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Tan S, Sha Y, Sun L, Li Z. Abiotic Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence: Regulatory Mechanisms and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11996. [PMID: 37569371 PMCID: PMC10418887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a natural phenomenon that occurs during the aging process of plants and is influenced by various internal and external factors. These factors encompass plant hormones, as well as environmental pressures such as inadequate nutrients, drought, darkness, high salinity, and extreme temperatures. Abiotic stresses accelerate leaf senescence, resulting in reduced photosynthetic efficiency, yield, and quality. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence in response to abiotic stresses is imperative to enhance the resilience and productivity of crops in unfavorable environments. In recent years, substantial advancements have been made in the study of leaf senescence, particularly regarding the identification of pivotal genes and transcription factors involved in this process. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the necessity for further exploration of the intricate regulatory network governing leaf senescence and the development of effective strategies for manipulating genes in crops. This manuscript provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that trigger leaf senescence under abiotic stresses, along with strategies to enhance stress tolerance and improve crop yield and quality by delaying leaf senescence. Furthermore, this review also highlighted the challenges associated with leaf senescence research and proposes potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Wu HY, Qiao MY, Zhang YJ, Kang WJ, Ma QH, Gao HY, Zhang WF, Jiang CD. Photosynthetic mechanism of maize yield under fluctuating light environments in the field. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:957-973. [PMID: 36459464 PMCID: PMC9922410 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic mechanism of crop yields in fluctuating light environments in the field remains controversial. To further elucidate this mechanism, we conducted field and simulation experiments using maize (Zea mays) plants. Increased planting density enhanced the light fluctuation frequency and reduced the duration of daily high light, as well as the light-saturated photosynthetic rate, biomass, and yield per plant. Further analysis confirmed a highly significant positive correlation between biomass and yield per plant and the duration of photosynthesis related to daily high light. The simulation experiment indicated that the light-saturated photosynthetic rate of maize leaves decreased gradually and considerably when shortening the daily duration of high light. Under an identical duration of high light exposure, increasing the fluctuation frequency decreased the light-saturated photosynthetic rate slightly. Proteomic data also demonstrated that photosynthesis was mainly affected by the duration of high light and not by the light fluctuation frequency. Consequently, the current study proposes that an appropriate duration of daily high light under fluctuating light environments is the key factor for greatly improving photosynthesis. This is a promising mechanism by which the photosynthetic productivity and yield of maize can be enhanced under complex light environments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Mei-Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wei-Jian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qing-Hu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wang-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chuang-Dao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Lu D, Xu B, Yu Q, Liu Z, Ren M, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu C, Shen Y. Identification of potential light deficiency response regulators in endangered species Magnolia sinostellata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22536. [PMID: 36581613 PMCID: PMC9800573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolia sinostellata is one of the endangered species in China and largely suffers light deficiency stress in the understory of forest. However, the weak light response molecular mechanism remains unclear. More importantly, hub genes in the molecular network have not been pinpointed. To explore potential regulators in the mechanism, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to analysis the trancriptome data of M. sinostellata leaves subjected to weak light with different time points. Gene co-expression analysis illustrated that module 1, 2 and 3 were closely associated with light deficiency treatment, which. Gene ontology and KEGG analyses showed that genes in module 1 mainly participated in amino and nucleotide metabolism, module 2 mostly involved in carbon fixation and module 3 mostly regulated photosynthesis related pathways, among which 6, 7 and 8 hub genes were identified, respectively. Hub genes isoform_107196 in module 1 and isoform_55976 in module 2 were unique to M. sinostellata. This study found that light deficiency inhibited photosynthesis and stress tolerance, while improved carbon metabolism and flowering related pathways in M. sinostellata, which can impact its accumulation reserves of growth and reproduction in the next season. In addition, key shade response regulators identified in this study have laid a firm foundation for further investigation of shade response molecular mechanism and protection of other shade sensitive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Lu
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Bin Xu
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Qin Yu
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhigao Liu
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Mingjie Ren
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shanxi Academy of Science, Xi’an , 710061 Shanxi China
| | - Shouzhou Zhang
- grid.464438.9Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen, 518004 Guangdong China
| | - Chao Wu
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Yamei Shen
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
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Gitelson A, Arkebauer T, Solovchenko A, Nguy-Robertson A, Inoue Y. An insight into spectral composition of light available for photosynthesis via remotely assessed absorption coefficient at leaf and canopy levels. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 151:10.1007/s11120-021-00863-x. [PMID: 34319558 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive comparative analysis of the spectral composition of energy absorbed by crop species at leaf and plant levels was carried out using the absorption coefficient retrieved from leaf and plant reflectance as an informative metric. In leaves of three species with contrasting leaf structures and photosynthetic pathways (maize, soybean, and rice), the blue, green, and red fractions of leaf absorption coefficients were 48, 20, and 32%, respectively. The fraction of green light in the total budget of light absorbed at the plant level was higher than at the leaf level approaching the size of the red fraction (24% green vs. 25.5% red) and surpassing it inside the canopy. The plant absorption coefficient in the far-red region (700-750 nm) was significant reaching 7-10% of the absorption coefficient in green or red regions. The spectral composition of the absorbed light in the three species was virtually the same. Fractions of light in absorbed PAR remained almost invariant during growing season over a wide range of plant chlorophyll content. Fractions of absorption coefficient in the green, red, and far-red were in accord with published results of quantum yield for CO2 fixation on an absorbed light basis. The role of green and far-red light in photosynthesis was demonstrated in simple experiments in natural conditions. The results show the potential for using leaf and plant absorption coefficients retrieved from reflectance to quantify photosynthesis in each spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Gitelson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - Timothy Arkebauer
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
- Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Russia, 393760.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia, 392000.
| | | | - Yoshio Inoue
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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