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Ivanjko N, Stokovic N, Milesevic M, Rumenovic V, Windhager R, Sampath KT, Kovacic N, Grcevic D, Vukicevic S. rhBMP6 in autologous blood coagulum is a preferred osteoinductive device to rhBMP2 on bovine collagen sponge in the rat ectopic bone formation assay. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115844. [PMID: 37948990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoinductive BMPs require a suitable delivery system for treating various pathological conditions of the spine and segmental bone defects. INFUSE, the only commercially available BMP-based osteoinductive device, consisting of rhBMP2 on bovine absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) showed major disadvantages due to serious side effects. A novel osteoinductive device, OSTEOGROW, comprised of rhBMP6 dispersed within autologous blood coagulum (ABC) is a promising therapy for bone regeneration, subjected to several clinical trials for diaphysial bone repair and spinal fusion. In the present study, we have examined the release dynamics showing that the ABC carrier provided a slower, more steady BMP release in comparison to the ACS. Rat subcutaneous assay was employed to evaluate cellular events and the time course of ectopic osteogenesis. The host cellular response to osteoinductive implants was evaluated by flow cytometry, while dynamics of bone formation and maintenance in time were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry and micro CT analyses. Flow cytometry revealed that the recruitment of lymphoid cell populations was significantly higher in rhBMP6/ABC implants, while rhBMP2/ACS implants recruited more myeloid populations. Furthermore, rhBMP6/ABC implants more efficiently attracted early and committed progenitor cells. Dynamics of bone formation induced by rhBMP2/ACS was characterized by a delayed endochondral ossification process in comparison to rhBMP6/ABC implants. Besides, rhBMP6/ABC implants induced more ectopic bone volume in all observed time points in comparison to rhBMP2/ACS implants. These results indicate that OSTEOGROW was superior to INFUSE due to ABC's advantages as a carrier and rhBMP6 superior efficacy in inducing bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ivanjko
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Stokovic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Milesevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Viktorija Rumenovic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Natasa Kovacic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grcevic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Du J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yang Z, Xue S, Xu G, Zheng B, Chen C. miR-1301-3p promotes invasion and migration and EMT progression in esophageal cancer by downregulating NBL1 expression. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:3032-3041. [PMID: 37680006 PMCID: PMC10599971 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is one of the most aggressive and lethal human malignant cancers. MicroRNA-1301-3p (miR-1301-3p) plays vital roles in a majority of malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-1301-3p/NBL1 axis on ESCA cell invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, as well as its association with prognosis of ESCA patients. METHODS The expression levels of miR-1301-3p and NBL1 were predicted by bioinformatics and further verified by RT-qPCR assays. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plotter analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between miR-1301-3p and clinicopathological variables and prognosis. The role of miR-1301-3p on cell invasion, migration was detected by transwell invasion, and wound healing assays, respectively. The EMT-related proteins were detected by western blot. The target genes and the target binding sites were predicted by bioinformatics and further determined by RT-qPCR assay. RESULTS MiR-1301-3p was remarkably upregulated in ESCA tissues and cells, and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis of ESCA. Overexpression of miR-1301-3p promoted ESCA cell invasion, migration and mediated EMT process in vitro, whereas knockdown of miR-1301-3p showed the opposite effects. Moreover, NBL1 was predicted as a target gene of miR-1301-3p. NBL1 was lowly expressed in ESCA cells and significantly decreased after upregulation of miR-1301-3p. Meanwhile, we found that low expression of NBL1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of ESCA patients. CONCLUSION MiR-1301-3p is a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of ESCA patients. It may promote ESCA invasion, migration and EMT progression by regulating NBL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Du
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shuliang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Songtao Xue
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Guobing Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University)Fujian Province UniversityFuzhouChina
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Huang M, Liu Y, Lu X. Genomic Basis of Adaptive Divergence in Leg Length between Ground- and Tree-Dwelling Species within a Bird Family. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad166. [PMID: 37708414 PMCID: PMC10516731 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hind limbs of tetrapods vary greatly in length and the variability can be associated with locomotor adaptation. Although the phenotypic evolution has been well documented, the underlying genetic basis remains poorly understood. We address this issue by integrating comparative genomics and functional prediction with a study system consisting of ground-dwelling, long-legged and tree-dwelling, short-legged species within the avian family Paridae. Genome-wide divergence and phenotypic correlation analyses jointly identified five highly divergent genomic regions that are significantly related with the difference in leg length between these two groups. Gene annotation for these regions detected three genes involved in skeletal development, that is, PTPA, BRINP1, and MIGA2, with the first one being under the strongest selection. Furthermore, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of PTPA can well distinguish the two groups with distinct leg length. Among the four SNPs, one is non-synonymous mutation, and according to the prediction for protein structure and function, it can affect the 3D structure of the encoded protein by altering the corresponding amino acid's position. The alleles of PTPA were found in all sequenced species of the orders Palaeognathae and Psittaciformes, which typically take a ground locomotion style. A whole-genome scanning across bird species uncovered that the four SNPs are more likely to be present in resident passerines with increased leg length/wing length ratios (a proxy of leg-dependent locomotion efficiency). Our findings provide insight into the molecular evolution of locomotion performance based on leg morphology in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanrui Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Gerhart J, George-Weinstein M. Myo/Nog Cells: The Jekylls and Hydes of the Lens. Cells 2023; 12:1725. [PMID: 37443759 PMCID: PMC10340492 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review a unique and versatile lineage composed of Myo/Nog cells that may be beneficial or detrimental depending on their environment and nature of the pathological stimuli they are exposed to. While we will focus on the lens, related Myo/Nog cell behaviors and functions in other tissues are integrated into the narrative of our research that spans over three decades, examines multiple species and progresses from early stages of embryonic development to aging adults. Myo/Nog cells were discovered in the embryonic epiblast by their co-expression of the skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor MyoD, the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1. They were tracked from the epiblast into the developing lens, revealing heterogeneity of cell types within this structure. Depletion of Myo/Nog cells in the epiblast results in eye malformations arising from the absence of Noggin. In the adult lens, Myo/Nog cells are the source of myofibroblasts whose contractions produce wrinkles in the capsule. Eliminating this population within the rabbit lens during cataract surgery reduces posterior capsule opacification to below clinically significant levels. Parallels are drawn between the therapeutic potential of targeting Myo/Nog cells to prevent fibrotic disease in the lens and other ocular tissues.
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Loh HY, Norman BP, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Nik Abd Rahman NMA, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Osman MA. Post-Transcriptional Regulatory Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Canonical TGF-β/BMP Signalling Cascades on Osteoblast Lineage: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076423. [PMID: 37047394 PMCID: PMC10094338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, single-stranded, and non-protein coding RNAs about 19 to 22 nucleotides in length, that have been reported to have important roles in the control of bone development. MiRNAs have a strong influence on osteoblast differentiation through stages of lineage commitment and maturation, as well as via controlling the activities of osteogenic signal transduction pathways. Generally, miRNAs may modulate cell stemness, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by binding the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of the target genes, which then can subsequently undergo messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or protein translational repression. MiRNAs manage the gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating multiple signalling cascades and essential transcription factors, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP), Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signalling pathways; the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2); and osterix (Osx). This shows that miRNAs are essential in regulating diverse osteoblast cell functions. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals and exert diverse functions in osteoblastogenesis, skeletal development and bone formation, bone homeostasis, and diseases. Herein, we highlighted the current state of in vitro and in vivo research describing miRNA regulation on the canonical TGF-β/BMP signalling, their effects on osteoblast linage, and understand their mechanism of action for the development of possible therapeutics. In this review, particular attention and comprehensive database searches are focused on related works published between the years 2000 to 2022, using the resources from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Loh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Brendan P Norman
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azuraidi Osman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Liu H, Müller PE, Aszódi A, Klar RM. Osteochondrogenesis by TGF-β3, BMP-2 and noggin growth factor combinations in an ex vivo muscle tissue model: Temporal function changes affecting tissue morphogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1140118. [PMID: 37008034 PMCID: PMC10060664 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1140118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of clear molecular insight, the biological mechanism behind the use of growth factors applied in osteochondral regeneration is still unresolved. The present study aimed to resolve whether multiple growth factors applied to muscle tissue in vitro, such as TGF-β3, BMP-2 and Noggin, can lead to appropriate tissue morphogenesis with a specific osteochondrogenic nature, thereby revealing the underlying molecular interaction mechanisms during the differentiation process. Interestingly, although the results showed the typical modulatory effect of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 on the osteochondral process, and Noggin seemingly downregulated specific signals such as BMP-2 activity, we also discovered a synergistic effect between TGF-β3 and Noggin that positively influenced tissue morphogenesis. Noggin was observed to upregulate BMP-2 and OCN at specific time windows of culture in the presence of TGF-β3, suggesting a temporal time switch causing functional changes in the signaling protein. This implies that signals change their functions throughout the process of new tissue formation, which may depend on the presence or absence of specific singular or multiple signaling cues. If this is the case, the signaling cascade is far more intricate and complex than originally believed, warranting intensive future investigations so that regenerative therapies of a critical clinical nature can function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Roland M. Klar,
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszódi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M. Klar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Roland M. Klar,
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Gan Q, Chen L, Bei HP, Ng SW, Guo H, Liu G, Pan H, Liu C, Zhao X, Zheng Z. Artificial cilia for soft and stable surface covalent immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein-2. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:551-562. [PMID: 36714333 PMCID: PMC9845954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of growth factor sensitivity and bioactivity (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)) post-immobilization to tissue engineering scaffolds remains a great challenge. Here, we develop a stable and soft surface modification strategy to address this issue. BMP-2 (a model growth factor) is covalently immobilized onto homogeneous poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) polymer brushes which are grafted onto substrate surfaces (Au, quartz glass, silica wafer, or common biomaterials) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. This surface modification method multiplies the functionalized interfacial area; it is simple, fast, gentle, and has little effect on the loaded protein owing to the cilia motility. The immobilized BMP-2 (i-BMP-2) on the surface of homogeneous PGMA polymer brushes exhibits excellent bioactivity (⁓87% bioactivity of free BMP-2 in vitro and 20%-50% higher than scaffolds with free BMP-2 in vivo), with conformation and secondary structure well-preserved after covalent immobilization and ethanol sterilization. Moreover, the osteogenic activity of i-BMP-2 on the nanoline pattern (PGMA-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)) shows ⁓110% bioactivity of free BMP-2. This is superior compared to conventional protein covalent immobilization strategies in terms of both bioactivity preservation and therapeutic efficacy. PGMA polymer brushes can be used to modify surfaces of different tissue-engineered scaffolds, which facilitates in situ immobilization of growth factors, and accelerates repair of a wide range of tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gan
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 99077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Lina Chen
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 99077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ho-Pan Bei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 99077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Han Guo
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 99077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China,Corresponding author.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,Corresponding author.
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 99077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 99077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,Corresponding author. Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 99077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Huang X, Jie S, Li W, Li H, Ni J, Liu C. miR-122-5p targets GREM2 to protect against glucocorticoid-induced endothelial damage through the BMP signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 544:111541. [PMID: 34973370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) accounts for a big portion of non-traumatic ONFH; nevertheless, the pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. GC-induced endothelial dysfunction might be a major contributor to ONFH progression. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was analyzed to identify deregulated miRNAs in ONFH; among deregulated miRNAs, the physiological functions of miR-122-5p on ONFH and endothelial dysfunction remain unclear. In the present study, miR-122-5p showed to be under-expressed within GC-induced ONFH femoral head tissues and GC-stimulated bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and BMECs, GC stimulation significantly repressed cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis and increased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. After overexpressing miR-122-5p, GC-induced endothelial injuries were attenuated, as manifested by rescued cell viability, cell migration, and tube formation capacity. Regarding the BMP signaling, GC decreased the protein levels of BMP-2/6/7 and SMAD-1/5/8, whereas miR-122-5p overexpression significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of GC on these proteins. Online tool and experimental analyses revealed the direct binding between miR-122-5p and GREM2, a specific antagonist of BMP-2. In contrast to miR-122-5p overexpression, GREM2 overexpression aggravated GC-induced endothelial injury; GREM2 silencing partially eliminated the effects of miR-122-5p inhibition on GC-stimulated HUVECs and BMECs. Finally, GREM2 silencing reversed the suppressive effects of GC on BMP-2/6/7 and SMAD-1/5/8, and attenuated the effects of miR-122-5p inhibition on these proteins upon GC stimulation. Conclusively, the present study demonstrates a miR-122-5p/GREM2 axis modulating the GC-induced endothelial damage via the BMP/SMAD signaling. Considering the critical role of endothelial function in ONFH pathogenesis, the in vivo role and clinical application of the miR-122-5p/GREM2 axis is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuo Jie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangdong Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of International Medical, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Mineralizing Gelatin Microparticles as Cell Carrier and Drug Delivery System for siRNA for Bone Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030548. [PMID: 35335924 PMCID: PMC8949427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The local release of complexed siRNA from biomaterials opens precisely targeted therapeutic options. In this study, complexed siRNA was loaded to gelatin microparticles cross-linked (cGM) with an anhydride-containing oligomer (oPNMA). We aggregated these siRNA-loaded cGM with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to microtissues and stimulated them with osteogenic supplements. An efficient knockdown of chordin, a BMP-2 antagonist, caused a remarkably increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the microtissues. cGM, as a component of microtissues, mineralized in a differentiation medium within 8–9 days, both in the presence and in the absence of cells. In order to investigate the effects of our pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues on bone homeostasis, we simulated in vivo conditions in an unstimulated co-culture system of hMSC and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). We found enhanced ALP activity and osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion in the model system compared to control microtissues. Our results suggest osteoanabolic effects of pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues.
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Enhanced osteogenic effect in reduced BMP-2 doses with siNoggin transfected pre-osteoblasts in 3D silk scaffolds. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121352. [PMID: 34883207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-2, are being increasingly used in bone tissue engineering due to its osteo-inductive effects. Although recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use for bone repair, its high doses cause undesired side effects. In order to reduce the BMP-2 dose for enhanced osteogenic differentiation, in this study we decided to suppress the synthesis of Noggin protein, the primary antagonist of BMP-2, on the MC3T3-E1 cells using Noggin targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA). Unlike other studies, Noggin siRNA (siNoggin) transfected cells were seeded on silk scaffolds, and osteogenic differentiation was investigated for a long-term period (21 days) with MTT, qPCR, SEM/EDS, and histological analysis. Besides, siNoggin transfected MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. It was determined that Nog gene expression was suppressed in the siNoggin group and Ocn gene expression increased 5-fold compared to the control group (*p < 0.05). The osteogenic effect of BMP-2 was clearly observed in siNoggin transfected cells. According to the SEM/EDS analysis, the siNoggin group has mineral structures clustered on cells, which contain intense Ca and P elements. Histological staining showed that the siNoggin group has a more intense mineralized area than that of the control group. In conclusion, this study indicated that Noggin silencing by siRNA induces osteogenic differentiation in reduced BMP-2 doses for scaffold-based bone regeneration. This non-gene integration strategy has as a safe therapeutic potential to enhance tissue regeneration.
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Hinkelmann S, Springwald AH, Starke A, Kalwa H, Wölk C, Hacker MC, Schulz-Siegmund M. Microtissues from mesenchymal stem cells and siRNA-loaded cross-linked gelatin microparticles for bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100190. [PMID: 34988418 PMCID: PMC8693629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of cross-linked gelatin microparticles (cGM) as substrates for osteogenic cell culture to assemble 3D microtissues and their use as delivery system for siRNA to cells in these assemblies. In a 2D transwell cultivation system, we found that cGM are capable to accumulate calcium ions from the surrounding medium. Such a separation of cGM and SaOS-2 cells consequently led to a suppressed matrix mineral formation in the SaOS-2 culture on the well bottom of the transwell system. Thus, we decided to use cGM as component in 3D microtissues and get a close contact between calcium ion accumulating microparticles and cells to improve matrix mineralization. Gelatin microparticles were cross-linked with a N,N-diethylethylenediamine-derivatized (DEED) maleic anhydride (MA) containing oligo (pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-MA) (oPNMA) and aggregated with SaOS-2 or human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to microtissue spheroids. We systematically varied the content of cGM in microtissues and observed cell differentiation and tissue formation. Microtissues were characterized by gene expression, ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Mineralization was detectable in microtissues with SaOS-2 cells after 7 days and with hMSC after 24–28 days in osteogenic culture. When we transfected hMSC via cGM loaded with Lipofectamine complexed chordin siRNA, we found increased ALP activity and accelerated mineral formation in microtissues in presence of BMP-2. As a model for positive paracrine effects that indicate promising in vivo effects of these microtissues, we incubated pre-differentiated microtissues with freshly seeded hMSC monolayers and found improved mineral formation all over the well in the co-culture model. These findings may support the concept of microtissues from hMSC and siRNA-loaded cGM for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hinkelmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra H Springwald
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annett Starke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael C Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Luo X, Chang HM, Yi Y, Sun Y, Leung PCK. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 inhibits growth differentiation factor 8-induced cell signaling via upregulation of gremlin2 expression in human granulosa-lutein cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:173. [PMID: 34838049 PMCID: PMC8626944 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) and their functional receptors are expressed in human ovarian follicles, and these two intrafollicular factors play essential roles in regulating follicle development and luteal function. As BMP antagonists, gremlin1 (GREM1) and gremlin2 (GREM2) suppress BMP signaling through blockage of ligand-receptor binding. However, whether BMP2 regulates the expression of GREM1 and GREM2 in follicular development remains to be determined. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effect of BMP2 on the expression of GREM1 and GREM2 and the underlying mechanisms in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells. An established immortalized human granulosa cell line (SVOG) and primary hGL cells were used as study models. The expression of GREM1 and GREM2 were examined following cell incubation with BMP2 at different concentrations and time courses. The TGF-β type I inhibitors (dorsomorphin, DMH-1 and SB431542) and small interfering RNAs targeting ALK2, ALK3, SMAD2/3, SMAD1/5/8 and SMAD4 were used to investigate the involvement of the SMAD-dependent pathway. RESULTS Our results showed that BMP2 significantly increased the expression of GREM2 (but not GREM1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using a dual inhibition approach combining kinase inhibitors and siRNA-mediated knockdown, we found that the BMP2-induced upregulation of GREM2 expression was mediated by the ALK2/3-SMAD1/5-SMAD4 signaling pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that BMP2 pretreatment significantly attenuated the GDF8-induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3, and this suppressive effect was reversed by knocking down GREM2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which BMP2 modulates the cellular activity induced by GDF8 through the upregulated expression of their antagonist (GREM2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yuyin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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13
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Revuelta J, Fraile I, Monterrey DT, Peña N, Benito-Arenas R, Bastida A, Fernández-Mayoralas A, García-Junceda E. Heparanized chitosans: towards the third generation of chitinous biomaterials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2596-2614. [PMID: 34617543 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of chitosans is an emerging research area in the design of solutions for a wide range of biomedical applications. In particular, the modification of chitosans to incorporate sulfate groups has generated great interest since they show structural similarity to heparin and heparan sulfates. Most of the biomedical applications of heparan sulfates are derived from their ability to bind different growth factors and other proteins, as through these interactions they can modulate the cellular response. This review aims to summarize the most recent advances in the synthesis, and structural and physicochemical characterization of heparanized chitosan, a remarkably interesting family of polysaccharides that have demonstrated the ability to mimic heparan sulfates as ligands for different proteins, thereby exerting their biological activity by mimicking the function of these glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Revuelta
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fraile
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dianelis T Monterrey
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nerea Peña
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Benito-Arenas
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Agatha Bastida
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Mayoralas
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo García-Junceda
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. Insights into Bone Morphogenetic Protein-(BMP-) Signaling in Ocular Lens Biology and Pathology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102604. [PMID: 34685584 PMCID: PMC8533954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a diverse class of growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily. Although originally discovered to possess osteogenic properties, BMPs have since been identified as critical regulators of many biological processes, including cell-fate determination, cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis, throughout the body. In the ocular lens, BMPs are important in orchestrating fundamental developmental processes such as induction of lens morphogenesis, and specialized differentiation of its fiber cells. Moreover, BMPs have been reported to facilitate regeneration of the lens, as well as abrogate pathological processes such as TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize recent insights in this topic and discuss the complexities of BMP-signaling including the role of individual BMP ligands, receptors, extracellular antagonists and cross-talk between canonical and non-canonical BMP-signaling cascades in the lens. By understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying BMP activity, we can advance their potential therapeutic role in cataract prevention and lens regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-5170
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15
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Genetic profiling of human bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals differences in osteogenic signaling mediated by graphene. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:285. [PMID: 34551771 PMCID: PMC8459567 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, graphene surfaces have consistently supported osteoblast development of stem cells, holding promise as a therapeutic implant for degenerative bone diseases. However, until now no study has specifically examined the genetic changes when stem cells undergo osteogenic differentiation on graphene. RESULTS In this study, we provide a detailed overview of gene expressions when human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from either adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) or bone marrow (BM-MSCs), are cultured on graphene. Genetic expressions were measured using osteogenic RT2 profiler PCR arrays and compared either over time (7 or 21 days) or between each cell source at each time point. Genes were categorized as either transcriptional regulation, osteoblast-related, extracellular matrix, cellular adhesion, BMP and SMAD signaling, growth factors, or angiogenic factors. Results showed that both MSC sources cultured on low oxygen graphene surfaces achieved osteogenesis by 21 days and expressed specific osteoblast markers. However, each MSC source cultured on graphene did have genetically different responses. When compared between each other, we found that genes of BM-MSCs were robustly expressed, and more noticeable after 7 days of culturing, suggesting BM-MSCs initiate osteogenesis at an earlier time point than AD-MSCs on graphene. Additionally, we found upregulated angiogenic markers in both MSCs sources, suggesting graphene could simultaneously attract the ingrowth of blood vessels in vivo. Finally, we identified several novel targets, including distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) and phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked (PHEX). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study shows that graphene genetically supports differentiation of both AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs but may involve different signaling mechanisms to achieve osteogenesis. Data further demonstrates the lack of aberrant signaling due to cell-graphene interaction, strengthening the application of specific form and concentration of graphene nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering.
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16
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Rydze RT, Patton B, Briley SM, Salazar-Torralba H, Gipson G, James R, Rajkovic A, Thompson T, Pangas SA. Deletion of Gremlin-2 alters estrous cyclicity and disrupts female fertility in mice. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1205-1220. [PMID: 34333627 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma (DAN) protein family are developmentally conserved extracellular binding proteins that antagonize bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. This protein family includes the Gremlin proteins, GREM1 and GREM2, which have key functions during embryogenesis and adult physiology. While BMPs play essential roles in ovarian follicle development, the role of the DAN family in female reproductive physiology is less understood. We generated mice null for Grem2 to determine its role in female reproduction in addition to screening patients with primary ovarian insufficiency for variants in GREM2. Grem2-/- mice are viable, but female Grem2-/- mice have diminished fecundity and irregular estrous cycles. This is accompanied by significantly reduced production of ovarian anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) from small growing follicles, leading to a significant decrease in serum AMH. Surprisingly, as AMH is a well-established marker of the ovarian reserve, morphometric analysis of ovarian follicles showed maintenance of primordial follicles in Grem2-/- mice like wild type littermates. While Grem2 mRNA transcripts were not detected in the pituitary, Grem2 is expressed in hypothalami of wild type female mice, suggesting the potential for dysfunction in multiple tissues composing the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis that contribute to the subfertility phenotype. Additionally, screening 106 women with primary ovarian insufficiency identified one individual with a heterozygous variant in GREM2 that lies within the predicted BMP-GREM2 interface. In total, these data suggest Grem2 is necessary for female fecundity by playing a novel role in regulating the HPO axis and contributing to female reproductive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Rydze
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Clinical Scientist Training, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bethany Patton
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Shawn M Briley
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Gregory Gipson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rebecca James
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA, Department of OB-GYN, University of California, San Francisco, USA, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thomas Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Stephanie A Pangas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Słupski W, Jawień P, Nowak B. Botanicals in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051609. [PMID: 34064936 PMCID: PMC8151026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Conventional anti-osteoporotic pharmaceutics are effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of osteoporosis, however they are associated with various side effects that push many women into seeking botanicals as an alternative therapy. Traditional folk medicine is a rich source of bioactive compounds waiting for discovery and investigation that might be used in those patients, and therefore botanicals have recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review of literature is to present the comprehensive information about plant-derived compounds that might be used to maintain bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females.
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18
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Lucas BR, Voegels RL, do Amaral JB, Bachi ALL, Pezato R. BMP-7, MMP-9, and TGF-β tissue remodeling proteins and their correlations with interleukins 6 and 10 in chronic rhinosinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4335-4343. [PMID: 33715043 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) present distinct tissue remodeling processes. The proteins involved in the process of tissue remodeling have their production and activity related to the inflammatory environment they are. This study aimed to evaluate the protein expression of BMP-7, MMP-9, TGF-β in chronic sinusitis with and without nasal polyposis and their relations with IL-6 and IL-10. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study with 86 participants was divided into three groups: patients with CRSwNP (n = 34), patients with CRSsNP (n = 26), and a control group (CG) without inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa (n = 26). The primary outcomes were the concentrations of BMP-7, MMP-9, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10. Secondary outcomes were the correlations of these markers. RESULTS The TGF-β dosage was elevated in the CRSsNP group and reduced in the CSwNP group. The dosage of IL-6 was higher in the CSwNP group, and the IL-10 dosage lower in the groups with sinusitis, and IL-10 was positively correlated with BMP-7 in all groups. There was a negative correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 in all groups observed. The correlation between MMP-9 and interleukins was lost in the CRSsNP group. There was a positive correlation between TGF-β and IL-6 in the CG, and negative in the CRSsNP group. CONCLUSION An inflammation shown in rhinosinusitis with an increase in IL-6 and decrease in IL-10 when compared with the control group; only TGF-β was altered in the tissue remodeling process when compared with BMP-7 and MMP-9 in rhinosinusitis. There is a loss of correlation between tissue remodeling proteins and interleukins studied in CRSsNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Relvas Lucas
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Health Science, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pezato
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Shido R, Sumita Y, Hara M, Iwatake M, Narahara S, Umebayashi M, Miura KI, Kodama Y, Asahina I. Gene-activated matrix harboring a miR20a-expressing plasmid promotes rat cranial bone augmentation. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbaa060. [PMID: 33738113 PMCID: PMC7955717 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-activated matrix (GAM) has a potential usefulness in bone engineering as an alternate strategy for the lasting release of osteogenic proteins but efficient methods to generate non-viral GAM remain to be established. In this study, we investigated whether an atelocollagen-based GAM containing naked-plasmid (p) DNAs encoding microRNA (miR) 20a, which may promote osteogenesis in vivo via multiple pathways associated with the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs), facilitates rat cranial bone augmentation. First, we confirmed the osteoblastic differentiation functions of generated pDNA encoding miR20a (pmiR20a) in vitro, and its transfection regulated the expression of several of target genes, such as Bambi1 and PPARγ, in rat bone marrow MSCs and induced the increased expression of BMP4. Then, when GAMs fabricated by mixing 100 μl of 2% bovine atelocollagen, 20 mg β-TCP granules and 0.5 mg (3.3 μg/μl) AcGFP plasmid-vectors encoding miR20a were transplanted to rat cranial bone surface, the promoted vertical bone augmentation was clearly recognized up to 8 weeks after transplantation, as were upregulation of VEGFs and BMP4 expressions at the early stages of transplantation. Thus, GAM-based miR delivery may provide an alternative non-viral approach by improving transgene efficacy via a small sequence that can regulate the multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Shido
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic & Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Masahito Hara
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Basic & Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shun Narahara
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Mayumi Umebayashi
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.,Laboratory of Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, M43, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Kei-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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20
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Gipson GR, Goebel EJ, Hart KN, Kappes EC, Kattamuri C, McCoy JC, Thompson TB. Structural perspective of BMP ligands and signaling. Bone 2020; 140:115549. [PMID: 32730927 PMCID: PMC7502536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are the largest class signaling molecules within the greater Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) family, and are responsible for a wide array of biological functions, including dorsal-ventral patterning, skeletal development and maintenance, as well as cell homeostasis. As such, dysregulation of BMPs results in a number of diseases, including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, understanding BMP signaling and regulation at the molecular level is essential for targeted therapeutic intervention. This review discusses the recent advances in the structural and biochemical characterization of BMPs, from canonical ligand-receptor interactions to co-receptors and antagonists. This work aims to highlight how BMPs differ from other members of the TGFβ family, and how that information can be used to further advance the field. Lastly, this review discusses several gaps in the current understanding of BMP structures, with the aim that discussion of these gaps will lead to advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Gipson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Erich J Goebel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Hart
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Emily C Kappes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chandramohan Kattamuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jason C McCoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Medical Sciences Building, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Sun W, Lang X, Wu J, Zhu C, Jia J, Jin J, La Y, Casper DP. Study on the correlation between BMPR1B protein in sheep blood and reproductive performance. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5821092. [PMID: 32300800 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep reproductive performance is one of the important economic traits in sheep farming. The bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B) gene and protein may play an important role in sheep fertility. This study was to investigate the association of blood BMPR1B protein expression with reproductive performance in sheep. Mongolian sheep with single and twin births and polytocous Small Tail Han sheep were selected due to differences in birth numbers. The BMPR1B mRNA in sheep blood was measured by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as well as the BMPR1B protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood samples of Mongolian and Small Tail Han sheep. The results demonstrated that blood BMPR1B concentration in Mongolian sheep with twin birth was higher (P < 0.05) than Small Tail Han sheep and Mongolian sheep with single birth. The protein concentration in the anestrus season was higher (P < 0.045) than those in the estrus season for both Mongolian and Small Tail Han sheep. Moreover, BMPR1B concentration in Mongolian sheep increased (P < 0.05) at the age of 6 to 12 mo and that in Small Tail Han sheep increased (P < 0.05) at the age of 3 to 6 mo. The result indicates that the increase in BMPR1B protein concentrations in the blood of Mongolian ewes and Small Tail Han ewes may be beneficial to follicular development, but too high or too low of this blood protein concentration in Mongolian and Small Tail Han sheep is not conducive to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Lang
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caiye Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlei Jia
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinpen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Younfu La
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Briolay A, El Jamal A, Arnolfo P, Le Goff B, Blanchard F, Magne D, Bougault C. Enhanced BMP-2/BMP-4 ratio in patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis and in cytokine- and stretch-stimulated mouse chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:234. [PMID: 33046134 PMCID: PMC7552569 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive bone formation in the entheses is one of the features of peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA). Complex pathological mechanisms connecting inflammation, mechanical stress, and ossification are probably involved. We focused on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, -4, and -7 as possible mediators of this process. Methods BMP-2, -4, and -7 concentration was measured by ELISA in synovial fluids (SFs) of SpA (n = 56) and osteoarthritic (n = 21) patients. Mouse organotypic ankle cultures were challenged by a pro-inflammatory cocktail. Mouse primary chondrocytes, osteoblasts, or tenocytes were treated with TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-17, or IL-22 and/or subjected to cyclic stretch, or with recombinant BMP-2 or -4. Results In SpA SFs, if BMP-7 was barely detectable, BMP-2 concentration was higher and BMP-4 was lower than in osteoarthritic samples, so that BMP-2/BMP-4 ratio augmented 6.5 folds (p < 0.001). In SpA patients, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 levels correlated this ratio (n = 21). Bmp-2/Bmp-4 ratio was similarly enhanced by cytokine treatment in explant and cell cultures, at mRNA level. In particular, simultaneous application of TNF-α and cyclical stretch induced a 30-fold increase of the Bmp-2/Bmp-4 ratio in chondrocytes (p = 0.027). Blockade of prostaglandin E2 and IL-6 production had almost no effect on the stretch-induced regulation of Bmp-2 or -4. Osteoinductive effects of BMP-4, and to a lesser extend BMP-2, were identified on cultured chondrocytes and tenocytes. Conclusions Our results first settle that BMP factors are locally deregulated in the SpA joint. An unexpected decrease in BMP-4 could be associated to an increase in BMP-2, possibly in response to mechanical and/or cytokine stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Briolay
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Alaeddine El Jamal
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Arnolfo
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Rheumatology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Benoît Le Goff
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Rheumatology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France.
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23
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Meng L, Teng X, Liu Y, Yang C, Wang S, Yuan W, Meng J, Chi H, Duan L, Liu X. Vital Roles of Gremlin-1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Induced by Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016586. [PMID: 32750294 PMCID: PMC7792280 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Heterozygous mutation in BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptor 2 is rare, but BMP cascade suppression is common in congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH); however, the underling mechanism of BMP cascade suppression independent of BMP receptor 2 mutation is unknown. Methods and Results Pulmonary hypertensive status observed in CHD-PAH was surgically reproduced in rats. Gremlin-1 expression was increased, but BMP cascade was suppressed, in lungs from CHD-PAH patients and shunted rats, whereas shunt correction retarded these trends in rats. Immunostaining demonstrated increased gremlin-1 was mainly in the endothelium and media of remodeled pulmonary arteries. However, mechanical stretch time- and amplitude-dependently stimulated gremlin-1 secretion and suppressed BMP cascade in distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from healthy rats. Under static condition, gremlin-1 significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from healthy rats via BMP cascade. Furthermore, plasma gremlin-1 closely correlated with hemodynamic parameters in CHD-PAH patients and shunted rats. Conclusions Serving as an endogenous antagonist of BMP cascade, the increase of gremlin-1 in CHD-PAH may present a reasonable mechanism explanation for BMP cascade suppression independent of BMP receptor 2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liukun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Center Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Diseases Beijing China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hongjie Chi
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Medical Research Center Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China.,Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
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Xie F, Li F, Li R, Liu Z, Shi J, Zhang C, Dong N. Inhibition of PP2A enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valvular interstitial cells via ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. Life Sci 2020; 257:118086. [PMID: 32679147 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of PP2A in calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The expressions of PP2A subunits were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot in aortic valves from patients with CAVD and normal controls, the activities of PP2A were analyzed by commercial assay kit at the same time. Aortic valve calcification of mice was evaluated through histological and echocardiographic analysis. ApoE-/- mice and ApoE-/- mice injected intraperitoneally with PP2A inhibitor LB100 were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 24 weeks. Immunofluorescent staining was used to locate the cell-type in which PP2A activity was decreased, the PP2A activity of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) treated with osteogenic induction medium was assessed by western blot and commercial assay kit. After changing the activity of VICs through pharmacologic and genetic intervention, the osteoblast differentiation and mineralization were assessed by western blot and Alizarin Red staining. Finally, the mechanism was clarified by using several specific inhibitors. KEY FINDINGS PP2A activity was decreased both in calcified aortic valves and human VICs under osteogenic induction. The PP2A inhibitor LB100 aggravated the aortic valve calcification of mice. Furthermore, PPP2CA overexpression inhibited osteogenic differentiation of VICs, whereas PPP2CA knockdown promoted the process. Further study revealed that the ERK/p38 MAPKs signaling pathways mediated the osteogenic differentiation of VICs induced by PP2A inactivation. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that PP2A plays an important role in CAVD pathophysiology, PP2A activation may provide a novel strategy for the pharmacological treatment of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Temporal TGF-β Supergene Family Signalling Cues Modulating Tissue Morphogenesis: Chondrogenesis within a Muscle Tissue Model? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144863. [PMID: 32660137 PMCID: PMC7402331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal translational signalling cues modulate all forms of tissue morphogenesis. However, if the rules to obtain specific tissues rely upon specific ligands to be active or inactive, does this mean we can engineer any tissue from another? The present study focused on the temporal effect of “multiple” morphogen interactions on muscle tissue to figure out if chondrogenesis could be induced, opening up the way for new tissue models or therapies. Gene expression and histomorphometrical analysis of muscle tissue exposed to rat bone morphogenic protein 2 (rBMP-2), rat transforming growth factor beta 3 (rTGF-β3), and/or rBMP-7, including different combinations applied briefly for 48 h or continuously for 30 days, revealed that a continuous rBMP-2 stimulation seems to be critical to initiate a chondrogenesis response that was limited to the first seven days of culture, but only in the absence of rBMP-7 and/or rTGF-β3. After day 7, unknown modulatory effects retard rBMP-2s’ effect where only through the paired-up addition of rBMP-7 and/or rTGF-β3 a chondrogenesis-like reaction seemed to be maintained. This new tissue model, whilst still very crude in its design, is a world-first attempt to better understand how multiple morphogens affect tissue morphogenesis with time, with our goal being to one day predict the chronological order of what signals have to be applied, when, for how long, and with which other signals to induce and maintain a desired tissue morphogenesis.
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26
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Ouahoud S, Hardwick JC, Hawinkels LJ. Extracellular BMP Antagonists, Multifaceted Orchestrators in the Tumor and Its Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113888. [PMID: 32486027 PMCID: PMC7313454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subgroup of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, are involved in multiple biological processes such as embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. The importance of a functional BMP pathway is underlined by various diseases, including cancer, which can arise as a consequence of dysregulated BMP signaling. Mutations in crucial elements of this signaling pathway, such as receptors, have been reported to disrupt BMP signaling. Next to that, aberrant expression of BMP antagonists could also contribute to abrogated signaling. In this review we set out to highlight how BMP antagonists affect not only the cancer cells, but also the other cells present in the microenvironment to influence cancer progression.
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Heterotopic Ossification following Total Elbow Arthroplasty in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease: Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Surg 2020; 2020:2068045. [PMID: 32231845 PMCID: PMC7085846 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2068045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Heterotopic ossification (HO) usually develops following surgery or trauma. Risk factors for HO following elbow fractures include delay to surgery (>7 days), floating fractures, and elbow subluxation. Systemic risk factors for HO include male sex; concurrent cranial, neurological, or abdominal injury; high-energy trauma; previous development of HO; and contralateral fracture. To date, no studies have reported on Parkinson's disease (PD) as a risk factor for the development of HO. Case Presentation. A 68-year-old female with PD (treated with levodopa-carbidopa) sustained a right closed (OTA type A3) distal humerus fracture and was treated with a total elbow arthroplasty. Postoperatively, development of significant near-ankylosing HO was observed and contributed to significant restriction of elbow motion with activities of daily living. After HO maturation, the osseous growth was excised, and the area irradiated. The patient regained excellent elbow motion with no recurrence of HO. Discussion. A literature review revealed six cases of HO development in PD patients following arthroplasty. Patients with PD have higher serum concentrations of interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α. These factors stimulate BMP-2 production which may promote osteogenesis. Levodopa-carbidopa may also influence HO through stimulation of growth hormone and IGF-1. Conclusion. Parkinsonism may promote heterotopic bone growth through the release of osteoinductive factors. HO development may also be mediated by levodopa-carbidopa therapy. Future research should highlight the link between HO and PD and identify if prophylaxis is warranted in PD patients undergoing arthroplasty.
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28
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Hippocampal overexpression of chordin protects against the chronic social defeat stress-induced depressive-like effects in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:31-39. [PMID: 32105677 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious and worldwide neuropsychiatric disesase, and developing novel antidepressant targets beyond the monoaminergic systems is now popular and necessary. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals modulate numerous developmental, physiological, and homeostatic processes. The functions of BMPs are also regulated by secreted extracellular antagonists such as chordin and noggin. Chordin has abundant expression in adult brain, and may play critical role in the central nervous system. In this study, the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model of depression, various behavioral tests, western blotting, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, immunohistochemistry, recombinant mouse chordin protein and AAV-Chordin-EGFP were together used to explore the role of chordin in the pathogenesis of depression. It was found that CSDS significantly decreased the expression of chordin in the hippocampus but not other related brain regions. Moreover, both pharmacological and genetic overexpression of hippocampal chordin fully protected against the CSDS-induced depressive-like effects in mice. Collectively, hippocampal chordin could be a novel antidepressant target, and this study further highlights the importance of the hippocampal BMP system in the pathophysiology of depression.
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29
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Meng L, Liu X, Teng X, Yuan W, Duan L, Meng J, Li J, Zheng Z, Wei Y, Hu S. DAN plays important compensatory roles in systemic-to-pulmonary shunt associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13263. [PMID: 30715799 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Proteins mainly expressed in normal lungs and significantly changed in lungs exposed to systemic-to-pulmonary shunts might be promising targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by congenital heart diseases (PAH/CHD). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma (DAN) in PAH/CHD. METHODS PAH was surgically induced by the combined surgery (right pulmonary artery ligation and left cervical systemic-to-pulmonary shunt) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Exogenous DAN was supplemented by osmotic minipumps. RESULTS Firstly, DAN was significantly decreased in patients with severe PAH/CHD and negatively correlated with pulmonary hemodynamic indices derived from right cardiac catheterization. Secondly, pulmonary hypertensive status and apparent pulmonary vasculopathies of PAH/CHD were surgically reproduced in SD rats. Real time-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that DAN mRNA and protein levels decreased in lungs exposed to systemic-to-pulmonary shunts, and immunofluorescence staining found that DAN was highly expressed in pulmonary arteries of normal lungs but seldom detected in severely remodelling pulmonary arteries, furthermore, plasma levels of DAN in shunted-rats manifested a time-depended decrease and negatively correlated with pulmonary hemodynamic indices. Thirdly, DAN specially reversed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4) on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via BMP2/4-BMPR2-Smad1/5/8-Id1 signalling pathway. Furthermore, continuous supplementation of exogenous DAN protein increased the extent of shunt-associated PAH. CONCLUSION Compensatory decrease of DAN in hypertensive lungs may retard the deterioration of shunt-associated PAH, at least in part, by antagonizing BMP signalling pathway. Furthermore, DAN might be a potential biomarker for PAH/CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liukun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Nanchang China
| | - Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
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Aoki M, Umehara T, Kamimura G, Imamura N, Morizono S, Nonaka Y, Tokunaga T, Takeda AH, Maeda K, Watanabe Y, Nagata T, Otsuka T, Yokomakura N, Kariatsumari K, Yanagi M, Sato M. Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Significantly Correlates With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Prognosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2019; 13:1179554919852087. [PMID: 31191069 PMCID: PMC6540490 DOI: 10.1177/1179554919852087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a signaling molecule belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Recent studies have demonstrated that BMP-7 is expressed in various human cancers and plays an important role in the progression of their cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic and prognostic impact of BMP-7 expression in clinical samples of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods This study enrolled 160 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent complete resection. Expression of BMP-7 in cancer tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between expression of BMP-7 and clinicopathologic factors and prognosis were analyzed. Results In non-small cell lung cancer, BMP-7 expression was identified not only in cell membranes but also in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Expression of BMP-7 correlated with p-T (P = .047), N factor (P = .013), and p-stage (P = .046). Overall survival rate was significantly lower in the BMP-7-positive group than in the BMP-7-negative group (P = .004). Multivariate analysis indicated that BMP-7 expression was one of the independent prognosis factors of overall survival (P = .021). Furthermore, among patients with postoperative recurrence (n = 58), the BMP-7-positive group (n = 29) had a significantly poorer prognosis than the BMP-7-negative group (n = 29) (P = .012). Conclusions Expression of BMP-7 in non-small cell lung cancer was correlated with clinicopathologic factors and poorer prognosis. BMP-7 expression may be a useful predictor of aggressive activity of tumor behavior and postoperative outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umehara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Go Kamimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Imamura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Morizono
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuto Nonaka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Aya Harada Takeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koki Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yui Watanabe
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsunayuki Otsuka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Yokomakura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kota Kariatsumari
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yanagi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Expression patterns of genes critical for SHH, BMP, and FGF pathways during the lumen formation of human salivary glands. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:217-227. [PMID: 30895425 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome or radiotherapy for head and neck cancer leads to the irreversible hypofunction of salivary gland (SG). The stem/progenitor cell-based regenerative strategy has been proven to be the most promising approach to repair the function of SG. The molecular mechanisms that regulate SG morphogenesis, especially during lumen formation, provide valuable hints for establishment of such regenerative strategies. It has been demonstrated that numerous growth factors particularly belonging to SHH, BMP, and FGF signaling pathway are involved in the regulation of lumen formation and have shown protective effects on the SG from irradiation in mouse models. However, it remains elusive whether the expression pattern and function of these signaling molecules are conserved in humans. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of the molecules critical for SHH, BMP, and FGF signaling cascades from the canalicular stage to the terminal bud stage, the key stages for lumen formation, in human SG and compared them with the expression data observed in mice. Our results manifested that genes involved in SHH signaling pathway showed identical expression patterns, while genes involved in BMP as well as FGF pathway exhibited similar but distinct expression patterns in humans to those in the mouse. We concluded that the expression patterns of genes involved in SHH, BMP, and FGF pathways in the development of human SG exhibit high similarity to that in the development of mouse SG during lumen formation, suggesting that the molecular mechanism regulating the morphogenesis of SG during lumen formation may be conserved in mice and humans. Our results will have an implication in the future establishment of stem-cell based approaches for the repair of SG function.
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Robertson AD, Chiaramonti AM, Nguyen TP, Jaffe DE, Holmes RE, Hanna EL, Rhee JG, Barfield WR, Fourney WB, Stains JP, Pellegrini VD. Failure of Indomethacin and Radiation to Prevent Blast-induced Heterotopic Ossification in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:644-654. [PMID: 30601320 PMCID: PMC6382204 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and low-dose irradiation has demonstrated efficacy in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after THA and surgical treatment of acetabular fractures, these modalities have not been assessed after traumatic blast amputations where HO is a common complication that can arise in the residual limb. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of indomethacin and irradiation in preventing HO induced by high-energy blast trauma in a rat model. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hind limb blast amputation with a submerged explosive under water followed by irrigation and primary wound closure. One group (n = 12) received oral indomethacin for 10 days starting on postoperative Day 1. Another group (n = 12) received a single dose of 8 Gy irradiation to the residual limb on postoperative Day 3. A control group (n = 12) did not receive either. Wound healing and clinical course were monitored in all animals until euthanasia at 24 weeks. Serial radiographs were taken immediately postoperatively, at 10 days, and every 4 weeks thereafter to monitor the time course of ectopic bone formation until euthanasia. Five independent graders evaluated the 24-week radiographs to quantitatively assess severity and qualitatively assess the pattern of HO using a modified Potter scale from 0 to 3. Assessment of grading reproducibility yielded a Fleiss statistic of 0.41 and 0.37 for severity and type, respectively. By extrapolation from human clinical trials, a minimum clinically important difference in HO severity was empirically determined to be two full grades or progression of absolute grade to the most severe. RESULTS We found no differences in mean HO severity scores among the three study groups (indomethacin 0.90 ± 0.46 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.60-1.19]; radiation 1.34 ± 0.59 [95% CI, 0.95-1.74]; control 0.95 ± 0.55 [95% CI, 0.60-1.30]; p = 0.100). For qualitative HO type scores, the radiation group had a higher HO type than both indomethacin and controls, but indomethacin was no different than controls (indomethacin 1.08 ± 0.66 [95% CI, 0.67-1.50]; radiation 1.89 ± 0.76 [95% CI, 1.38-2.40]; control 1.10 ± 0.62 [95% CI, 0.70-1.50]; p = 0.013). The lower bound of the 95% CI on mean severity in the indomethacin group and the upper bound of the radiation group barely spanned a full grade and involved only numeric grades < 2, suggesting that even if a small difference in severity could be detected, it would be less than our a priori-defined minimum clinically important difference and any differences that might be present are unlikely to be clinically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS This work unexpectedly demonstrated that, compared with controls, indomethacin and irradiation provide no effective prophylaxis against HO in the residual limb after high-energy blast amputation in a rat model. Such an observation is contrary to the civilian experience and may be potentially explained by either a different pathogenesis for blast-induced HO or a stimulus that overwhelms conventional regimens used to prevent HO in the civilian population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HO in the residual limb after high-energy traumatic blast amputation will likely require novel approaches for prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astor D Robertson
- A. D. Robertson, T. P. Nguyen, D. E. Jaffe, J. P. Stains, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA A. M. Chiaramonti, R. E. Holmes, E. L. Hanna, W. R. Barfield, V. D. Pellegrini, Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA J. G. Rhee, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA W. B. Fourney, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Liu L, Wang D, Qin Y, Xu M, Zhou L, Xu W, Liu X, Ye L, Yue S, Zheng Q, Li D. Astragalin Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Bone Formation in vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:228. [PMID: 31040823 PMCID: PMC6476984 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalin (AG) is a biologically active flavonoid compound that can be extracted from a number of medicinal plants. However, the effects of AG on osteoblastic differentiation in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and on bone formation in vivo have not been studied fully. In this study, we found that the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralized nodules in MC3T3-E1 cells were both significantly increased after treatment with AG (5, 10, and 20 μM). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of osteoblastic marker genes in MC3T3-E1 cells after AG treatment were markedly increased compared with a control group. In addition, the levels of BMP-2, p-Smad1/5/9, and Runx2 were significantly elevated in AG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, we found that the protein levels of Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, p38, p-p38, and p-JNK were also significantly increased in AG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells compared to those in the control group. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that AG significantly promoted bone formation in an ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporotic mouse model. This was evidenced by significant increases in the values of osteoblast-related parameters (BFR/BS, MAR, Ob.S/BS, and Ob.N/B.Pm) and bone histomorphometric parameters (BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N.) in OVX mice after AG treatment (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Collectively, these results demonstrated that AG may promote osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells via the activation of the BMP and MAPK pathways and promote bone formation in vivo. These novel findings indicated that AG may be a useful bone anabolic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yao Qin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Maolei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Defang Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Defang Li
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Huang KC, Chuang PY, Yang TY, Huang TW, Chang SF. Hyperglycemia inhibits osteoblastogenesis of rat bone marrow stromal cells via activation of the Notch2 signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:696-703. [PMID: 31217737 PMCID: PMC6566748 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.32707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone fragility and related fractures are increasingly being recognized as an important diabetic complication. Mesenchymal progenitors often serve as an important source of bone formation and regeneration. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of diabetes on osteoblastogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors. Methods: Primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated from control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These cells were evaluated for the effects of in vivo hyperglycemia on the survival and function of mesenchymal progenitors. We concomitantly investigated the effects of different concentrations of glucose, osmolality, and advanced glycation end product (AGE) on osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (RMSC-bm). The relationship between the expression levels of Notch proteins and the corresponding ALP levels was also examined. Results: Our results revealed that in vivo hyperglycemia increased cell proliferation rate but decreased osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization of primary rat BMSCs. In vitro high glucose treatment, instead of high AGE treatment, induced a dose-dependent inhibition of osteoblastogenesis of RMSC-bm cells. Activation of the Notch2 signaling pathway, instead of the Notch1 or osmotic response pathways, was associated with these diabetic effects on osteoblastogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia might inhibit osteoblastogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors via activation of the Notch2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chin Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Chuang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Wen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
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Lolli A, Colella F, De Bari C, van Osch GJVM. Targeting anti-chondrogenic factors for the stimulation of chondrogenesis: A new paradigm in cartilage repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:12-22. [PMID: 30175861 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Trauma and age-related cartilage disorders represent a major global cause of morbidity, resulting in chronic pain and disability in patients. A lack of effective therapies, together with a rapidly aging population, creates an impressive clinical and economic burden on healthcare systems. In this scenario, experimental therapies based on transplantation or in situ stimulation of skeletal Mesenchymal Stem/progenitor Cells (MSCs) have raised great interest for cartilage repair. Nevertheless, the challenge of guiding MSC differentiation and preventing cartilage hypertrophy and calcification still needs to be overcome. While research has mostly focused on the stimulation of cartilage anabolism using growth factors, several issues remain unresolved prompting the field to search for novel solutions. Recently, inhibition of anti-chondrogenic regulators has emerged as an intriguing opportunity. Anti-chondrogenic regulators include extracellular proteins as well as intracellular transcription factors and microRNAs that act as potent inhibitors of pro-chondrogenic signals. Suppression of these inhibitors can enhance MSC chondrogenesis and production of cartilage matrix. We here review the current knowledge concerning different types of anti-chondrogenic regulators. We aim to highlight novel therapeutic targets for cartilage repair and discuss suitable tools for suppressing their anti-chondrogenic functions. Further effort is needed to unveil the therapeutic perspectives of this approach and pave the way for effective treatment of cartilage injuries in patients. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lolli
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabio Colella
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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36
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Aslani S, Abhari A, Sakhinia E, Sanajou D, Rajabi H, Rahimzadeh S. Interplay between microRNAs and Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, and bone morphogenic protein signaling pathways promote osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8082-8093. [PMID: 30548580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are terminally differentiated cells with mesenchymal origins, known to possess pivotal roles in sustaining bone microstructure and homeostasis. These cells are implicated in the pathophysiology of various bone disorders, especially osteoporosis. Over the last few decades, strategies to impede bone resorption, principally by bisphosphonates, have been mainstay of treatment of osteoporosis; however, in recent years more attention has been drawn on bone-forming approaches for managing osteoporosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a broad category of noncoding short sequence RNA fragments that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of diverse functional and structural genes in a negative manner. An accumulating body of evidence signifies that miRNAs direct mesenchymal stem cells toward osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through bone morphogenic protein, transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt signaling pathways. MiRNAs are regarded as excellent future therapeutic candidates because of their small size and ease of delivery into the cells. Considering their novel therapeutic significance, this review discusses the main miRNAs contributing to the anabolic aspects of bone formation and illustrates their interactions with corresponding signaling pathways involved in osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Aslani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Deparment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Sanajou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Rahimzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ghuman MS, Al-Masri M, Xavier G, Cobourne MT, McKay IJ, Hughes FJ. Gingival fibroblasts prevent BMP-mediated osteoblastic differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:300-309. [PMID: 30511378 PMCID: PMC6492095 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The inhibitory action of the superficial gingival connective tissues may limit the regenerative potential of alveolar bone in periodontal therapy or dental implant applications. The aims of this study were to investigate the hypothesis that gingival fibroblasts (GF) can inhibit bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐induced osteoblastic differentiation, to determine their expression of BMP inhibitors, and finally to determine whether reduction of these inhibitors can relieve suppression of osteoblastic differentiation. Methods Gingival fibroblasts were co‐cultured either directly or indirectly with calvarial osteoblasts to assess alkaline phosphatase inhibitory activity, a marker of osteoblastic differentiation. To test total BMP‐inhibitory activity of rat GF, conditioned media (GFCM) were collected from cultures. ROS 17/2.8 osteoblastic cells were stimulated with BMP2, together with GFCM. Inhibitor expression was tested using RT‐qPCR, Western blotting and in situ hybridization. Removal of inhibitors was carried out using immunoprecipitation beads. Results Co‐culture experiments showed GF‐secreted factors that inhibit BMP‐stimulated ALP activity. 10 ng/ml BMP2 increased alkaline phosphatase expression in ROS cells by 41%. GFCM blocked BMP activity which was equivalent to the activity of 100 ng/ml Noggin, a well‐described BMP inhibitor. Cultured gingival fibroblasts constitutively expressed BMP antagonist genes from the same subfamily, Grem1, Grem2 and Nbl1 and the Wnt inhibitor Sfrp1. Gremlin1 (6.7 × reference gene expression) had highest levels of basal expression. ISH analysis showed Gremlin1 expression was restricted to the inner half of the gingival lamina propria and the PDL. Removal of Gremlin1 protein from GFCM eliminated the inhibitory effect of GFCM on ALP activity in ROS cells. Subsequent addition of recombinant Gremlin1 restored the inhibitory activity. Conclusions Factors secreted by gingival fibroblasts inhibit BMP‐induced bone formation and a range of BMP inhibitors are constitutively expressed in gingival connective tissues. These inhibitors, particularly Gremlin1, may limit coronal alveolar bone regenerative potential during oral and periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S Ghuman
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Guilherme Xavier
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian J McKay
- Department of Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francis J Hughes
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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38
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Brum AM, van der Leije CS, Schreuders‐Koedam M, Chaibi S, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ. Mucin 1 (Muc1) Deficiency in Female Mice Leads to Temporal Skeletal Changes During Aging. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:341-350. [PMID: 30460337 PMCID: PMC6237209 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin1 (MUC1) encodes a glycoprotein that has been demonstrated to have important roles in cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix interactions, cell signaling, modulating tumor progression and metastasis, and providing physical protection to cells against pathogens. In this study, we investigated the bone phenotype in female C57BL/6 Muc1 null mice and the impact of the loss of Muc1 on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We found that deletion of Muc1 results in reduced trabecular bone volume in 8-week-old mice compared with wild-type controls, but the trabecular bone volume fraction normalizes with increasing age. In mature female mice (16 weeks old), Muc1 deletion results in stiffer femoral bones with fewer osteoblasts lining the trabecular surface but increased endosteal mineralized surface and bone formation rate. The latter remains higher compared with wild-type females at age 52 weeks. No difference was found in osteoclast numbers in vivo and in bone marrow osteoblast or osteoclast differentiation capacity or activity in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that Muc1 depletion causes a transiently reduced trabecular bone mass phenotype in young mice, and later in life reduced numbers of osteoblasts with increased endocortical mineralization activity coincides with unaffected total bone mass and increased stiffness. In conclusion, our results show, for the first time to our knowledge, a role for Muc1 in bone mass and mineralization in mice in a time-dependent manner. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Brum
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Siham Chaibi
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Cordycepin Accelerates Osteoblast Mineralization and Attenuates Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5892957. [PMID: 30410556 PMCID: PMC6206560 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5892957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis destruction is triggered by the uncontrolled activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Targeting both the regulation of bone formation and resorption is a promising strategy for treating bone disorders. Cordycepin is a major component of Chinese caterpillar fungus Cordyceps militaris. It exerts a variety of biological actions in various cells and animal models. However, its function on bone metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, we discovered a dual-action function of cordycepin in murine MC3T3-E1 and RAW264.7 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium in the presence of 1 μM cordycepin for up two weeks. Cordycepin was used for effects of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Osteoblast differentiation was confirmed by alizarin red staining, ALP activity, western blot, and real-time PCR. Osteoclast differentiation and autophagic activity were confirmed via TRAP staining, pit formation assay, confocal microscopy, western blot, and real-time PCR. Cordycepin promoted osteoblast differentiation, matrix mineralization, and induction of osteoblast markers via BMP2/Runx2/Osterix pathway. On the other hand, RAW264.7 cells were differentiated into osteoclast by RANKL treatment for 72 h. 1 μM cordycepin significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and resorption activity through disturbing the actin ring-formatted sealing zone and activating cathepsin K and MMP9. These findings indicate that cordycepin might be an innovative dual-action therapeutic agent for bone disease caused by an imbalance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Association betweenGREM2 gene polymorphism with osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 228:238-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ma JY, You D, Li WY, Lu XL, Sun S, Li HW. Bone morphogenetic proteins and inner ear development. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 20:131-145. [PMID: 30112880 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the largest subfamily of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, and they play important roles in the development of numerous organs, including the inner ear. The inner ear is a relatively small organ but has a highly complex structure and is involved in both hearing and balance. Here, we discuss BMPs and BMP signaling pathways and then focus on the role of BMP signal pathway regulation in the development of the inner ear and the implications this has for the treatment of human hearing loss and balance dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yao Ma
- Ear, Nose & Throat Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dan You
- Ear, Nose & Throat Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Ear, Nose & Throat Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lu
- Ear, Nose & Throat Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Ear, Nose & Throat Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hua-Wei Li
- Ear, Nose & Throat Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Fujita S, Hasegawa T, Nishiyama Y, Fujisawa S, Nakano Y, Nada T, Iwata N, Kamada Y, Masuyama H, Otsuka F. Interaction between orexin A and bone morphogenetic protein system on progesterone biosynthesis by rat granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:73-79. [PMID: 29545164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of orexins in reproductive function has been gradually uncovered. However, the functional role of orexins in ovarian steroidogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of orexin A on ovarian steroidogenesis by using rat primary granulosa cells that express both OX1 and OX2 receptors for orexins. Treatment with orexin A enhanced progesterone, but not estradiol, biosynthesis induced by FSH, whereas it did not affect basal levels of progesterone or estradiol. In accordance with the effects on steroidogenesis, orexin A increased the mRNA levels of progesterogenic enzymes, including StAR, P450scc and 3βHSD, but not P450arom, and cellular cAMP synthesis induced by FSH. Under the condition of blockage of endogenous BMP actions by noggin or BMP-signaling inhibitors, orexin A failed to increase levels of progesterone synthesis induced by FSH treatment, suggesting that endogenous BMP activity in granulosa cells might be involved in the enhancement of progesterone synthesis by orexin A. Treatment with orexin A impaired Smad1/5/9 activation as well as Id-1 mRNA expression stimulated by BMP-6 and BMP-7, the latter of which was reversed by treatment with an OX1 antagonist. It was also found that orexin A suppressed the mRNA expression of both type-I and -II receptors for BMPs and increased that of inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 in granulosa cells. On the other hand, treatments with BMP-6 and -7 suppressed the expression of OX1 and OX2. Collectively, the results indicated that orexin A enhances FSH-induced progesterone production, at least in part, by downregulating BMP signaling in granulosa cells. Thus, a new role of orexin A in facilitating progesterone synthesis and functional interaction between the orexin and BMP systems in granulosa cells were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishiyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nada
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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43
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Souza AT, Bezerra BL, Oliveira FS, Freitas GP, Bighetti Trevisan RL, Oliveira PT, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein 9 on osteoblast differentiation of cells grown on titanium with nanotopography. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8441-8449. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alann T.P. Souza
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Barbara L.S. Bezerra
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fabiola S. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gileade P. Freitas
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Rayana L. Bighetti Trevisan
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Paulo T. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Adalberto L. Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcio M. Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
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Yang Y, Yuan J, Yao X, Zhang R, Yang H, Zhao R, Guo J, Jin K, Mei H, Luo Y, Zhao L, Tu M, Zhu Y. BMPR1B mutation causes Pierre Robin sequence. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25864-25871. [PMID: 28418932 PMCID: PMC5432222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated a large family with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Aim of the study This study aims to determine the genetic cause of PRS. Results The reciprocal translocation t(4;6)(q22;p21) was identified to be segregated with PRS in a three-generation family. Whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing successfully detected breakpoints in the intragenic regions of BMRP1B and GRM4. We hypothesized that PRS in this family was caused by (i) haploinsufficiency for BMPR1B or (ii) a gain of function mechanism mediated by the BMPR1B-GRM4 fusion gene. In an unrelated family, we identified another BMPR1B-splicing mutation that co-segregated with PRS. Conclusion We detected two BMPR1B mutations in two unrelated PRS families, suggesting that BMPR1B disruption is probably a cause of human PRS. Methods GTG banding, comparative genomic hybridization, whole-genome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the gene causing PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Yang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Institute of Emergency Medicine, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianying Yuan
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Division of Neonatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Division of Neonatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Jihong Guo
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Jin
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Mei
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqi Luo
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Tu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Institute of Emergency Medicine, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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45
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Canalis E. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Novel anabolic treatments for osteoporosis. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R33-R44. [PMID: 29113980 PMCID: PMC5819362 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal anabolic agents enhance bone formation, which is determined by the number and function of osteoblasts. Signals that influence the differentiation and function of cells of the osteoblast lineage play a role in the mechanism of action of anabolic agents in the skeleton. Wnts induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward osteoblasts, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) enhances the function of mature osteoblasts. The activity of Wnt and IGF-I is controlled by proteins that bind to the growth factor or to its receptors. Sclerostin is a Wnt antagonist that binds to Wnt co-receptors and prevents Wnt signal activation. Teriparatide, a 1-34 amino terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and abaloparatide, a modified 1-34 amino terminal fragment of PTH-related peptide (PTHrp), induce IGF-I, increase bone mineral density (BMD), reduce the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures and are approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Romosozumab, a humanized anti-sclerostin antibody, increases bone formation, decreases bone resorption, increases BMD and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures. An increased incidence of cardiovascular events has been associated with romosozumab, which is yet to be approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. In conclusion, cell and molecular studies have formed the foundation for the development of new anabolic therapies for osteoporosis with proven efficacy on the incidence of new fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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46
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Marie PJ, Cohen-Solal M. The Expanding Life and Functions of Osteogenic Cells: From Simple Bone-Making Cells to Multifunctional Cells and Beyond. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:199-210. [PMID: 29206311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades, important progress in bone cell biology and in human and mouse genetics led to major advances in our understanding of the life and functions of cells of the osteoblast lineage. Previously unrecognized sources of osteogenic cells have been identified. Novel cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling osteoblast differentiation and senescence have been determined. New mechanisms of communications between osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, as well as novel links between osteogenic cells and blood vessels have been identified. Additionally, cells of the osteoblast lineage were shown to be important components of the hematopoietic niche and to be implicated in hematologic dysfunctions and malignancy. Lastly, unexpected interactions were found between osteogenic cells and several soft tissues, including the central nervous system, gut, muscle, fat, and testis through the release of paracrine factors, making osteogenic cells multifunctional regulatory cells, in addition to their bone-making function. These discoveries considerably enlarged our vision of the life and functions of osteogenic cells, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutics with immediate applications in bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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47
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Afaloniati H, Karagiannis GS, Hardas A, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K. Inflammation-driven colon neoplasmatogenesis in uPA-deficient mice is associated with an increased expression of Runx transcriptional regulators. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Aquino-Martínez R, Angelo AP, Pujol FV. Calcium-containing scaffolds induce bone regeneration by regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and migration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:265. [PMID: 29145866 PMCID: PMC5689169 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoinduction and subsequent bone formation rely on efficient mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment. It is also known that migration is induced by gradients of growth factors and cytokines. Degradation of Ca2+-containing biomaterials mimics the bone remodeling compartment producing a localized calcium-rich osteoinductive microenvironment. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) on MSC migration. In addition, to evaluate the influence of CaSO4 on MSC differentiation and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Methods A circular calvarial bone defect (5 mm diameter) was created in the parietal bone of 35 Balb-C mice. We prepared and implanted a cell-free agarose/gelatin scaffold alone or in combination with different CaSO4 concentrations into the bone defects. After 7 weeks, we determined the new bone regenerated by micro-CT and histological analysis. In vitro, we evaluated the CaSO4 effects on MSC migration by both wound healing and agarose spot assays. Osteoblastic gene expression after BMP-2 and CaSO4 treatment was also evaluated by qPCR. Results CaSO4 increased MSC migration and bone formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Micro-CT analysis showed that the addition of CaSO4 significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to the scaffold alone. The histological evaluation confirmed an increased number of endogenous cells recruited into the cell-free CaSO4-containing scaffolds. Furthermore, MSC migration in vitro and active AKT levels were attenuated when CaSO4 and BMP-2 were in combination. Addition of LY294002 and Wortmannin abrogated the CaSO4 effects on MSC migration. Conclusions Specific CaSO4 concentrations induce bone regeneration of calvarial defects in part by acting on the host’s undifferentiated MSCs and promoting their migration. Progenitor cell recruitment is followed by a gradual increment in osteoblast gene expression. Moreover, CaSO4 regulates BMP-2-induced MSC migration by differentially activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Altogether, these results suggest that CaSO4 scaffolds could have potential applications for bone regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0713-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Aquino-Martínez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alcira P Angelo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura Pujol
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Mostowska A, Biedziak B, Zadurska M, Bogdanowicz A, Olszewska A, Cieślińska K, Firlej E, Jagodziński PP. GREM2
nucleotide variants and the risk of tooth agenesis. Oral Dis 2017; 24:591-599. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - B Biedziak
- Division of Facial Malformation; Department of Dental Surgery; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - M Zadurska
- Department of Orthodontics; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - A Bogdanowicz
- Orthodoctic Clinic; Poznan University Hospital of Dentistry and Specialty Medicine; Poznan Poland
| | - A Olszewska
- Division of Facial Malformation; Department of Dental Surgery; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - K Cieślińska
- Division of Facial Malformation; Department of Dental Surgery; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - E Firlej
- Division of Facial Malformation; Department of Dental Surgery; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - PP Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
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50
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Yu X, Kawakami H, Tahara N, Olmer M, Hayashi S, Akiyama R, Bagchi A, Lotz M, Kawakami Y. Expression of Noggin and Gremlin1 and its implications in fine-tuning BMP activities in mouse cartilage tissues. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1671-1682. [PMID: 27769098 PMCID: PMC5933441 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the idea that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate cartilage maintenance in the adult skeleton. The aim of this study is to obtain insight into the regulation of BMP activities in the adult skeletal system. We analyzed expression of Noggin and Gremlin1, BMP antagonists that are known to regulate embryonic skeletal development, in the adult skeletal system by Noggin-LacZ and Gremlin1-LacZ knockin reporter mouse lines. Both reporters are expressed in the adult skeleton in a largely overlapping manner with some distinct patterns. Both are detected in the articular cartilage, pubic symphysis, facet joint in the vertebrae, and intervertebral disk, suggesting that they regulate BMP activities in these tissues. In a surgically induced knee osteoarthritis model in mice, expression of Noggin mRNA was lost from the articular cartilage, which correlated with loss of BMP2/4 and pSMAD1/5/8, an indicator of active BMP signaling. Both reporters are also expressed in the sterna and rib cartilage, suggesting an extensive role of BMP antagonism in adult cartilage tissue. Moreover, Noggin-LacZ was detected in sutures in the skull and broadly in the nasal cartilage, while Gremlin1-LacZ exhibits a weaker and more restricted expression domain in the nasal cartilage. These results suggest broad regulation of BMP activities by Noggin and Gremlin1 in cartilage tissues in the adult skeleton, and that BMP signaling and its antagonism by NOGGIN play a role in osteoarthritis development. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1671-1682, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Hiroko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Naoyuki Tahara
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shinichi Hayashi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryutaro Akiyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Anindya Bagchi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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