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Stanbury DM. The principle of detailed balancing, the iron-catalyzed disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide, and the Fenton reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2135-2157. [PMID: 35029613 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The iron-catalyzed disproportionation of H2O2 has been investigated for over a century, as has been its ability to induce the oxidation of other species present in the system (Fenton reaction). The mechanisms of these reactions have been under consideration at least since 1932. Unfortunately, little or no attention has been paid to ensuring the conformity of the proposed mechanisms and rate constants with the constraints of the principle of detailed balancing. Here we identify more than 200 publications having mechanisms that violate the principle of detailed balancing. These violations occur through the use of incorrect values for certain rate constants, the use of incorrect forms of the rate laws for certain steps in the mechanisms, and the inclusion of illegal loops. A core mechanism for the iron-catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 is proposed that is consistent with the principle of detailed balancing and includes both the one-electron oxidation of H2O2 by Fe(III) and the Fe(II) reduction of HO2˙.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Stanbury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Wahab OO, Olasunkanmi LO, Govender KK, Govender PP. A DFT Study of Disperse Yellow 119 Degradation Mechanism by Hydroxyl Radical Attack. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaide O. Wahab
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lukman O. Olasunkanmi
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceObafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife 220005 Nigeria
| | - Krishna K. Govender
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
- Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchMeraka InstituteCentre for High Performance Computing 15 Lower Hope Road, Rosebank Cape Town 7700 South Africa
| | - Penny P. Govender
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Johannesburg South Africa
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Wu Q, Li Y, Wang W, Wang T, Hu H. Removal of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by low pressure UV/chlorine advanced oxidation. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 41:227-234. [PMID: 26969069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are commonly found as pollutants in wastewater from the textile industry, and can cause environmental problems because of their color and toxicity. The removal of a typical azo dye named C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) during low pressure ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine oxidation was investigated in this study. UV irradiation at 254nm and addition of free chlorine provided much higher removal rates of RR2 and color than UV irradiation or chlorination alone. Increasing the free chlorine dose enhanced the removal efficiency of RR2 and color by UV/chlorine oxidation. Experiments performed with nitrobenzene (NB) or benzoic acid (BA) as scavengers showed that radicals (especially OH) formed during UV/chlorine oxidation are important in the RR2 removal. Addition of HCO3(-) and Cl(-) to the RR2 solution did not inhibit the removal of RR2 during UV/chlorine oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wu CH, Kuo CY, Lai CH, Chung WY. Surface characteristics and photocatalytic properties of TiO2–In2O3 composite powders by using the sol–gel method: effects of preparation conditions. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bagal MV, Gogate PR. Wastewater treatment using hybrid treatment schemes based on cavitation and Fenton chemistry: a review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1-14. [PMID: 23968578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes such as cavitation and Fenton chemistry have shown considerable promise for wastewater treatment applications due to the ease of operation and simple reactor design. In this review, hybrid methods based on cavitation coupled with Fenton process for the treatment of wastewater have been discussed. The basics of individual processes (Acoustic cavitation, Hydrodynamic cavitation, Fenton chemistry) have been discussed initially highlighting the need for combined processes. The different types of reactors used for the combined processes have been discussed with some recommendations for large scale operation. The effects of important operating parameters such as solution temperature, initial pH, initial pollutant concentration and Fenton's reagent dosage have been discussed with guidelines for selection of optimum parameters. The optimization of power density is necessary for ultrasonic processes (US) and combined processes (US/Fenton) whereas the inlet pressure needs to be optimized in the case of Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) based processes. An overview of different pollutants degraded under optimized conditions using HC/Fenton and US/Fenton process with comparison with individual processes have been presented. It has been observed that the main mechanism for the synergy of the combined process depends on the generation of additional hydroxyl radicals and its proper utilization for the degradation of the pollutant, which is strongly dependent on the loading of hydrogen peroxide. Overall, efficient wastewater treatment with high degree of energy efficiency can be achieved using combined process operating under optimized conditions, as compared to the individual process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha V Bagal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India
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Decolorization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by a large specific surface area In2TiO5: photodegradation and adsorption. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-013-0625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lin CF, Shiu YJ, Kuo CS, Lin AYC, Wu CH, Hong PKA. Photocatalytic degradation of morphine, methamphetamine, and ketamine by illuminated TiO2 and ZnO. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-013-0621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wu MC, Wu CH. Decolorization of C.I. reactive red 198 in UV/oxidant and UV/TiO2/oxidant systems. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-011-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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