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Li Y, Rhubart D. Cannabis use, social support and social engagement among working-age adults in rural America. Prev Med Rep 2024; 43:102794. [PMID: 38975281 PMCID: PMC11225026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cannabis use has been linked to physical, psychological, and behavioral changes. Although research indicates separately that informal social support and formal social engagement - which are correlated measures - serve as protective factors in cannabis use, much of this research focuses on youth and more urban samples, limiting our understanding of if these findings are true for rural populations where social support and social engagement are particularly important for health and health behaviors. To fill the research gap, this study examines the effects of informal social support (tangible support and emotional support) and formal social engagement on cannabis use among rural working-age adults. Methods This research analyzed 1,122 observations from a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 2022 of working-age adults (18-64) from rural America. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to predict cannabis use in the past 12 months using informal social support (tangible support and emotional support) and formal social engagement and other sociodemographic covariates and state legalization status. Results Multilevel logistic modeling indicates that low emotional support and low formal social engagement are associated with a higher odds of reporting cannabis use in the past 12 months among rural working-age adults, net of other sociodemographic variables and state legalization status. Conclusions The study suggests that emotional support and social engagement may contribute to cannabis use prevention among rural working-age adults. These findings should inform future research as well as the development of tailored health interventions targeting rural working-age adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Danielle Rhubart
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Tornero-Aguilera JF, Stergiou M, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Martín-Rodríguez A, Massuça LM, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Optimising Combat Readiness: Practical Strategies for Integrating Physiological and Psychological Resilience in Soldier Training. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1160. [PMID: 38921275 PMCID: PMC11202720 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review examines the intricate psychophysiological interplay between cognitive functions and physical responses within military personnel engaged in combat. It elucidates the spectrum of responses elicited by symmetric and asymmetric warfare alongside specialised combat scenarios, including close-quarters and subterranean warfare. Central to this discourse is the emphasis on integrating training programs beyond physical conditioning to encompass psychological resilience and decision-making efficacy under duress. The exploration further ventures into applying advanced technologies such as virtual reality and wearable devices, highlighting their pivotal role in augmenting training outcomes and supporting soldier health. Through a detailed analysis of psychophysiological variations across different military branches of service, the narrative review advocates for bespoke training regimens and support frameworks tailored to address the unique exigencies of each service branch. Concluding observations stress the importance of evolving military training paradigms, advocating for adopting realistic, immersive training simulations that mirror the complexities of the contemporary battlefield. This synthesis aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on optimising military training protocols and enhancing the operational readiness and well-being of armed forces personnel. This narrative review is essential for military psychologists, trainers, and policymakers, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical implementation in military training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.T.-A.); (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.); (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Maria Stergiou
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.T.-A.); (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.); (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.T.-A.); (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.); (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.T.-A.); (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.); (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Luís Miguel Massuça
- ICPOL—Police Research Center, Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security, 1300-663 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.T.-A.); (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.); (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Meuleman EM, Karremans JC, van Ee E. Stronger together: the longitudinal relations between partner responsiveness, dyadic coping and PTSD recovery. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2358682. [PMID: 38836379 PMCID: PMC11155418 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2358682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Past research has primarily focused on negative associations between PTSD and relationships. Therefore, this investigation delves into the potential positive role of these relational aspects in aiding PTSD recovery during treatment.Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of dyadic coping and perceived partner responsiveness on treatment trajectories of PTSD patients.Method: The study included 90 participants, who were requested to complete online questionnaires twice, with a six-month gap between the measures.Results: The results from linear regression analyses indicated that perceived partner responsiveness had a positive effect on PTSD recovery, whereas dyadic coping had the opposite effect: higher levels of dyadic coping were associated with an increase in posttraumatic stress symptoms over time. Additional examination of the subscales indicated that heightened communication between clients and partners regarding stress was related with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms.Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance and complexity of effective and supportive communication between patients with PTSD and their partners. While existing literature supports both perceived partner responsiveness and dyadic coping as beneficial, this study indicates that only perceived partner responsiveness positively impacted PTSD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline M. Meuleman
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid-Nederland, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Johan C. Karremans
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa van Ee
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid-Nederland, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Geuzinge R, Visse M, Vermetten E, Duyndam J. Differentiating social environments of high-risk professionals and specialised nurses: a qualitative empirical study on social embeddedness. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2306792. [PMID: 38289061 PMCID: PMC10829832 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2306792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: High-risk professionals and specialised nurses in hospitals are frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events. Psychotrauma researchers have extensively studied personal risk factors of traumatisation among high-risk professionals, but it is hard to understand psychological functioning when professionals are decontextualised from their social environment. Generally, it has been well documented that to reduce the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other mental health problems related to traumatisation, it is essential to be embedded in a supportive social environment. However, study results among and within these occupational groups show great variety and even inconsistencies as to what is a supportive social environment.Method: This ethnographical research, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, explored the social environment of firefighters, police officers, ambulance paramedics, specialised nurses, and military personnel and aims to explore their social connections and embeddedness. We performed a thematic content analysis of data to identify themes related to social or emotional support, social relationships, and stress or traumatisation.Results: An analysis of the observational field notes, which covered 332 h of participant observation and 71 evenly distributed formal in-depth interviews, identified four themes related to social connections and embeddedness: Family, Hierarchical relations versus autonomy, Group versus individual, and Conditional family 'love'. Results revealed that the military, police, and professional firefighters have family-like hierarchical connections and highly value group unity. Paramedics and most specialised nurses, however, tend to value individuality and autonomy in their work relationships.Conclusion: This research shows noticeable differences in the social environments and social connections of these professionals, which implicates that prevention and mental health treatment might also have to be differentiated among occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Geuzinge
- Humanism and Social Resilience, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Visse
- Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Duyndam
- Humanism and Social Resilience, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Armstrong A, Oetinger K, Weimer K, Hönig K. Digital psychosocial interventions for individuals with spinal cord injury: a scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1289138. [PMID: 38317764 PMCID: PMC10838963 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1289138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an overview of the digital mental health care landscape for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods PubMed, PsycInfo, and PSYNDEX were searched for articles meeting the following criteria: (1) article written in English or German; (2) digital psychosocial intervention; (3) SCI only; (4) treatment of individuals with SCI and not their relatives or caregivers. Records were screened by title and abstract and records meeting the inclusion criteria were obtained for full text screening. The references of identified articles were screened to find further relevant articles. The literature search was updated before submission. Risk of Bias was assessed by using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results Ten randomized-controlled trials (RCT) and ten non-randomized-controlled trials were identified and compared in this review, evaluating twelve internet- and mobile-based interventions, five smartphone apps, and three virtual reality applications. The interventions were primarily used as stand-alone aftercare programs. While some were not based on any theory, cognitive behavioral therapy mostly served as the theoretical basis for the online interventions. The extent of human support also varied greatly between the studies. The number of intervention modules ranged between 2 and 72. There were also major differences in outcome variables and effects. A meta-analytical evaluation of the data was not conducted due to heterogeneity of studies. Conclusion Digital applications to promote the psychosocial health of individuals with SCI are an emerging field of research with many treatment approaches still to come. First high quality RCT studies report promising results. Unfortunately, not all studies are of high quality or the interventions have been insufficiently adapted to the needs of people with SCI. Therefore, more research is needed to further develop applications, and to generalize and test the effects found in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Oetinger
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
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Zhang C, Tang L, Liu Z. How social media usage affects psychological and subjective well-being: testing a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:286. [PMID: 37737198 PMCID: PMC10515432 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature demonstrates that social media usage has witnessed a rapid increase in higher education and is almost ubiquitous among young people. The underlying mechanisms as to how social media usage by university students affects their well-being are unclear. Moreover, current research has produced conflicting evidence concerning the potential effects of social media on individuals' overall well-being with some reporting negative outcomes while others revealing beneficial results. METHODS To address the research gap, the present research made an attempt to investigate the crucial role of social media in affecting students' psychological (PWB) and subjective well-being (SWB) by testing the mediating role of self-esteem and online social support and the moderation effect of cyberbullying. The data in the study were obtained from a sample of 1,004 college students (483 females and 521 males, Mage = 23.78, SD = 4.06) enrolled at 135 Chinese universities. AMOS 26.0 and SPSS 26.0 as well as the Process macro were utilized for analyzing data and testing the moderated mediation model. RESULTS Findings revealed that social media usage by university students was positively associated with their PWB and SWB through self-esteem and online social support, and cyberbullying played a moderating role in the first phase of the mediation process such that the indirect associations were weak with cyberbullying reaching high levels. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of discerning the mechanisms moderating the mediated paths linking social media usage by young adults to their PWB and SWB. The results also underline the importance of implementing measures and interventions to alleviate the detrimental impacts of cyberbullying on young adults' PWB and SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang'an Zhang
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingjie Tang
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bangunan D02, 11800, Gelugor City, Penang Island, Malaysia
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Leighton SC, Rodriguez KE, Zhuang R, Jensen CL, Miller EA, Sabbaghi A, O'Haire ME. Psychiatric service dog placements are associated with better daily psychosocial functioning for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2023:2023-87713-001. [PMID: 37410417 PMCID: PMC10770293 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychiatric service dog placements may benefit psychosocial functioning for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however, these effects have never been examined directly in daily life. This nonrandomized longitudinal clinical trial quantified the efficacy of psychiatric service dogs for daily psychosocial functioning among N = 168 veterans with PTSD using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). METHOD EMA data were collected twice daily for 2 weeks at each assessment period (0 and 3 months), totaling 9,408 survey responses (2 Assessments × 14 Days × 2 Prompts × 168 Participants). RESULTS At follow-up, regression analysis identified associations between service dog placement and better perceived social interaction quality (β = 0.42, p < .05), better affect (negative affect: β = -2.64, p < .001; positive affect: β = 2.44, p < .001), and lower odds of panic attacks (OR = 0.68, p < .05). Social participation results were mixed: placements were associated with greater activity participation (β = 3.21, p < .001) but lower odds of being away from home (OR = 0.77, p < .05), indicating possible support for anecdotes that public stigma is an obstacle to community participation. CONCLUSIONS Results further revealed that the service dog's trained tasks may be particularly important for social functioning outcomes, and the service dog's presence for emotional functioning outcomes. Findings highlight a need for education surrounding service dog etiquette and reveal potential mechanisms underlying psychiatric service dog placements. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerri E Rodriguez
- Human-Animal Bond in Colorado, School of Social Work, Colorado State University
| | | | - Clare L Jensen
- Center for the Human-Animal Bond, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University
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Kitetele FN, Dageid W, Lelo GM, Akele CE, Lelo PVM, Nyembo PL, Tylleskär T, Kashala-Abotnes E. HIV Disclosure to Infected Children Involving Peers: A New Take on HIV Disclosure in the Democratic Republic of Congo. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1092. [PMID: 37508590 PMCID: PMC10377987 DOI: 10.3390/children10071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Appropriately informing HIV-infected children of their diagnosis is a real challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Until now, there is no consensus on who ought to disclose and how to disclose. This paper describes the model for HIV status disclosure in which HIV-positive children/adolescents are informed about their diagnosis in a process conducted by young peers under healthcare worker (HCW) supervision in a hospital in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. This new take on HIV status disclosure involving peers includes four stages that help the trained peer supporters to provide appropriate counseling, taking into account the age and level of maturity of the child/adolescent: the preliminary stage, the partial disclosure stage, the full disclosure stage, and the post-disclosure follow-up stage. Of all children/adolescents whose HIV status disclosure data were documented at Kalembelembe Pediatric Hospital (KLLPH) between 2004 and 2016, we found that disclosure by peers was highly accepted by parents, children/adolescents, and health workers. Compared to children/adolescents disclosed to by HCWs or parents, children/adolescents disclosed to by peers had (a) fewer depressive symptoms reported, (b) better drug adherence resulting in higher viral load suppression, and (c) a higher proportion of survivors on treatment. We found that involving peers in the disclosure process of HIV is an important approach to ensure adherence to treatment, resilience, and mental wellbeing of HIV-infected children/adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustin Nd Kitetele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalembelembe Pediatric Hospital, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Wenche Dageid
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gilbert M Lelo
- Centre Neuro-Psycho-Pathologique de Kinshasa (CNPP), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Cathy E Akele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalembelembe Pediatric Hospital, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patricia V M Lelo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalembelembe Pediatric Hospital, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Patricia L Nyembo
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le SIDA, Kinshasa 012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Thorkild Tylleskär
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Espérance Kashala-Abotnes
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Sipowicz K, Pietras T. THE FEELING OF LONELINESS IN SOMATIC DISEASES AND MENTAL DISORDERS AS A NEW CHALLENGE OF MODERN MEDICINE. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:276-279. [PMID: 37589116 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202303116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the paper to reflect on the meaning of the sense of loneliness caused by illness. The work is a selective narrative review with particular emphasis on attempts to define the feeling of loneliness, as well as the results of own research. The problem of loneliness affects not only patients, but also their families and caregivers. As it follows from the literature review, the issue of loneliness has been much better studied in mental disorders than in somatic diseases. In addition, the analysed research shows that the presence of the disease is the main variable determining the feeling of loneliness in the population of people in late adulthood. The feeling of loneliness turns out to be a key element of the psychosocial aspect of any disease. Therefore, it would be necessary to consider in the future how this adverse psychosocial phenomenon could be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Sipowicz
- DEPARTMENT OF INTERDISCIPLINARY DISABILITY STUDIES, MARIA GRZEGORZEWSKA UNIVERSITY IN WARSAW, WARSAW, POLAND
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- SECOND DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY IN WARSAW, WARSAW, POLAND
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