1
|
Tonna M, Lucarini V, Lucchese J, Presta V, Paraboschi F, Marsella F, Daniel BD, Vitale M, Marchesi C, Gobbi G. Posture, gait and self‐disorders: An empirical study in individuals with schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 17:447-461. [PMID: 37156494 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM In schizophrenia, subjectively perceived disruptions of the sense of the Self (also referred to as "self-disorders") seem to be intimately associated with a perturbation of the implicit awareness of one's own body. Indeed, an early impairment of the motor system, including posture and gait, is now considered a marker of schizophrenia neurodevelopmental substrate and appears more pronounced in early-onset schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) investigating a possible relationship between self-disorders, symptom dimensions and postural and gait profile in schizophrenia; (2) identifying a specific motor profile in early-onset conditions. METHODS A total of 43 schizophrenia outpatients and 38 healthy controls underwent an exhaustive investigation of posture and gait pattern. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the examination of anomalous self experience scale (EASE) and the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) were administered to the schizophrenia group. Subsequently, schizophrenia patients were divided into early and adult-onset subgroups and compared with respect to their motor profile. RESULTS We found an association between specific postural patterns (impaired sway area), a general disruption of the gait cycle and subjective bodily experiences (concerning the loss of bodily integrity, cohesion and demarcation). Only motor parameters (increased sway area and gait cadence reduction) differentiated between early and adult-onset patients. CONCLUSION The results of the present study hint at a link between motor impairment and self-disturbances in schizophrenia and candidate a specific motor profile as a possible marker of early-onset forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Lucchese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Presta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Marsella
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Movement Analysis Laboratory (LAM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Presta V, Paraboschi F, Marsella F, Lucarini V, Galli D, Mirandola P, Banchini A, Marchesi C, Galuppo L, Vitale M, Tonna M, Gobbi G. Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245661. [PMID: 33465166 PMCID: PMC7815098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While correlations between postural stability deficits and schizophrenia are well documented, information on dynamic motor alterations in schizophrenia are still scarce, and no data on their onset are available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was i) to measure gait pattern(s) in patients with schizophrenia; ii) to identify posture and gait alterations which could potentially be used as a predictive clinical tool of the onset of the disorder. Body composition, posture and gait parameters were assessed in a group of 30 patients with schizophrenia and compared to 25 healthy subjects. Sway area was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared to controls regardless of whether the participants were in eyes open or eyes closed condition. Gait cadence and speed were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia, while stride length was similar. We concluded that the combination of an increased sway area (independent from eye closure) and a gait cadence reduction—in the presence of normal gait speed and stride length—might be considered peculiar postural and gait profile characteristic of early schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Presta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Marsella
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Banchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Movement Analysis Laboratory (LAM)–Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Matteo Tonna
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Apthorp D, Bolbecker AR, Bartolomeo LA, O’Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:512-521. [PMID: 30376125 PMCID: PMC6483590 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Motor abnormalities are among the most robust findings in schizophrenia, and increasing evidence suggests they are a core feature of the disorder. Postural sway during balance tasks is a highly sensitive probe of sensorimotor systems including the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and motor cortices. Postural sway deficits are present in schizophrenia as well as groups at high risk for psychosis, suggesting altered postural control may be sensitive to the pathophysiological processes associated with risk and expression of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study examined postural sway performance in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Individuals with SPD have attenuated psychotic symptoms and share genetic risk with schizophrenia but are usually free from antipsychotic medication and other illness confounds, making SPD useful for assessing candidate biomarkers. We measured postural sway using force plates in 27 individuals with SPD, 27 carefully matched controls, and 27 matched patients with schizophrenia. It was predicted that postural sway in the SPD group would fall intermediate to schizophrenia and controls. In all conditions (eyes open and closed, with feet together or apart), the SPD group swayed significantly more than the controls, as measured by path length and sway area. Moreover, the magnitude of the sway deficit was comparable in the SPD and schizophrenia groups. These findings suggest that postural sway measures may represent a sensorimotor biomarker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Apthorp
- School of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 61 2 6773 4316, fax: 61 2 6773 3820, e-mail:
| | - Amanda R Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | - Brian F O’Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Medical Centre, Bloomington, IN,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fujino H. Psychological Support for Young Adults with Down Syndrome: Dohsa-Hou Program for Maladaptive Behaviors and Internalizing Problems. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1504. [PMID: 28919875 PMCID: PMC5585186 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological and psychiatric dysfunction is a major problem in a substantial proportion of young adults with Down syndrome. Some patients develop psychiatric issues, such as depressive, obsessive-compulsive, or psychotic-like disorders, in their late adolescence or young adulthood. Furthermore, these individuals may experience moderate to severe emotional and psychological distress. Development of a psychosocial treatment to address these issues is needed in addition to psychotropic medication. The current study reports two cases of young adults with Down syndrome, who presented psychiatric symptoms and marked disruption in their daily lives. These individuals participated in a Dohsa-hou treatment program. Following treatment, adaptive levels, maladaptive behaviors, and internalizing problems were evaluated by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II. Participants showed improvement in maladaptive behaviors and internalizing problems; however, improvement in these areas may be influenced by baseline severity of the problems. This case report suggests that Dohsa-hou could be an effective therapeutic approach for maladaptive and internalizing problems in adults with Down syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Fujino
- Department of Special Needs Education, Oita UniversityOita, Japan.,Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teng YL, Chen CL, Lou SZ, Wang WT, Wu JY, Ma HI, Chen VCH. Postural Stability of Patients with Schizophrenia during Challenging Sensory Conditions: Implication of Sensory Integration for Postural Control. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158219. [PMID: 27355830 PMCID: PMC4927090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural dysfunctions are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and affect their daily life and ability to work. In addition, sensory functions and sensory integration that are crucial for postural control are also compromised. This study intended to examine how patients with schizophrenia coordinate multiple sensory systems to maintain postural stability in dynamic sensory conditions. Twenty-nine patients with schizophrenia and 32 control subjects were recruited. Postural stability of the participants was examined in six sensory conditions of different level of congruency of multiple sensory information, which was based on combinations of correct, removed, or conflicting sensory inputs from visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems. The excursion of the center of pressure was measured by posturography. Equilibrium scores were derived to indicate the range of anterior-posterior (AP) postural sway, and sensory ratios were calculated to explore ability to use sensory information to maintain balance. The overall AP postural sway was significantly larger for patients with schizophrenia compared to the controls [patients (69.62±8.99); controls (76.53±7.47); t1,59 = -3.28, p<0.001]. The results of mixed-model ANOVAs showed a significant interaction between the group and sensory conditions [F5,295 = 5.55, p<0.001]. Further analysis indicated that AP postural sway was significantly larger for patients compared to the controls in conditions containing unreliable somatosensory information either with visual deprivation or with conflicting visual information. Sensory ratios were not significantly different between groups, although small and non-significant difference in inefficiency to utilize vestibular information was also noted. No significant correlations were found between postural stability and clinical characteristics. To sum up, patients with schizophrenia showed increased postural sway and a higher rate of falls during challenging sensory conditions, which was independent of clinical characteristics. Patients further demonstrated similar pattern and level of utilizing sensory information to maintain balance compared to the controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Teng
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Occupational Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ling Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Occupational Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Zon Lou
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Cen-Der Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yen Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ing Ma
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fujino H. Body awareness and mental health: a body psychotherapy case study. BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2016.1150882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|