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Lu C, Dong W, Zou Y, Wang Z, Tan J, Bai X, Ma N, Ge Y, Zhao Q, Xu X. Direct Z-Scheme SnSe 2/SnSe Heterostructure Passivated by Al 2O 3 for Highly Stable and Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6156-6168. [PMID: 36669150 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To mimic the natural photosynthesis system, a Z-scheme heterostructure is proposed as a viable and effective strategy for efficient solar energy utilization such as photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to the high carrier separation efficiency, fast charge transport, strong redox, and wide light absorption. However, it remains a huge challenge to form a direct Z-scheme heterostructure due to the internal electric-field restriction and vital band-alignment at the interface. Herein, the van der Waals heterostructure based on the allotrope SnSe2 and SnSe is designed and synthesized by a two-step vapor phase deposition method to overcome the limitation in the formation of the Z-scheme heterostructure for the first time. The Z-scheme heterostructure of SnSe2/SnSe is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, PEC measurement, density functional theory calculations, and water splitting. Strikingly, the PEC photodetectors based on the Z-scheme heterostructure show a synergistic effect of superior stability from SnSe and fast photoresponse from SnSe2. As such, the SnSe2/SnSe Z-scheme heterostructure shows a good photodetection performance in the ultraviolet to visible wavelength range. Furthermore, the photodetector shows a faster response/recovery time of 13/14 ms, a higher photosensitivity of 529.13 μA/W, and a higher detectivity of 4.94 × 109 Jones at 475 nm compared with those of single components. Furthermore, the photodetection stability of the SnSe2/SnSe is also greatly improved by a-thin-Al2O3-layer passivation. The results imply the promising rational design of a direct Z-scheme heterostructure with efficient charge transfer for high performance of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Lu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wen Dong
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yongqiang Zou
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zeyun Wang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiayu Tan
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xing Bai
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanqing Ge
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts &Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Conlan B, Messinger J. Thomas John Wydrzynski (8 July 1947-16 March 2018). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:253-261. [PMID: 30478710 PMCID: PMC6509086 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With this Tribute, we remember and honor Thomas John (Tom) Wydrzynski. Tom was a highly innovative, independent and committed researcher, who had, early in his career, defined his life-long research goal. He was committed to understand how Photosystem II produces molecular oxygen from water, using the energy of sunlight, and to apply this knowledge towards making artificial systems. In this tribute, we summarize his research journey, which involved working on 'soft money' in several laboratories around the world for many years, as well as his research achievements. We also reflect upon his approach to life, science and student supervision, as we perceive it. Tom was not only a thoughtful scientist that inspired many to enter this field of research, but also a wonderful supervisor and friend, who is deeply missed (see footnote*).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Conlan
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian Capital Territory, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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Hingorani K, Pace R, Whitney S, Murray JW, Smith P, Cheah MH, Wydrzynski T, Hillier W. Photo-oxidation of tyrosine in a bio-engineered bacterioferritin 'reaction centre'-a protein model for artificial photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1821-34. [PMID: 25107631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic reaction centre (RC) is central to the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy and is a model for bio-mimetic engineering approaches to this end. We describe bio-engineering of a Photosystem II (PSII) RC inspired peptide model, building on our earlier studies. A non-photosynthetic haem containing bacterioferritin (BFR) from Escherichia coli that expresses as a homodimer was used as a protein scaffold, incorporating redox-active cofactors mimicking those of PSII. Desirable properties include: a di-nuclear metal binding site which provides ligands for bivalent metals, a hydrophobic pocket at the dimer interface which can bind a photosensitive porphyrin and presence of tyrosine residues proximal to the bound cofactors, which can be utilised as efficient electron-tunnelling intermediates. Light-induced electron transfer from proximal tyrosine residues to the photo-oxidised ZnCe6(•+), in the modified BFR reconstituted with both ZnCe6 and Mn(II), is presented. Three site-specific tyrosine variants (Y25F, Y58F and Y45F) were made to localise the redox-active tyrosine in the engineered system. The results indicate that: presence of bound Mn(II) is necessary to observe tyrosine oxidation in all BFR variants; Y45 the most important tyrosine as an immediate electron donor to the oxidised ZnCe6(•+) and that Y25 and Y58 are both redox-active in this system, but appear to function interchangebaly. High-resolution (2.1Å) crystal structures of the tyrosine variants show that there are no mutation-induced effects on the overall 3-D structure of the protein. Small effects are observed in the Y45F variant. Here, the BFR-RC represents a protein model for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kastoori Hingorani
- Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Ron Pace
- Building 137, Sullivans Creek Road, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Spencer Whitney
- Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - James W Murray
- 724 Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington Campus, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Smith
- Building 137, Sullivans Creek Road, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Mun Hon Cheah
- Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Tom Wydrzynski
- Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Warwick Hillier
- Building 134, Linnaeus Way, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
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DePaoli HC, Borland AM, Tuskan GA, Cushman JC, Yang X. Synthetic biology as it relates to CAM photosynthesis: challenges and opportunities. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3381-93. [PMID: 24567493 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To meet future food and energy security needs, which are amplified by increasing population growth and reduced natural resource availability, metabolic engineering efforts have moved from manipulating single genes/proteins to introducing multiple genes and novel pathways to improve photosynthetic efficiency in a more comprehensive manner. Biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanisms such as crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), which improves photosynthetic, water-use, and possibly nutrient-use efficiency, represent a strategic target for synthetic biology to engineer more productive C3 crops for a warmer and drier world. One key challenge for introducing multigene traits like CAM onto a background of C3 photosynthesis is to gain a better understanding of the dynamic spatial and temporal regulatory events that underpin photosynthetic metabolism. With the aid of systems and computational biology, vast amounts of experimental data encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics can be related in a network to create dynamic models. Such models can undergo simulations to discover key regulatory elements in metabolism and suggest strategic substitution or augmentation by synthetic components to improve photosynthetic performance and water-use efficiency in C3 crops. Another key challenge in the application of synthetic biology to photosynthesis research is to develop efficient systems for multigene assembly and stacking. Here, we review recent progress in computational modelling as applied to plant photosynthesis, with attention to the requirements for CAM, and recent advances in synthetic biology tool development. Lastly, we discuss possible options for multigene pathway construction in plants with an emphasis on CAM-into-C3 engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique C DePaoli
- BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Anne M Borland
- BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS330, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
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Voloshchuk R, Gryko DT, Chotkowski M, Ciuciu AI, Flamigni L. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in an Amine-Corrole-Perylene Bisimide Assembly: Charge Separation over Terminal Components Favoured by Solvent Polarity. Chemistry 2012; 18:14845-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yun HJ, Lee H, Kim ND, Lee DM, Yu S, Yi J. A combination of two visible-light responsive photocatalysts for achieving the Z-scheme in the solid state. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4084-4090. [PMID: 21500836 DOI: 10.1021/nn2006738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The light reaction in natural photosynthesis is generally recognized as one of the most efficient mechanisms for converting solar energy into other energy sources. We report herein on a novel strategy for generating H(2) fuel via an artificial Z-scheme mechanism by mimicking the natural photosynthesis that occurs in green plants. Designing a desirable photocatalyst by mimicking the Z-scheme mechanism leads to a conduction band that is sufficiently high to reduce protons, thus decreasing the probability of charge recombination. We combined two visible light sensitive photocatalysts, CdS and carbon-doped TiO(2), with different band structures. The used of this combination, that is, CdS/Au/TiO(1.96)C(0.04), resulted in the successful transfer of photogenerated electrons to a higher energy level in the form of the letter 'Z'. The system produced about a 4 times higher amount of H(2) under irradiation by visible light than CdS/Au/TiO(2). The findings reported herein describe an innovative route to harvesting energy by mimicking natural photosynthesis, and is independent of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jin Yun
- World Class University Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, Institute of Chemical Processes, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, Republic of Korea
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Koshiyama T, Shirai M, Hikage T, Tabe H, Tanaka K, Kitagawa S, Ueno T. Post-Crystal Engineering of Zinc-Substituted Myoglobin to Construct a Long-Lived Photoinduced Charge-Separation System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Koshiyama T, Shirai M, Hikage T, Tabe H, Tanaka K, Kitagawa S, Ueno T. Post-crystal engineering of zinc-substituted myoglobin to construct a long-lived photoinduced charge-separation system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4849-52. [PMID: 21495132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Koshiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University iCeMS Lab Funai Center, Kyoto University Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Williamson A, Conlan B, Hillier W, Wydrzynski T. The evolution of Photosystem II: insights into the past and future. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 107:71-86. [PMID: 20512415 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article attempts to address the molecular origin of Photosystem II (PSII), the central component in oxygenic photosynthesis. It discusses the possible evolution of the relevant cofactors needed for splitting water into molecular O2 with respect to the following functional domains in PSII: the reaction center (RC), the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), and the manganese stabilizing protein (MSP). Possible ancestral sources of the relevant cofactors are considered, as are scenarios of how these components may have been brought together to produce the intermediate steps in the evolution of PSII. Most importantly, the driving forces that maintained these intermediates for continued adaptation are considered. We then apply our understanding of the evolution of PSII to the bioengineering of a water oxidizing catalyst for utilization of solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Williamson
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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Engineering of an alternative electron transfer path in photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:9650-5. [PMID: 20457933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000187107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial steps of oxygenic photosynthetic electron transfer occur within photosystem II, an intricate pigment/protein transmembrane complex. Light-driven electron transfer occurs within a multistep pathway that is efficiently insulated from competing electron transfer pathways. The heart of the electron transfer system, composed of six linearly coupled redox active cofactors that enable electron transfer from water to the secondary quinone acceptor Q(B), is mainly embedded within two proteins called D1 and D2. We have identified a site in silico, poised in the vicinity of the Q(A) intermediate quinone acceptor, which could serve as a potential binding site for redox active proteins. Here we show that modification of Lysine 238 of the D1 protein to glutamic acid (Glu) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, results in a strain that grows photautotrophically. The Glu thylakoid membranes are able to perform light-dependent reduction of exogenous cytochrome c with water as the electron donor. Cytochrome c photoreduction by the Glu mutant was also shown to significantly protect the D1 protein from photodamage when isolated thylakoid membranes were illuminated. We have therefore engineered a novel electron transfer pathway from water to a soluble protein electron carrier without harming the normal function of photosystem II.
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Conlan B, Cox N, Su JH, Hillier W, Messinger J, Lubitz W, Dutton PL, Wydrzynski T. Photo-catalytic oxidation of a di-nuclear manganese centre in an engineered bacterioferritin ‘reaction centre’. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:1112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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