Amperometric biosensors in an uncompetitive inhibition processes: a complete theoretical and numerical analysis

Advances in Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Management in Bovine Mastitis

Mastitis causes huge economic losses to dairy farmers worldwide, which largely negatively affects the quality and quantity of milk. Mastitis decreases overall milk production, degrades milk quality, increases milk losses because of milk being discarded, and increases overall production costs due to higher treatment and labour costs and premature culling. This review article discusses mastitis with respect to its clinical epidemiology, the pathogens involved, economic losses, and basic and advanced diagnostic tools that have been used in recent times to diagnose mastitis effectively. There is an increasing focus on the application of novel therapeutic approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy because of the decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics, emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, issue of antibiotic residues in the food chain, food safety issues, and environmental impacts. This article also discussed nanoparticles'/chitosan's roles in antibiotic-resistant strains and ethno-veterinary practices for mastitis treatment in dairy cattle.

Modelling of Biotrickling Filters for Treatment of NOx Analytical Expressions for the NOx Concentration in Both Gas and Biofilm Phases

A mathematical model of an ideal biotrickling filter (BF) system that inoculates a recently identified strain of Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 and brings about efficient nitrogen oxide treatment is discussed. The proposed model is based on nonlinear mass transport equations at the gas–biofilm interface. Using Akbari–Ganji’s technique, approximate analytical expressions for the nitric oxide concentration in the gaseous and biofilm phases were developed for all feasible system parameters. In addition, to investigate the dynamic behaviour of the system, a numerical analysis of the problem is provided using MATLAB tools. To demonstrate this new approach, graphical data are provided and quantitatively discussed. This theoretical result has good agreement with the numerical simulation (MATLAB) results for the experimental values of parameters.

Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Nonlinear Processes in Amperometric Enzyme Electrodes with Cyclic Substrate Conversion

A theoretical model of amperometric enzyme electrodes has been developed in which chemical amplification occurs in a single enzyme membrane via cyclic substrate conversion. The system is based on non-stationary diffusion equations with a nonlinear factor related to the Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the enzymatic reaction. By solving the nonlinear equations using the AGM technique, simple analytical expressions of concentration substrate, product, and amperometric current response are derived. Further, biosensor sensitivity, resistance, and gain are obtained from the current. MATLAB programming was used to carry out the digital simulation. The analytical results are validated with the numerical results. The effect of substrate concentration, maximum enzymatic rate, and membrane thickness on biosensor response was evaluated.