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Vasilakopoulou PB, Yanni AE, Fanarioti E, Dermon CR, Karathanos VT, Chiou A. Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in the Liver of Wistar Rats after a Dietary Enrichment with Corinthian Currant ( Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena): A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11549-11560. [PMID: 38718199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Corinthian currants are dried fruits produced from Vitis vinifera L. var. Apyrena grape. This study investigated the distribution of phenolic compounds in male Wistar rat livers following two distinct Corinthian currant long-term dietary intake protocols (3 and 10% w/w). Method optimization, comparing fresh and lyophilized tissues, achieved satisfactory recoveries (>70%) for most analytes. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (37 °C, pH 5.0) minimally affected phenolics, but enzyme addition showed diverse effects. Hydrolyzed lyophilized liver tissue from rats consuming Corinthian currants (3 and 10% w/w) exhibited elevated levels of isorhamnetin (20.62 ± 2.27 ng/g tissue and 33.80 ± 1.38 ng/g tissue, respectively), along with similar effects for kaempferol, quercetin, and chrysin after prolonged Corinthian currant intake. This suggests their presence as phase II metabolites in the fasting-state liver. This study is the first to explore phenolic accumulation in rat liver, simulating real conditions of dried fruit consumption, as seen herein with Corinthian currant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi B Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amalia E Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Eleni Fanarioti
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Catherine R Dermon
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
- Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, 25100 Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
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Corinthian Currants Supplementation Restores Serum Polar Phenolic Compounds, Reduces IL-1beta, and Exerts Beneficial Effects on Gut Microbiota in the Streptozotocin-Induced Type-1 Diabetic Rat. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030415. [PMID: 36984855 PMCID: PMC10051135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the possible benefits of a dietary intervention with Corinthian currants, a rich source of phenolic compounds, on type 1 diabetes (T1D) using the animal model of the streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control animals, which received a control diet (CD) or a diet supplemented with 10% w/w Corinthian currants (CCD), and diabetic animals, which received a control diet (DCD) or a currant diet (DCCD) for 4 weeks. Plasma biochemical parameters, insulin, polar phenolic compounds, and inflammatory factors were determined. Microbiota populations in tissue and intestinal fluid of the caecum, as well as fecal microbiota populations and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were measured. Fecal microbiota was further analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results of the study showed that a Corinthian currant-supplemented diet restored serum polar phenolic compounds and decreased interleukin-1b (IL-1b) (p < 0.05) both in control and diabetic animals. Increased caecal lactobacilli counts (p < 0.05) and maintenance of enterococci levels within normal range were observed in the intestinal fluid of the DCCD group (p < 0.05 compared to DCD). Higher acetic acid levels were detected in the feces of diabetic rats that received the currant diet compared to the animals that received the control diet (p < 0.05). Corinthian currant could serve as a beneficial dietary component in the condition of T1D based on the results coming from the animal model of the STZ-induced T1D rat.
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Vasilakopoulou PB, Gousgouni AT, Yanni AE, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karathanos VT, Chiou A. Polar Phenol Detection in Plasma and Serum: Insights on Sample Pre-Treatment for LC/MS Analysis and Application on the Serum of Corinthian Currant-Fed Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121838. [PMID: 36551268 PMCID: PMC9775334 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of plasma and serum provides valuable information on the amounts of polar phenols' circulating after ingestion. In the present study, protein precipitation (PPT), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), enzymatic hydrolysis and their combinations were meticulously evaluated for the extraction of a variety of polar phenolic moieties from plasma and serum. The recovery values of the above methods were compared; satisfactory recoveries (>60%) were attained for most analytes. Polar phenol aglycones undergo degradation with enzymatic hydrolysis; however, their extended phase II metabolism makes enzymatic hydrolysis a mandated process for their analysis in such biofluids. Hence, enzymatic hydrolysis followed by LLE was used for the identification of polar phenols in rats' serum, after the long-term oral consumption of Corinthian Currant. Corinthian Currant is a Greek dried vine product rich in bioactive polar phenolics. Flavonoids and phenolic acids, detected as aglycones, ranged from 0.57 ± 0.08 to 181.66 ± 48.95 and 3.45 ± 1.20 to 897.81 ± 173.96 ng/mL, respectively. The majority of polar phenolics were present as phase II metabolites, representing their fasting state in the blood stream. This is the first study evaluating the presence of polar phenolics in the serum of rats following a long-term diet supplemented with Corinthian Currant as a whole food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi B. Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Aimilia-Tatiana Gousgouni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
- Agricultural Cooperatives’ Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, 251 00 Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-9549-157; Fax: +30-210-9577050
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Vasilakopoulou PB, Fanarioti Ε, Tsarouchi M, Kokotou MG, Dermon CR, Karathanos VT, Chiou A. Polar phenol detection in rat brain: Development and validation of a versatile UHPLC-MS method and application on the brain tissues of Corinthian currant (Vitis vinifera L.,var. Apyrena) fed rats. Food Chem 2022; 390:133131. [PMID: 35551023 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a rapid and selective bioanalytical method, using UHPLC-Orbitrap MS, for the determination of brain polar phenolics and to apply it in rats that orally consumed Corinthian currant for 38 days. Corinthian currant, is a dried vine fruit rich in polar phenolics that potentially penetrate the brain. During method optimization fresh and lyophilized tissues were comparatively studied along with different solid-phase extraction cartridges; satisfactory recoveries (>80%) for almost all analytes were attained using fresh tissues and Oasis® HLB cartridges. Brain regional levels in phenol concentrations were then determined; isoquercetin showed higher concentrations in frontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum (14.0 ± 5.5, 6.6 ± 2.0, and 2.9 ± 1.3 ng/g tissue, respectively); rutin and gallic acid in cerebellum and isorhamnetin, quercetin and rutin in hippocampus of the Corinthian currant supplemented rat group compared to the control. This is the first study investigating polar phenolics' accumulation in rat brain after Corinthian currant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi B Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Εleni Fanarioti
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Martha Tsarouchi
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Catherine R Dermon
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece; Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, 25100, Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece.
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Nezbedova L, McGhie T, Christensen M, Heyes J, Nasef NA, Mehta S. Onco-Preventive and Chemo-Protective Effects of Apple Bioactive Compounds. Nutrients 2021; 13:4025. [PMID: 34836282 PMCID: PMC8618396 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Epidemiological studies have strongly linked a diet high in fruits to a lower incidence of cancer. Furthermore, extensive research shows that secondary plant metabolites known as phytochemicals, which are commonly found in fruits, have onco-preventive and chemo-protective effects. Apple is a commonly consumed fruit worldwide that is available all year round and is a rich source of phytochemicals. In this review, we summarize the association of apple consumption with cancer incidence based on findings from epidemiological and cohort studies. We further provide a comprehensive review of the main phytochemical patterns observed in apples and their bioavailability after consumption. Finally, we report on the latest findings from in vitro and in vivo studies highlighting some of the key molecular mechanisms targeted by apple phytochemicals in relation to inhibiting multiple 'hallmarks of cancer' that are important in the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nezbedova
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.N.); (J.H.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Tony McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Mark Christensen
- Heritage Food Crops Research Trust, Whanganui 4501, New Zealand;
| | - Julian Heyes
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Noha Ahmed Nasef
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Pathology Department, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Mountaki C, Dafnis I, Panagopoulou EA, Vasilakopoulou PB, Karvelas M, Chiou A, Karathanos VT, Chroni A. Mechanistic insight into the capacity of natural polar phenolic compounds to abolish Alzheimer's disease-associated pathogenic effects of apoE4 forms. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:284-301. [PMID: 34019932 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polar phenols found in plant foods have been suggested to act protectively against pathogenic processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as oxidative stress. The major risk factor for AD is apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) and apoE4 forms can affect AD-related processes. It was shown previously that the hereditary apoE4 mutant apoE4[L28P], as well as the apoE4 fragment apoE4-165, induce neuronal oxidative stress. The effect of polar phenols on AD-related pathogenic functions of apoE4 forms is largely unexplored. The aim was to examine the effect of Corinthian currant polar phenolic extract and specific polar phenols resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol and epigallocatechin gallate on AD-related functions of apoE4 forms. The polar phenolic extract and the individual compounds restored the viability of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells in the presence of lipoprotein-associated apoE4[L28P] and prevented changes in cellular redox status. Furthermore, resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol and epigallocatechin gallate prevented redox status changes induced by Aβ42 uptake in SK-N-SH cells treated with lipid-free apoE4[L28P] or apoE4-165. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of action of these polar phenols showed that resveratrol prevented cellular Aβ42 uptake via changes in cell membrane fluidity. Interestingly, kaempferol prevented cellular Aβ42 uptake by apoE4[L28P], but not by apoE4-165, due to a modulating effect on apoE4[L28P] secondary structure and stability. The action of quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate could be attributed to free radical-scavenging or other protective activity. Overall, it is shown for the first time that natural compounds could modify the structure of apoE4 forms and ameliorate AD-related pathogenic effects of apoE4 forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mountaki
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dafnis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini A Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Paraskevi B Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Michalis Karvelas
- Research and Development Department, Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Kallithea, Greece; Research and Development Department, Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Aeghion, Greece
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
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Mediterranean Raisins/Currants as Traditional Superfoods: Processing, Health Benefits, Food Applications and Future Trends within the Bio-Economy Era. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review elaborates on the significance of Mediterranean raisins, focusing particularly on indigenous Greek varieties (e.g., Zante currants) as a previously overlooked traditional food, currently brought on the spotlight, resulting from the increased consumers’ awareness to improve wellness through diet modification. Recent studies on the effect of processing steps on final quality, along with findings on the potential health benefits raisins and currants elicit, are also presented. The development of novel functional food products to further exploit the nutritional value and the bioactive compounds of raisins is evidenced in view of indicating potential food industry applications. Moreover, valorization options of waste and by-product streams obtained from processing facilities are also proposed. Conclusively, raisins and currants should be further enhanced and incorporated in a balanced diet regime through the inclusion in novel foods formulation. Evidently, both the processing of the onset material and side-streams management, are essential to ensure sustainability. Hence, the article also highlights integrated biorefinery approaches, targeting the production of high-value added products that could be re-introduced in the food supply chain and conform with the pillars of bio-economy.
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Papada E, Gioxari A, Amerikanou C, Galanis N, Kaliora AC. An Absorption and Plasma Kinetics Study of Monoterpenes Present in Mastiha Oil in Humans. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081019. [PMID: 32751415 PMCID: PMC7466295 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes are bioactive compounds, however studies on their metabolic fate in humans are scarce. The present work aimed to identify and quantify the bioactive monoterpenes myrcene, α- and β-pinene of the Mediterranean product Mastiha Oil, in human plasma after acute consumption of a single dose. This was an open-label, single-arm acute study. After overnight fasting, healthy males were administered with Mastiha Oil. Blood samples were collected on different time-points before and after consumption. A novel GC-MS-MS application was performed to detect and quantify terpenes in MO and in plasma. Serum lipid resistance to oxidation was also determined. Alpha-Pinene, β-pinene and myrcene were identified and quantified in plasma. Alpha-pinene concentration significantly increased after 0.5 h of Mastiha Oil consumption, remaining significantly increased at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h. Beta-pinene and myrcene followed similar patterns. The increase in serum lipid resistance to oxidation was significant at 1 h, reached its peak at 2 h and remained significant until 4 h. Conclusively, α-pinene, β-pinene and myrcene that are present in Mastiha Oil are absorbed by humans. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04290312).
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Qian Y, Markowitz JS. Natural Products as Modulators of CES1 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:993-1007. [PMID: 32591414 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) 1 is the predominant esterase expressed in the human liver and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of a wide range of therapeutic agents, toxins, and endogenous compounds. Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between the expression and activity of CES1 and the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of CES1 substrate medications (e.g., methylphenidate, clopidogrel, oseltamivir). Therefore, any perturbation of CES1 by coingested xenobiotics could potentially compromise treatment. Natural products are known to alter drug disposition by modulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, but this issue is less thoroughly explored with CES1. We report the results of a systematic literature search and discuss natural products as potential modulators of CES1 activity. The majority of research reports reviewed were in vitro investigations that require further confirmation through clinical study. Cannabis products (Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol); supplements from various plant sources containing naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, oleanolic acid, and asiatic acid; and certain traditional medicines (danshen and zhizhuwan) appear to pose the highest inhibition potential. In addition, ursolic acid, gambogic acid, and glycyrrhetic acid, if delivered intravenously, may attain high enough systemic concentrations to significantly inhibit CES1. The provision of a translational interpretation of in vitro assessments of natural product actions and interactions is limited by the dearth of basic pharmacokinetic data of the natural compounds exhibiting potent in vitro influences on CES1 activity. This is a major impediment to assigning even potential clinical significance. The modulatory effects on CES1 expression after chronic exposure to natural products warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Modulation of CES1 activity by natural products may alter the course of treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have summarized the natural products that can potentially interact with CES1 substrate medications. We have also noted the limitations of existing reports and outlined challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Qian
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Olmo-Cunillera A, Escobar-Avello D, Pérez AJ, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Vallverdú-Queralt A. Is Eating Raisins Healthy? Nutrients 2019; 12:E54. [PMID: 31878160 PMCID: PMC7019280 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Raisins are dried grapes consumed worldwide that contain beneficial components for human health. They are rich in fiber and phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds. Despite a 60% sugar content, several studies have reported health-promoting properties for raisins and this review compiles the intervention studies, as well as the cell line and animal model studies carried out to date. It has been demonstrated that raisins possess a low-to-moderate glycemic index, which makes them a healthy snack. They seem to contribute to a better diet quality and may reduce appetite. Their antioxidant capacity has been correlated to the phenolic content and this may be involved in the improvement of cardiovascular health. In addition, raisins maintain a good oral health due to their antibacterial activity, low adherence to teeth and an optimum oral pH. Raisin consumption also seems to be favorable for colon function, although more studies should be done to conclude this benefit. Moreover, gut microbiota could be affected by the prebiotic content of raisins. Cell line and animal model studies show other potential benefits in specific diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. However, deeper research is required and future intervention studies with humans are needed. Overall, incorporating an 80-90 g portion of raisins (half a cup) into the daily diet may be favorable for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Olmo-Cunillera
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (A.O.-C.); (D.E.-A.); (M.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Danilo Escobar-Avello
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (A.O.-C.); (D.E.-A.); (M.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Andy J. Pérez
- Departmento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4191996, Chile;
| | - María Marhuenda-Muñoz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (A.O.-C.); (D.E.-A.); (M.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (A.O.-C.); (D.E.-A.); (M.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (A.O.-C.); (D.E.-A.); (M.M.-M.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Chueh CC, Lin LJ, Lin WC, Huang SH, Jan MS, Chang SC, Chung WS, Lee TT. Antioxidant capacity of banana peel and its modulation of Nrf2-ARE associated gene expression in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1667884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chi Chueh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li Jen Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chih Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming Shiou Jan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shen Chang Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Sheng Chung
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Bacterial Cellulose Production Using the Corinthian Currant Finishing Side-Stream and Cheese Whey: Process Optimization and Textural Characterization. Foods 2019; 8:foods8060193. [PMID: 31167497 PMCID: PMC6617255 DOI: 10.3390/foods8060193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop bioprocesses to produce a high-value microbial product, bacterial cellulose (BC), utilizing the industrial side-stream of Corinthian currants finishing (CFS), with/without the addition of N-sources and cheese whey, and at various process conditions (temperature, pH level, and sugar concentration). For the optimization of BC production, the response surface methodology based on the central composite design was applied. Among the possible retrieved combinations, the most ideal conditions for BC in CFS extracts supplemented with N-source were 28 °C, pH 6.42, and 46.24 g/L concentration of sugars. In a similar manner, the best conditions for BC production in CFS/whey mixtures were pH 6.36, 50.4% whey percentage in the mixture, and 1.7% yeast extract. The textural characteristics of the produced BC, at different times of production and using different drying methods, were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, porosimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, revealing increased porosity of BC compared with delignified cellulosic materials of plant origin, and a level of crystallinity that depended on the BC production time. The proposed methodology can be used to produce foods with potential prebiotic properties, using the highly nutritious CFS and the abundant cheese whey effluent as raw materials.
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Nakajima K, Maeda N, Oiso S, Kariyazono H. Decreased Plasma Octanoylated Ghrelin Levels in Mice by Oleanolic Acid. J Oleo Sci 2018; 68:103-109. [PMID: 30542007 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived peptide hormone with an appetite-stimulating effect. Octanoylation on the serine-3 residue of ghrelin by ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT) is essential for its orexigenic effect. Mature octanoylated ghrelin is generated by the C-terminal cleavage of octanoylated proghrelin via prohormone convertases (furin, PC1/3, or PC2). We previously established an AGS-GHRL8 cell line that produces octanoylated ghrelin in the presence of octanoic acid, and found that oleanolic acid suppresses octanoylated ghrelin production in AGS-GHRL8 cells. Here, we investigated the effects of oleanolic acid in C57BL/6J mice fed a standard, high-fat, or high-glucose diet. Oral administration of oleanolic acid for seven days (20 or 40 mg/kg) reduced plasma octanoylated ghrelin levels and body weight gain in the standard diet-fed mice but not in other two diet-fed mice. There were no significant differences in ghrelin, GOAT, furin, PC1/3, and PC2 gene expression levels between the vehicle- and oleanolic acid-treated mice fed a standard diet. Octanoyl-CoA is a substrate for ghrelin octanoylation by GOAT. We found that oleanolic acid did not affect octanoyl-CoA production in vitro. Hence, the inhibitory effect of oleanolic acid on octanoylated ghrelin production may not be related to the decrease in octanoyl-CoA. The results of this study may provide valuable knowledge for the development of anti-obesity agents with an inhibitory effect on octanoylated ghrelin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Nakajima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Narumi Maeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Shigeru Oiso
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Hiroko Kariyazono
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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Variety Identification of Raisins Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112907. [PMID: 30412997 PMCID: PMC6278444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different varieties of raisins have different nutritional properties and vary in commercial value. An identification method of raisin varieties using hyperspectral imaging was explored. Hyperspectral images of two different varieties of raisins (Wuhebai and Xiangfei) at spectral range of 874–1734 nm were acquired, and each variety contained three grades. Pixel-wise spectra were extracted and preprocessed by wavelet transform and standard normal variate, and object-wise spectra (sample average spectra) were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) of object-wise spectra and pixel-wise spectra were conducted to select effective wavelengths. Pixel-wise PCA scores images indicated differences between two varieties and among different grades. SVM (Support Vector Machine), k-NN (k-nearest Neighbors Algorithm), and RBFNN (Radial Basis Function Neural Network) models were built to discriminate two varieties of raisins. Results indicated that both SVM and RBFNN models based on object-wise spectra using optimal wavelengths selected by PCA could be used for raisin variety identification. The visualization maps verified the effectiveness of using hyperspectral imaging to identify raisin varieties.
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Papada E, Gioxari A, Brieudes V, Amerikanou C, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis AL, Smyrnioudis I, Kaliora AC. Bioavailability of Terpenes and Postprandial Effect on Human Antioxidant Potential. An Open-Label Study in Healthy Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29171157 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To assess bioavailability of terpenes in human plasma and their effect on oxidative stress biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS In this open-label and single arm postprandial trial, seventeen healthy male volunteers (20-40 years old) follow a low-phytochemical diet for 5 days. Next, after overnight fasting, volunteers consume Mastiha powder (a natural resin rich in terpenes) dispersed in water. Blood samples are collected on time points 0 h (before ingestion) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h (post-ingestion). Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography high-resolution MS (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) is applied for high throughput analysis of plasma. Serum resistance to oxidation and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels are measured. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis shows that major terpenes are bioavailable since 0.5 h after administration, reaching a peak between 2 h and 4 h. Serum resistance to oxidation, expressed as difference of tLAG (time point-0 h), starts to increase from 0.5 h. This increase reaches statistical significance at 4 h (402.3 ± 65.0 s), peaks at 6 h (524.6 ± 62.9 s), and remains statistically significant until 24 h (424.2 ± 48.0 s). oxLDL levels, expressed as %change from 0 h, are reduced significantly from time point-1 h until time point-6 h. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate the terpene bioavailability pattern after oral administration of Mastiha. Terpenes are potential mediators of antioxidant defense in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Papada
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
| | - Vincent Brieudes
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University Athens, Greece
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Kanellos PT, Kaliora AC, Protogerou AD, Tentolouris N, Perrea DN, Karathanos VT. The effect of raisins on biomarkers of endothelial function and oxidant damage; an open-label and randomized controlled intervention. Food Res Int 2017; 102:674-680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Buckland G, Pastor A, Lujan-Barroso L, Gonzalez CA, Travier N, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Agudo A, Navarro C, Chirlaque MD, Sánchez MJ, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Barricarte A, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Molinuevo A, Quirós JR, de la Torre R. Determination of oleanolic acid in human plasma and its association with olive oil intake in healthy Spanish adults within the EPIC Spain cohort study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Leila Lujan-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Nursing of Public Health; Mental Health and Maternity and Child Health, School of Nursing; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonzalez
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Noemie Travier
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa; BioDonostia Research Institute; Donostia-San Sebastian; Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Murcia Regional Health Council; IMIB-Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Murcia Regional Health Council; IMIB-Arrixaca Murcia Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia; Spain
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Murcia Regional Health Council; IMIB-Arrixaca Murcia Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia; Spain
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Andaluzian School of Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs; Granada Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Navarra Public Health Institute; Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA; Navarra Institute for Health Research; Pamplona Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Navarra Public Health Institute; Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA; Navarra Institute for Health Research; Pamplona Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa; BioDonostia Research Institute; Donostia-San Sebastian; Spain
| | - Amaia Molinuevo
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
| | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS); Pompeu Fabra University (UPF); Barcelona Spain
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Oleanolic Acid Alters Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways: Implication in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030643. [PMID: 28300756 PMCID: PMC5372655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, much attention has been paid to diet and dietary supplements as a cost-effective therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of a myriad of chronic and degenerative diseases. Rapidly accumulating scientific evidence achieved through high-throughput technologies has greatly expanded the understanding about the multifaceted nature of cancer. Increasingly, it is being realized that deregulation of spatio-temporally controlled intracellular signaling cascades plays a contributory role in the onset and progression of cancer. Therefore, targeting regulators of oncogenic signaling cascades is essential to prevent and treat cancer. A plethora of preclinical and epidemiological evidences showed promising role of phytochemicals against several types of cancer. Oleanolic acid, a common pentacyclic triterpenoid, is mainly found in olive oil, as well as several plant species. It is a potent inhibitor of cellular inflammatory process and a well-known inducer of phase 2 xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes. Main molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of oleanolic acid are mediated by caspases, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, matrix metalloproteinases, pro-apoptotic Bax and bid, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt1/mechanistic target of rapamycin, reactive oxygen species/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, cluster of differentiation 1, CKD4, s6k, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, as well as aforementioned signaling pathways . In this work, we critically review the scientific literature on the molecular targets of oleanolic acid implicated in the prevention and treatment of several types of cancer. We also discuss chemical aspects, natural sources, bioavailability, and safety of this bioactive phytochemical.
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Pentacyclic Triterpene Bioavailability: An Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030400. [PMID: 28273859 PMCID: PMC6155290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes are naturally found in a great variety of fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants and are therefore part of the human diet. The beneficial health effects of edible and medicinal plants have partly been associated with their triterpene content, but the in vivo efficacy in humans depends on many factors, including absorption and metabolism. This review presents an overview of in vitro and in vivo studies that were carried out to determine the bioavailability of pentacyclic triterpenes and highlights the efforts that have been performed to improve the dissolution properties and absorption of these compounds. As plant matrices play a critical role in triterpene bioaccessibility, this review covers literature data on the bioavailability of pentacyclic triterpenes ingested either from foods and medicinal plants or in their free form.
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Kaliora AC, Kanellos PT, Gioxari A, Karathanos VT. Regulation of GIP and Ghrelin in Healthy Subjects Fed on Sun-Dried Raisins: A Pilot Study with a Crossover Trial Design. J Med Food 2017; 20:301-308. [PMID: 28170279 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparative effects of glucose and fructose on appetite and specifically on hormones regulating appetite remain controversial, and the role of different types of sugars has not been investigated broadly. To estimate the effect of raisins, a dried fruit rich in fructose, fibers, and phenolics, on hormones involved in the postprandial response. Ten healthy normal-weight subjects received in a crossover design 74 g raisins or 50 g glucose as reference food. Glucose, insulin, and appetite hormones were measured at time 0 and 60, 120, and 180 min after consumption. Glucose and insulin peaked significantly at 60 min in both trials with no difference in two trials. Gastric inhibitory peptide peaked significantly at 60 min in both trials and was found lower in raisin compared to glucose at 60 and 120 min postprandially. Ghrelin was lower in raisin compared to glucose at 120 and at 180 min postingestion. Ghrelin/obestatin ratio was lower at 120 min in raisin compared to glucose. No differences were reported for glucagon-like peptide-1, apelin, and obestatin in either trial. Raisin consumption could be favorable in terms of regulating appetite compared to refined sugars or glucose-based products in normal-weight healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis T Kanellos
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
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21
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Chen X, Zou L, Liu W, McClements DJ. Potential of Excipient Emulsions for Improving Quercetin Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity: An in Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3653-3660. [PMID: 27136205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential for excipient emulsions to enhance the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of quercetin was determined in this study. Oil-in-water excipient emulsions containing two levels (4 or 10%) of small lipid droplets (d < 250 nm) were prepared from a long-chain triglyceride (corn oil). The solubilization of quercetin by the excipient emulsions was faster than by bulk corn oil or bulk water, and the solubilization rate was higher at 100 °C than at 30 °C. The bioaccessibility of quercetin samples was determined using an in vitro gastrointestinal model, and the bioactivity of quercetin was determined using a rat feeding study. The excipient emulsions were more effective at enhancing quercetin bioaccessibility and rat plasma antioxidant activity than either bulk oil or bulk water. This effect was attributed to the rapid digestion of the long chain triglycerides when they were in an emulsified form, which led to the rapid production of mixed micelles capable of solubilizing, protecting, and transporting quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi China
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Yanni AE, Efthymiou V, Lelovas P, Agrogiannis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karathanos VT. Effects of dietary Corinthian currants (Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena) on atherosclerosis and plasma phenolic compounds during prolonged hypercholesterolemia in New Zealand White rabbits. Food Funct 2016; 6:963-71. [PMID: 25662939 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corinthian currants are a rich source of phenolic compounds, which are known to exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. The hypothesis tested is whether dietary supplementation with currants attenuates atherosclerosis and affects plasma phenolics during prolonged hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were fed one of four diets (normal and supplemented with 10% currants, with 0.5% cholesterol, and with 0.5% cholesterol plus 10% currants) for eight weeks. Plasma lipids, glucose and hepatic enzymes were determined. Individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in plasma during the dietary intervention. At the end of the study, histological examinations of aorta and liver were performed. The high-cholesterol diet resulted in hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and induced aortic and hepatic lesion formation. Corinthian currant supplementation attenuated atherosclerotic lesions, maintained AST within the normal range and reduced oxidative stress without affecting glucose concentrations. The p-OH-benzoic and p-OH-phenylacetic acids predominated at high concentrations in plasma and remained almost constant during the study in the group that received the normal rabbit chow and the groups given food with added cholesterol either alone or supplemented with currants. Currant supplementation to the normal diet resulted in the reduced absorption of phenolic compounds, as revealed by the measurement of their plasma metabolites, suggesting a regulatory mechanism at the gut level under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia E Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671 Athens, Greece.
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Asghar MA, Ahmed A, Iqbal J. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in export quality raisins collected from different areas of Pakistan. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2016; 9:51-8. [PMID: 26653666 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2015.1127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During 2012-2014, 170 samples of export quality raisins were collected from different vendors in Pakistan. The collected samples were analysed for the presence of aflatoxins (AFs) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination using high-performance liquid chromatography technique. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of AFs/OTA were 0.12/0.10 and 0.36/0.30 µg kg(-1), respectively. Only 5% of the samples were contaminated with AFs, ranging 0.15-2.58 µg kg(-1) with a mean of 0.05 ± 0.26 µg kg(-1). None of the raisin samples exhibited AFs contamination above the maximum limit (ML = 4 µg kg(-1)) as set by the European Union (EU). About 72% of the samples were contaminated with OTA, ranging 0.14-12.75 µg kg(-1) with a mean of 2.10 ± 1.9 µg kg(-1). However, in 95.3% of the tested samples, OTA level was lower than the ML of 10 µg kg(-1) as regulated by the EU. Apparently, a strict and continuous monitoring plan, including regulatory limits, improves food safety and quality for all types of commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Asghar
- a Food and Feed Safety Laboratory , Food and Marine Resources Research Centre , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- a Food and Feed Safety Laboratory , Food and Marine Resources Research Centre , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- a Food and Feed Safety Laboratory , Food and Marine Resources Research Centre , Karachi , Pakistan.,b Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences , Waterford Institute of Technology , Waterford , Republic of Ireland
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Kaliora AC, Kokkinos A, Diolintzi A, Stoupaki M, Gioxari A, Kanellos PT, Dedoussis GVZ, Vlachogiannakos J, Revenas C, Ladas SD, Karathanos VT. The effect of minimal dietary changes with raisins in NAFLD patients with non-significant fibrosis: a randomized controlled intervention. Food Funct 2016; 7:4533-4544. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at investigating the potential effect of minimal dietary changes in NAFLD patients with non-significant fibrosis, 55 patients with NAFLD were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial.
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Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:21138-56. [PMID: 26633317 PMCID: PMC6331972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of vegetables and fruits is inversely associated with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits are considered to be responsible for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals can be found in many foods and medicinal plants, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities, as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes recent progress on the health benefits of antioxidant phytochemicals, and discusses their potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
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26
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Neuroprotective therapeutics from botanicals and phytochemicals against Huntington's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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