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Goh PH, Luginbuehl T, Swami V. Associations Between Negative Body Image and Sexual Health Practices in Emerging Adults from Malaysia. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1473-1486. [PMID: 38321341 PMCID: PMC10954872 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Past findings on the association between negative body image and sexual health behaviors have been mixed and mostly derived from Western samples. The aim of the current study was to examine associations between indices of negative body image and sexual health practices that reduce the risk of disease transmission in emerging adults, and whether these associations are moderated by gender. Using an online survey, a convenience sample of 584 Malaysian adults aged 18-30 years (230 men, 354 women) completed measures of satisfaction with overall appearance, body size dissatisfaction, weight satisfaction, height satisfaction, and genital image evaluation. They also reported if they ever had partnered sex, condomless sex, and been screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as their lifetime number of penetrative sex partners. Hierarchical logistic and ordinal regression analyses indicated that more positive genital image evaluation, but not the other body image indices, was significantly associated with having had partnered sex and fewer lifetime penetrative sex partners. None of the body image indices were significantly associated with condomless sex. All associations were consistent across men and women. For HIV testing, a significant interaction between genital image evaluation and gender emerged. However, this was reduced to non-significance after controlling for the number of penetrative sex partners. Overall, our findings underline the importance of promoting improved genital image in interventions aimed at increasing positive sexual health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Hwa Goh
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tamara Luginbuehl
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Levy E, Warner LM, Fleig L, Kaufman MR, Gidron Y. Associations Between Implicit and Explicit Condom Use Measures With Condom Use Barriers: Relationships Make A Difference. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231164334. [PMID: 36927133 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231164334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between explicit and implicit psychological measures might be affected by the similarity of the assessment method and by the overlap of the components of the constructs being assessed. This study examined the association between condom use barriers and explicit and implicit measurements of condom use and the moderating role of sexual intercourse in these associations. DESIGN This was a cross sectional correlational study. An analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial including 149 university students was included. MAIN MEASURES These included a questionnaire assessing condom use barriers, an implicit condom use test (a structured semi-projective test), and an explicit condom use question. Hierarchical regressions and correlations were examined in the full sample and by groups of participants with and without sexual intercourse. RESULTS In those without sexual intercourse, all barriers sub-scales were significantly and negatively correlated with implicit condom use and unrelated to explicit condom use. In contrast, among those engaged in sexual intercourse, barriers were significantly and negatively correlated with the explicit condom use measure, and only barriers concerning partner and motivation correlated with implicit condom use tendencies. CONCLUSION Having a sexual partner plays a major role in the relations between barriers and implicit and explicit condom use measures. The pattern of the results is discussed in relation to cognitive and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Levy
- Department of Social Work, Ringgold: 54625Tel Hai College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel.,The Israeli School of Humanitarian Action, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lisa M Warner
- Department of Psychology, Ringgold: 381458MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Fleig
- Department of Psychology, Ringgold: 381458MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle R Kaufman
- Blomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Ringgold: 25802Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yori Gidron
- Department of Nursing, Ringgold: 26748Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
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Body image as a global mental health concern. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e9. [PMID: 36861019 PMCID: PMC9970735 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Body image concerns related to weight or other dimensions of appearance are now prevalent on a global scale. This paper reviews the theoretical frameworks that account for the global similarities and regional differences in rates and presentation of body image concerns, as well as reviewing the extant data. Given the harmful consequences of body image concerns in terms of mental and physical health, their global burden is high. Interventions to mitigate these concerns at the individual and systemic level are warranted.
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Ndlazi GJ, Hanley S, Maddocks ST, Chetty V. Perceptions of women enrolled in a cardiovascular disease screening and prevention in HIV study. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Luwedde M, Sserwanja Q, Katantazi N. Determinants of age at first sex inequality between women and men youth in Uganda: A decomposition analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000303. [PMID: 36962531 PMCID: PMC10021423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are major public health problems in Uganda. Early sexual debut is one of the main routes of these public health problems. This study aimed to identify factors that explain age at first sex inequality between men and women Ugandan youth. METHODS This study used secondary data from a cross-sectional Uganda demographic health survey (2016). Participants were 10 189 sexually experienced youth. Using Stata 14, intermediary analysis was done to assess the statistical association between explanatory variables and age at first sex in a multiple logistic regression analysis. Oaxaca decomposition was used to decompose factors that explain inequalities in age at first sex between men and women youth. RESULTS Intermediary results showed Islam, many household members, residing in the eastern region, and being divorced/widowed were predictors of early age at first sex. While secondary education, higher education, blue-collar jobs, and being 20 to 30 years old were protective factors against early age at first sex. Material, behavior/cultural, psychosocial, and demographic explanatory factors jointly explained a statistically significant portion of the observed gap in early age at first sex between women and men youth. More women were at a disadvantage at an early age at first sex compared to men youth. About 96.37% of this gap was explained by unequal distribution of material, behavior/cultural, psychosocial, and demographic factors between men and women youth. Relationship to household head (49%), education (16.87%), occupation (8,94%), number of household members (8.57%), using the internet (7.99%), and reading newspapers or magazines (4.39%) made a significant contribution to the explanation of early age at first sex inequality between men and women youth. CONCLUSIONS Results showed early age at first sex inequality between women and men youth that favored men. Programs designed to address early age at first sex and related health outcomes must combat inequities in education, employment opportunities, access to sexual reproductive information through internet, and newspapers or magazines between men and women youth. They should also foster household relationships and monitor girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luwedde
- Heart for Girls Initiative Uganda, Kayunga, Uganda
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Haffejee F, Fasanmi-Kana O, Ally F, Thandar Y, Basdav J. Four years later: Do South Africans know what pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV is? AIDS Care 2022; 35:466-473. [PMID: 35109735 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2032573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV incidence remains high among South Africans, with low uptake of preventative measures such as condom use. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which protects HIV-negative individuals from infection, was first introduced in SA in 2016. This study determined the knowledge of PrEP among university students (n = 282) and primary health care clinic users (n = 358) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey. The study population was at high-risk of HIV infection, with early age of sexual debut, multiple concurrent sexual partners and inconsistent condom usage. Only 12.3% (n = 79) stated that they had a full understanding of PrEP, which was higher among university students (9.8%; n = 63) than clinic users (2.5%; n = 16; p < 0.001). Specific PrEP knowledge was, however, low. Health Science students did not have a better knowledge than students from other faculties. Neither did users of clinics offering PrEP have a better knowledge than users of clinics not offering PrEP. Moreover, few participants (15%; n = 96) were aware of the availability of PrEP at their local clinic. Interventions to address the low level of PrEP knowledge within the population are required, to reduce the high HIV incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoza Haffejee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Olayinka Fasanmi-Kana
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fazila Ally
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yasmeen Thandar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jyotika Basdav
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Early Sexual Initiation among College Students in Southwest Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8855276. [PMID: 33299885 PMCID: PMC7710405 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8855276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Early age at first sexual practice is a public health issue and now common around the world especially in the developing countries. The development of effective strategies to reduce the adverse consequences of early sexual initiation becomes real when sufficient data is available. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated to early sexual initiation among college students in southwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 college students in southwest Ethiopia from April to May 2018. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The data were collected using structured pretested self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the effect of independent variables on the outcome variable. Significance was declared at p < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The proportion of early sexual initiation among college students was 17.9%, 95% CI (14.4%-24.4%). The mean age of sexual intercourse was 17.6 (±2 SD) years. Nearly three-fourths (73.4%) of the respondent's reason for early sexual intercourse was falling in love. More than half (62.2%) of the respondents used a condom for their first sexual intercourse. The factors associated with early sexual initiation were being female (AOR = 2.09and 95% CI [1.17-2.35]), chewing khat (AOR = 7.05 and 95% CI [3.81-13.1]), exposed to pornographic materials at age < 18 years (AOR = 3.57 and 95% CI [1.94-6.89]), and poor knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (AOR = 8.69 and 95% CI [3.52-21.5]). Conclusion The prevalence of early sexual initiation among college students was alarmingly high. This may be associated with a huge burden of poor sexual and reproductive health. Therefore, creating awareness of the factors and related negative sexual and reproductive health effect of early sexual initiation for young peoples through the use of mass media (television and radio), school teachers, and parents plays a paramount importance.
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Noll M, Noll PRES, Gomes JM, Soares Júnior JM, Silveira EA, Sorpreso ICE. Associated factors and sex differences in condom non-use among adolescents: Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Reprod Health 2020; 17:139. [PMID: 32894142 PMCID: PMC7487653 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Condom non-use among sexually active adolescents is a major cause of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. In order to promote condom use, it is essential to understand factors associated with condom non-use. Aim Our aim was to evaluate sex differences and associated factors of condom non-use based on the nationally representative Brazilian National School Health Survey. Methods The study participants were 100,962 adolescents 13–18 years old, 9th graders from both public and private schools throughout Brazil. The following factors were considered as explanatory group variables for the outcome of condom non-use among adolescents: school and health service, sexual behavior, substance use, and self-reported body and health perception. Poisson regression model was performed. Results Of the total students, 28% (n = 28,157) had had sexual intercourse at least once. (boys, 37.1%; girls, 19.5%). Of these, 69.2% had used condoms the last time they had intercourse (girls: 68%; boys: 69.9%). The variables associated with condom non-use for both sexes were not having accessed a health service or approached a health professional for health-related care; not having received pregnancy prevention counseling or guidance on AIDS or STI prevention at school; early sexual initiation; no additional contraception method; substance use; feeling alone; not being satisfied with their own body; feeling fat or thin; and poor self-reported health. The number of sexual partners was also associated with condom non-use; however, contrasting behavior was indicated between sexes. A higher number of sexual partners indicated less use of condoms among girls, while for boys, a higher number of sexual partners indicated higher condom use. Conclusion High condom non-use appears to be associated with lack of health care access and sexual health education, poor sexual practices, substance use, and poor self-perception, indicating areas for health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Noll
- Instituto Federal Goiano (IF Goiano), Goiás, Brazil. .,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Rayanne E Silva Noll
- Instituto Federal Goiano (IF Goiano), Goiás, Brazil.,Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Menezes Gomes
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares Júnior
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Esposito Sorpreso
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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