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Chen J, Guo Y, Tan J. Dynamic Analysis of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Response to Time-Variant Excitations during Strong Actinic Illumination and Application in Probing Plant Water Loss. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0151. [PMID: 38370572 PMCID: PMC10870241 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Magnitude measurement of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) involves challenges, and dynamic responses to variable excitations may offer an alternative. In this research, ChlF was measured during strong actinic light by using a pseudo-random binary sequence as a time-variant multiple-frequency illumination excitation. The responses were observed in the time domain but were primarily analyzed in the frequency domain in terms of amplitude gain variations. The excitation amplitude was varied, and moisture loss was used to induce changes in the plant samples for further analysis. The results show that when nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) activities start, the amplitude of ChlF responses vary, making the ChlF responses to illumination excitations nonlinear and nonstationary. NPQ influences the ChlF responses in low frequencies, most notably below 0.03 rad/s. The low-frequency gain is linearly correlated with NPQ and can thus be used as a reference to compensate for the variations in ChlF measurements. The high-frequency amplitude gain showed a stronger correlation with moisture loss after correction with the low-frequency gain. This work demonstrates the usefulness of dynamic characteristics in broadening the applications of ChlF measurements in plant analysis and offers a way to mitigate variabilities in ChlF measurements during strong actinic illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ya Guo
- School of IOT,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Zaytseva A, Chekanov K, Zaytsev P, Bakhareva D, Gorelova O, Kochkin D, Lobakova E. Sunscreen Effect Exerted by Secondary Carotenoids and Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the Aeroterrestrial Chlorophyte Coelastrella rubescens under High Light and UV-A Irradiation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122601. [PMID: 34961072 PMCID: PMC8704241 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Coelastrella rubescens dwells in habitats with excessive solar irradiation; consequently, it must accumulate diverse compounds to protect itself. We characterized the array of photoprotective compounds in C. rubescens. Toward this goal, we exposed the cells to high fluxes of visible light and UV-A and analyzed the ability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic extracts from the cells to absorb radiation. Potential light-screening compounds were profiled by thin layer chromatography and UPLC-MS. Coelastrella accumulated diverse carotenoids that absorbed visible light in the blue-green part of the spectrum and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) that absorbed the UV-A. It is the first report on the occurrence of MAA in Coelastrella. Two new MAA, named coelastrin A and coelastrin B, were identified. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the development of hydrophobic subcompartments under the high light and UV-A exposition. We also evaluate and discuss sporopollenin-like compounds in the cell wall and autophagy-like processes as the possible reason for the decrease in sunlight absorption by cells, in addition to inducible sunscreen accumulation. The results suggested that C. rubescens NAMSU R1 accumulates a broad range of valuable photoprotective compounds in response to UV-A and visible light irradiation, which indicates this strain as a potential producer for biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaytseva
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (D.B.); (O.G.); (E.L.)
| | - Konstantin Chekanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (D.B.); (O.G.); (E.L.)
- Centre for Humanities Research and Technology, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoye Highway, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Petr Zaytsev
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (D.B.); (O.G.); (E.L.)
- N.N. Semyonov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Bakhareva
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (D.B.); (O.G.); (E.L.)
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (D.B.); (O.G.); (E.L.)
| | - Dmitry Kochkin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Lobakova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (P.Z.); (D.B.); (O.G.); (E.L.)
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Burlacot A, Burlacot F, Li-Beisson Y, Peltier G. Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Tool for Algal Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1302. [PMID: 33013952 PMCID: PMC7500362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the first great oxygenation event, photosynthetic microorganisms have continuously shaped the Earth's atmosphere. Studying biological mechanisms involved in the interaction between microalgae and cyanobacteria with the Earth's atmosphere requires the monitoring of gas exchange. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) has been developed in the early 1960s to study gas exchange mechanisms of photosynthetic cells. It has since played an important role in investigating various cellular processes that involve gaseous compounds (O2, CO2, NO, or H2) and in characterizing enzymatic activities in vitro or in vivo. With the development of affordable mass spectrometers, MIMS is gaining wide popularity and is now used by an increasing number of laboratories. However, it still requires an important theory and practical considerations to be used. Here, we provide a practical guide describing the current technical basis of a MIMS setup and the general principles of data processing. We further review how MIMS can be used to study various aspects of algal research and discuss how MIMS will be useful in addressing future scientific challenges.
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Non-photochemical quenching in the cells of the carotenogenic chlorophyte Haematococcus lacustris under favorable conditions and under stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1429-1442. [PMID: 31075358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microalga Haematococcus lacustris (formerly H. pluvialis) is the richest source of the valuable pigment astaxanthin, accumulated in red aplanospores (haematocysts). In this work, we report on the photoprotective mechanisms in H. lacustris, conveying this microalga its ability to cope with a wide range of adverse conditions, with special emphasis put on non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited chlorophyll states. We studied the changes in the primary photochemistry of the photosystems (PS) as a function of irradiance and the physiological state. We leveraged the transcriptomic data to gain a deeper insight into possible NPQ mechanisms in this microalga. Peculiar to H. lacustris is a bi-phasic pattern of changes in photoprotection during haematocyst formation. The first phase coincides with a transient rise of photosynthetic activity. Based on transcriptomic data, high NPQ level in the first phase is maintained predominantly by the expression of PsbS and LhcsR proteins. Then, (in mature haematocysts), stress tolerance is achieved by optical shielding by astaxanthin and dramatic reduction of photosynthetic apparatus. In contrast to many microalgae, shielding plays an important role in H. lacistris haematocysts, whereas regulated NPQ is suppressed. Astaxanthin is decoupled from the PS, hence the light energy is not transferred to reaction centers and dissipates as heat. It allows to retain a higher photochemical yield in haematocysts comparing to vegetative cells. The ability of H. lacustris to substitute the "classical" active photoprotective mechanisms such as NPQ with optic shielding and general metabolism quiescence makes this organism a useful model to reveal photoprotection mechanisms.
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Hamdani S, Khan N, Perveen S, Qu M, Jiang J, Zhu XG. Changes in the photosynthesis properties and photoprotection capacity in rice (Oryza sativa) grown under red, blue, or white light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:107-121. [PMID: 30456488 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a is a major photoprotective mechanism plants utilize to survive under high light. Here, we report the impact of long-term light quality treatment on photosynthetic properties, especially NPQ in rice. We used three LED-based light regimes, i.e., red (648-672 nm), blue (438-460 nm), and "warm" white light (529-624 nm), with the incident photon flux density of 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1, the difference in the absorbed photon flux densities by leaves grown under different light quality being less than 7%. Our results show that blue light, as compared to white light, induced a significant decrease in Fv/Fm, a decreased rate of reduction of P700+ after P700 was completely oxidized; furthermore, blue light also induced higher NPQ with an increased initial speed of NPQ induction, which corresponds to the qE component of NPQ, and a lower maximum quantum yield of PSII, i.e., Y(II). In contrast, rice grown under long-term red light showed decreased Y(II) and increased NPQ, but with no change in Fv/Fm. Furthermore, we found that rice grown under either blue or red light showed decreased transcript abundance of both catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, together with an increased H2O2 content, as compared to rice grown under white light. All these data suggest that even under a moderate incident light level, rice grown under blue or red light led to compromised antioxidant system, which contributed to decreased quantum yield of photosystem II and increased NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Hamdani
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Naveed Khan
- Max-Planck Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Bernát G, Steinbach G, Kaňa R, Misra AN, Prašil O. On the origin of the slow M-T chlorophyll a fluorescence decline in cyanobacteria: interplay of short-term light-responses. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:183-198. [PMID: 29090427 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The slow kinetic phases of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (induction) are valuable tools in studying dynamic regulation of light harvesting, light energy distribution between photosystems, and heat dissipation in photosynthetic organisms. However, the origin of these phases are not yet fully understood. This is especially true in the case of prokaryotic oxygenic photoautotrophs, the cyanobacteria. To understand the origin of the slowest (tens of minutes) kinetic phase, the M-T fluorescence decline, in the context of light acclimation of these globally important microorganisms, we have compared spectrally resolved fluorescence induction data from the wild type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells, using orange (λ = 593 nm) actinic light, with those of mutants, ΔapcD and ΔOCP, that are unable to perform either state transition or fluorescence quenching by orange carotenoid protein (OCP), respectively. Our results suggest a multiple origin of the M-T decline and reveal a complex interplay of various known regulatory processes in maintaining the redox homeostasis of a cyanobacterial cell. In addition, they lead us to suggest that a new type of regulatory process, operating on the timescale of minutes to hours, is involved in dissipating excess light energy in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Bernát
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Amarendra N Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkand, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkand, India
- Khallikote Cluster University, Berhampur, 76001, Odisha, India
| | - Ondřej Prašil
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Effects of CO 2 enrichment on primary photochemistry, growth and astaxanthin accumulation in the chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 171:58-66. [PMID: 28475936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric CO2 level is limiting for growth of phototrophic organisms such as microalgae, so CO2 enrichment boosts the growth and photosynthesis of microalgal cultures. Still, excessive CO2 injection might inhibit photosynthesis of microalgae. We investigated the effect of continuous sparging of the cultures of Haematococcus pluvialis BM 1 (IPPAS H-2018) (Chlorophyceae), the richest natural source of the value-added pigment astaxanthin. H. pluvialis cultures with CO2-enriched air-gas mixtures (with CO2 level from the atmospheric to 20%) on growth and astaxanthin accumulation in the microalga. Special attention was paid to photosynthetic activity and non-photochemical excited chlorophyll states quenching in the microalgal cells, which was monitored via chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. We also report on the capability of CO2 capture by H. pluvialis derived from direct measurements of its elemental carbon content. The beneficial effect of the moderately high (5%) CO2 levels on the culture growth and astaxanthin accumulation under stress results in a higher overall astaxanthin productivity. However, increase of the CO2 level to 10% or 20% was deteriorative for growth, photosynthesis and carbon assimilation. The results support the possibility of combining a traditional two-stage H. pluvialis cultivation with CO2 bio-capture although a dilution of the flue gas before its injection is required.
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