1
|
Ptushenko VV, Knorre DD, Glagoleva ES. The Photoprotective Protein PsbS from Green Microalga Lobosphaera incisa: The Amino Acid Sequence, 3D Structure and Probable pH-Sensitive Residues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15060. [PMID: 37894741 PMCID: PMC10606523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PsbS is one of the key photoprotective proteins, ensuring the tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) of a plant to abrupt changes in irradiance. Being a component of photosystem II, it provides the formation of quenching centers for excited states of chlorophyll in the photosynthetic antenna with an excess of light energy. The signal for "turning on" the photoprotective function of the protein is an excessive decrease in pH in the thylakoid lumen occurring when all the absorbed light energy (stored in the form of transmembrane proton potential) cannot be used for carbon assimilation. Hence, lumen-exposed protonatable amino acid residues that could serve as pH sensors are the essential components of PsbS-dependent photoprotection, and their pKa values are necessary to describe it. Previously, calculations of the lumen-exposed protonatable residue pKa values in PsbS from spinach were described in the literature. However, it has recently become clear that PsbS, although typical of higher plants and charophytes, can also provide photoprotection in green algae. Namely, the stress-induced expression of PsbS was recently shown for two green microalgae species: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Lobosphaera incisa. Therefore, we determined the amino acid sequence and modeled the three-dimensional structure of the PsbS from L. incisa, as well as calculated the pKa values of its lumen-exposed protonatable residues. Despite significant differences in amino acid sequence, proteins from L. incisa and Spinacia oleracea have similar three-dimensional structures. Along with the other differences, one of the two pH-sensing glutamates in PsbS from S. oleracea (namely, Glu-173) has no analogue in L. incisa protein. Moreover, there are only four glutamate residues in the lumenal region of the L. incisa protein, while there are eight glutamates in S. oleracea. However, our calculations show that, despite the relative deficiency in protonatable residues, at least two residues of L. incisa PsbS can be considered probable pH sensors: Glu-87 and Lys-196.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V. Ptushenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry D. Knorre
- Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Glagoleva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jun D, Zhang S, Grzędowski AJ, Mahey A, Beatty JT, Bizzotto D. Correlating structural assemblies of photosynthetic reaction centers on a gold electrode and the photocurrent - potential response. iScience 2021; 24:102500. [PMID: 34113832 PMCID: PMC8170006 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomacromolecules is a nascent development in clean alternative energies. In applications of biosensors and biophotovoltaic devices, the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is a protein-pigment complex that has been commonly interfaced with electrodes, in large part to take advantage of the long-lived and high efficiency of charge separation. We investigated assemblies of RCs on an electrode that range from monolayer to multilayers by measuring the photocurrent produced when illuminated by an intensity-modulated excitation light source. In addition, atomic force microscopy and modeling of the photocurrent with the Marcus-Hush-Chidsey theory detailed the reorganization energy for the electron transfer process, which also revealed changes in the RC local environment due to the adsorbed conformations. The local environment in which the RCs are embedded significantly influenced photocurrent generation, which has implications for electron transfer of other biomacromolecules deposited on a surface in sensor and photovoltaic applications employing a redox electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jun
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sylvester Zhang
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Adrian Jan Grzędowski
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Amita Mahey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J. Thomas Beatty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dan Bizzotto
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kudisch B, Oblinsky DG, Black MJ, Zieleniewska A, Emmanuel MA, Rumbles G, Hyster TK, Scholes GD. Active-Site Environmental Factors Customize the Photophysics of Photoenzymatic Old Yellow Enzymes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11236-11249. [PMID: 33231450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-natural photoenzymatic systems has reinvigorated the study of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) within protein active sites, providing new and unique platforms for understanding how biological environments affect photochemical processes. In this work, we use ultrafast spectroscopy to compare the photoinduced electron transfer in known photoenzymes. 12-Oxophytodienoate reductase 1 (OPR1) is compared to Old Yellow Enzyme 1 (OYE1) and morphinone reductase (MR). The latter enzymes are structurally homologous to OPR1. We find that slight differences in the amino acid composition of the active sites of these proteins determine their distinct electron-transfer dynamics. Our work suggests that the inside of a protein active site is a complex/heterogeneous dielectric network where genetically programmed heterogeneity near the site of biological ET can significantly affect the presence and lifetime of various intermediate states. Our work motivates additional tunability of Old Yellow Enzyme active-site reorganization energy and electron-transfer energetics that could be leveraged for photoenzymatic redox approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Michael J Black
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Anna Zieleniewska
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Megan A Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Department of Chemistry and RASEI, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ptushenko VV. Electric Cables of Living Cells. II. Bacterial Electron Conductors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:955-965. [PMID: 33045956 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920080118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept of "electric cables" involved in bioenergetic processes of a living cell was proposed half a century ago [Skulachev, V. P. (1971) Curr. Top. Bioenerg., Elsevier, pp. 127-190]. For many decades, only cell membrane structures have been considered as probable pathways for the electric current, namely, for the transfer of transmembrane electrochemical potential. However, the last ten to fifteen years have brought the discovery of bacterial "electric cables" of a new type. In 2005, "nanowires" conducting electric current over distances of tens of micrometers were discovered in metal- and sulphate-reducing bacteria [Reguera, G. et al. (2005) Nature, 435, pp. 1098-1101]. The next five years have witnessed the discovery of microbial electric currents over centimeter distances [Nielsen, L. P. et al. (2010) Nature, 463, 1071-1074]. This new group of bacteria allowing electric currents to flow over macroscopic distances was later called cable bacteria. Nanowires and conductive structures of cable bacteria serve to solve a special problem of membrane bioenergetics: they connect two redox half-reactions. In other words, unlike membrane "cables", their function is electron transfer in the course of oxidative phosphorylation for the generation of membrane energy rather than of the end-product. The most surprising is the protein nature of these cables (at least of some of them) indicated by recent data, since no protein wires for the long-distance electron transport had been previously known in living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Ptushenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia. .,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ptushenko VV, Solovchenko AE, Bychkov AY, Chivkunova OB, Golovin AV, Gorelova OA, Ismagulova TT, Kulik LV, Lobakova ES, Lukyanov AA, Samoilova RI, Scherbakov PN, Selyakh IO, Semenova LR, Vasilieva SG, Baulina OI, Skulachev MV, Kirpichnikov MP. Cationic penetrating antioxidants switch off Mn cluster of photosystem II in situ. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:229-240. [PMID: 31302832 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (also known as 'Skulachev Ions' electrophoretically accumulated by mitochondria) exert anti-ageing and ROS-protecting effects well documented in animal and human cells. However, their effects on chloroplast in photosynthetic cells and corresponding mechanisms are scarcely known. For the first time, we describe a dramatic quenching effect of (10-(6-plastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on chlorophyll fluorescence, apparently mediated by redox interaction of SkQ1 with Mn cluster in Photosystem II (PSII) of chlorophyte microalga Chlorella vulgaris and disabling the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Microalgal cells displayed a vigorous uptake of SkQ1 which internal concentration built up to a very high level. Using optical and EPR spectroscopy, as well as electron donors and in silico molecular simulation techniques, we found that SkQ1 molecule can interact with Mn atoms of the OEC in PSII. This stops water splitting giving rise to potent quencher(s), e.g. oxidized reaction centre of PSII. Other components of the photosynthetic apparatus proved to be mostly intact. This effect of the Skulachev ions might help to develop in vivo models of photosynthetic cells with impaired OEC function but essentially intact otherwise. The observed phenomenon suggests that SkQ1 can be applied to study stress-induced damages to OEC in photosynthetic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ptushenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia, 119334.
| | - Alexei E Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Andrew Y Bychkov
- Faculty of Geology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga B Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Olga A Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Tatiana T Ismagulova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Leonid V Kulik
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Elena S Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Alexandr A Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Rima I Samoilova
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Pavel N Scherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Irina O Selyakh
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Larisa R Semenova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Svetlana G Vasilieva
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga I Baulina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Maxim V Skulachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Mitoengineering, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | | |
Collapse
|