciton theory. Appearance of the new experimental data and the light-harvesting complex crystal structure are reasons why the exciton theory has become important. The bulk of data for the old theory and outstanding experiments that have been the driving force for a new theory are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Pishchalnikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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10
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Forman CJ, Wang N, Yang ZY, Mowat CG, Jarvis S, Durkan C, Barker PD. Probing the location of displayed cytochrome b562 on amyloid by scanning tunnelling microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:175102. [PMID: 23571459 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/17/175102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibres displaying cytochrome b562 were probed using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) in vacuo. The cytochromes are electron transfer proteins containing a haem cofactor and could, in principle, mediate electron transfer between the tip and the gold substrate. If the core fibres were insulating and electron transfer within the 3D haem network was detected, then the electron transport properties of the fibre could be controlled by genetic engineering. Three kinds of STM images were obtained. At a low bias (<1.5 V) the fibres appeared as regions of low conductivity with no evidence of cytochrome mediated electron transfer. At a high bias, stable peaks in tunnelling current were observed for all three fibre species containing haem and one species of fibre that did not contain haem. In images of this kind, some of the current peaks were collinear and spaced around 10 nm apart over ranges longer than 100 nm, but background monomers complicate interpretation. Images of the third kind were rare (1 in 150 fibres); in these, fully conducting structures with the approximate dimensions of fibres were observed, suggesting the possibility of an intermittent conduction mechanism, for which a precedent exists in DNA. To test the conductivity, some fibres were immobilized with sputtered gold, and no evidence of conduction between the grains of gold was seen. In control experiments, a variation of monomeric cytochrome b562 was not detected by STM, which was attributed to low adhesion, whereas a monomeric multi-haem protein, GSU1996, was readily imaged. We conclude that the fibre superstructure may be intermittently conducting, that the cytochromes have been seen within the fibres and that they are too far apart for detectable current flow between sites to occur. We predict that GSU1996, being 10 nm long, is more likely to mediate successful electron transfer along the fibre as well as being more readily detectable when displayed from amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Forman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Lee SH, Kim JH, Park CB. Coupling Photocatalysis and Redox Biocatalysis Toward Biocatalyzed Artificial Photosynthesis. Chemistry 2013; 19:4392-406. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Forman CJ, Nickson AA, Anthony-Cahill SJ, Baldwin AJ, Kaggwa G, Feber U, Sheikh K, Jarvis SP, Barker PD. The morphology of decorated amyloid fibers is controlled by the conformation and position of the displayed protein. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1332-1346. [PMID: 22276813 DOI: 10.1021/nn204140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled structures capable of mediating electron transfer are an attractive scientific and technological goal. Therefore, systematic variants of SH3-Cytochrome b(562) fusion proteins were designed to make amyloid fibers displaying heme-b(562) electron transfer complexes. TEM and AFM data show that fiber morphology responds systematically to placement of b(562) within the fusion proteins. UV-vis spectroscopy shows that, for the fusion proteins under test, only half the fiber-borne b(562) binds heme with high affinity. Cofactor binding also improves the AFM imaging properties and changes the fiber morphology through changes in cytochrome conformation. Systematic observations and measurements of fiber geometry suggest that longitudinal registry of subfilaments within the fiber, mediated by the interaction and conformation of the displayed proteins and their interaction with surfaces, gives rise to the observed morphologies, including defects and kinks. Of most interest is the role of small molecule modulation of fiber structure and mechanical stability. A minimum complexity model is proposed to capture and explain the fiber morphology in the light of these results. Understanding the complex interplay between these factors will enable a fiber design that supports longitudinal electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Forman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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13
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Şener M, Strümpfer J, Hsin J, Chandler D, Scheuring S, Hunter CN, Schulten K. Förster energy transfer theory as reflected in the structures of photosynthetic light-harvesting systems. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:518-31. [PMID: 21344591 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Förster’s theory of resonant energy transfer underlies a fundamental process in nature, namely the harvesting of sunlight by photosynthetic life forms. The theoretical framework developed by Förster and others describes how electronic excitation migrates in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, algae, and bacteria from light absorbing pigments to reaction centers where light energy is utilized for the eventual conversion into chemical energy. The demand for highest possible efficiency of light harvesting appears to have shaped the evolution of photosynthetic species from bacteria to plants which, despite a great variation in architecture, display common structural themes founded on the quantum physics of energy transfer as described first by Förster. Herein, Förster’s theory of excitation transfer is summarized, including recent extensions, and the relevance of the theory to photosynthetic systems as evolved in purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plants is demonstrated. Förster’s energy transfer formula, as used widely today in many fields of science, is also derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Şener
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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14
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Assembly of the water-oxidizing complex in photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:204-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Cohen-Ofri I, van Gastel M, Grzyb J, Brandis A, Pinkas I, Lubitz W, Noy D. Zinc-Bacteriochlorophyllide Dimers in de Novo Designed Four-Helix Bundle Proteins. A Model System for Natural Light Energy Harvesting and Dissipation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9526-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202054m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilit Cohen-Ofri
- Plant Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max Planck Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Plant Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Plant Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Plant Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dror Noy
- Plant Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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16
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Şener M, Strümpfer J, Timney JA, Freiberg A, Hunter CN, Schulten K. Photosynthetic vesicle architecture and constraints on efficient energy harvesting. Biophys J 2010; 99:67-75. [PMID: 20655834 PMCID: PMC2895385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic chromatophore vesicles found in some purple bacteria constitute one of the simplest light-harvesting systems in nature. The overall architecture of chromatophore vesicles and the structural integration of vesicle function remain poorly understood despite structural information being available on individual constituent proteins. An all-atom structural model for an entire chromatophore vesicle is presented, which improves upon earlier models by taking into account the stoichiometry of core and antenna complexes determined by the absorption spectrum of intact vesicles in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, as well as the well-established curvature-inducing properties of the dimeric core complex. The absorption spectrum of low-light-adapted vesicles is shown to correspond to a light-harvesting-complex 2 to reaction center ratio of 3:1. A structural model for a vesicle consistent with this stoichiometry is developed and used in the computation of excitonic properties. Considered also is the packing density of antenna and core complexes that is high enough for efficient energy transfer and low enough for quinone diffusion from reaction centers to cytochrome bc(1) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Şener
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Johan Strümpfer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - John A. Timney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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17
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Easun TL, Alsindi WZ, Deppermann N, Towrie M, Ronayne KL, Sun XZ, Ward MD, George MW. Luminescence and Time-Resolved Infrared Study of Dyads Containing (Diimine)Ru(4,4′-diethylamido-2,2′-bipyridine)2 and (Diimine)Ru(CN)4 Moieties: Solvent-Induced Reversal of the Direction of Photoinduced Energy-Transfer. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:8759-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900924w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Easun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Wassim Z. Alsindi
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nina Deppermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Kate L. Ronayne
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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18
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Easun TL, Alsindi WZ, Towrie M, Ronayne KL, Sun XZ, Ward MD, George MW. Photoinduced Energy Transfer in a Conformationally Flexible Re(I)/Ru(II) Dyad Probed by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy: Effects of Conformation and Spatial Localization of Excited States. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:5071-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702005w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Easun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Wassim Z. Alsindi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Kate L. Ronayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
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