1
|
Kushkevych I, Procházka V, Vítězová M, Dordević D, Abd El-Salam M, Rittmann SKMR. Anoxygenic photosynthesis with emphasis on green sulfur bacteria and a perspective for hydrogen sulfide detoxification of anoxic environments. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1417714. [PMID: 39056005 PMCID: PMC11269200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1417714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial light-dependent energy metabolism can be divided into two types: oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bacterial oxygenic photosynthesis is similar to plants and is characteristic for cyanobacteria. Bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis is performed by anoxygenic phototrophs, especially green sulfur bacteria (GSB; family Chlorobiaceae) and purple sulfur bacteria (PSB; family Chromatiaceae). In anoxygenic photosynthesis, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is used as the main electron donor, which differs from plants or cyanobacteria where water is the main source of electrons. This review mainly focuses on the microbiology of GSB, which may be found in water or soil ecosystems where H2S is abundant. GSB oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur. GSB possess special structures-chlorosomes-wherein photosynthetic pigments are located. Chlorosomes are vesicles that are surrounded by a lipid monolayer that serve as light-collecting antennas. The carbon source of GSB is carbon dioxide, which is assimilated through the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our review provides a thorough introduction to the comparative eco-physiology of GSB and discusses selected application possibilities of anoxygenic phototrophs in the fields of environmental management, bioremediation, and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kushkevych
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vít Procházka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Monika Vítězová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dani Dordević
- Department of Plant Origin Foodstuffs Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Salam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ward LM, Idei A, Terajima S, Kakegawa T, Fischer WW, McGlynn SE. Microbial diversity and iron oxidation at Okuoku-hachikurou Onsen, a Japanese hot spring analog of Precambrian iron formations. GEOBIOLOGY 2017; 15:817-835. [PMID: 29035022 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Banded iron formations (BIFs) are rock deposits common in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic (and regionally Neoproterozoic) sedimentary successions. Multiple hypotheses for their deposition exist, principally invoking the precipitation of iron via the metabolic activities of oxygenic, photoferrotrophic, and/or aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Some isolated environments support chemistry and mineralogy analogous to processes involved in BIF deposition, and their study can aid in untangling the factors that lead to iron precipitation. One such process analog system occurs at Okuoku-hachikurou (OHK) Onsen in Akita Prefecture, Japan. OHK is an iron- and CO2 -rich, circumneutral hot spring that produces a range of precipitated mineral textures containing fine laminae of aragonite and iron oxides that resemble BIF fabrics. Here, we have performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of microbial communities across the range of microenvironments in OHK to describe the microbial diversity present and to gain insight into the cycling of iron, oxygen, and carbon in this ecosystem. These analyses suggest that productivity at OHK is based on aerobic iron-oxidizing Gallionellaceae. In contrast to other BIF analog sites, Cyanobacteria, anoxygenic phototrophs, and iron-reducing micro-organisms are present at only low abundances. These observations support a hypothesis where low growth yields and the high stoichiometry of iron oxidized per carbon fixed by aerobic iron-oxidizing chemoautotrophs like Gallionellaceae result in accumulation of iron oxide phases without stoichiometric buildup of organic matter. This system supports little dissimilatory iron reduction, further setting OHK apart from other process analog sites where iron oxidation is primarily driven by phototrophic organisms. This positions OHK as a study area where the controls on primary productivity in iron-rich environments can be further elucidated. When compared with geological data, the metabolisms and mineralogy at OHK are most similar to specific BIF occurrences deposited after the Great Oxygenation Event, and generally discordant with those that accumulated before it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Ward
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A Idei
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Terajima
- Department of Geosciences, Tohoku University, Sendai City, Japan
| | - T Kakegawa
- Department of Geosciences, Tohoku University, Sendai City, Japan
| | - W W Fischer
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S E McGlynn
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metagenomic analysis reveals a green sulfur bacterium as a potential coral symbiont. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9320. [PMID: 28839161 PMCID: PMC5571212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are ecologically significant habitats. Coral-algal symbiosis confers ecological success on coral reefs and coral-microbial symbiosis is also vital to coral reefs. However, current understanding of coral-microbial symbiosis on a genomic scale is largely unknown. Here we report a potential microbial symbiont in corals revealed by metagenomics-based genomic study. Microbial cells in coral were enriched for metagenomic analysis and a high-quality draft genome of “Candidatus Prosthecochloris korallensis” was recovered by metagenome assembly and genome binning. Phylogenetic analysis shows “Ca. P. korallensis” belongs to the Prosthecochloris clade and is clustered with two Prosthecochloris clones derived from Caribbean corals. Genomic analysis reveals “Ca. P. korallensis” has potentially important ecological functions including anoxygenic photosynthesis, carbon fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, nitrogen fixation, and sulfur oxidization. Core metabolic pathway analysis suggests “Ca. P. korallensis” is a green sulfur bacterium capable of photoautotrophy or mixotrophy. Potential host-microbial interaction reveals a symbiotic relationship: “Ca. P. korallensis” might provide organic and nitrogenous nutrients to its host and detoxify sulfide for the host; the host might provide “Ca. P. korallensis” with an anaerobic environment for survival, carbon dioxide and acetate for growth, and hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor for photosynthesis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Genome Sequence of Prosthecochloris sp. Strain HL-130-GSB from the Phylum Chlorobi. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/24/e00538-17. [PMID: 28619807 PMCID: PMC5473276 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00538-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the green sulfur bacterium Prosthecochloris sp. strain HL-130-GSB, isolated from a cyanobacterial mat obtained from Hot Lake, a saline meromictic lake in Washington, USA, comprises 2,437,774 bp in a single contig. The genome is predicted to encode 2,565 proteins and contain 47 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA operons.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tourova TP, Kovaleva OL, Gorlenko VM, Ivanovsky RN. Use of genes of carbon metabolism enzymes as molecular markers of Chlorobi phylum representatives. Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
6
|
Lunina ON, Savvichev AS, Kuznetsov BB, Pimenov NV, Gorlenko VM. Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria of the Kislo-Sladkoe stratified lake (White Sea, Kandalaksha Bay). Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
7
|
Tang KH, Tang YJ, Blankenship RE. Carbon metabolic pathways in phototrophic bacteria and their broader evolutionary implications. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:165. [PMID: 21866228 PMCID: PMC3149686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the biological process that converts solar energy to biomass, bio-products, and biofuel. It is the only major natural solar energy storage mechanism on Earth. To satisfy the increased demand for sustainable energy sources and identify the mechanism of photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which is one of the bottlenecks in photosynthesis, it is essential to understand the process of solar energy storage and associated carbon metabolism in photosynthetic organisms. Researchers have employed physiological studies, microbiological chemistry, enzyme assays, genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and (13)C-based metabolomics/fluxomics to investigate central carbon metabolism and enzymes that operate in phototrophs. In this report, we review diverse CO(2) assimilation pathways, acetate assimilation, carbohydrate catabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and some key, and/or unconventional enzymes in central carbon metabolism of phototrophic microorganisms. We also discuss the reducing equivalent flow during photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth, evolutionary links in the central carbon metabolic network, and correlations between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. Considering the metabolic versatility in these fascinating and diverse photosynthetic bacteria, many essential questions in their central carbon metabolism still remain to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Tang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yinjie J. Tang
- Department of Energy, Environment, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Eugene Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mizoguchi T, Yoshitomi T, Harada J, Tamiaki H. Temperature- and Time-Dependent Changes in the Structure and Composition of Glycolipids during the Growth of the Green Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Biochemistry 2011; 50:4504-12. [DOI: 10.1021/bi2002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Mizoguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Taichi Yoshitomi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jiro Harada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|