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Kariim I, Park JY, Kazmi WW, Swai H, Lee IG, Kivevele T. Solvothermal liquefaction of orange peels into biocrude: An experimental investigation of biocrude yield and energy compositional dependency on process variables. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129928. [PMID: 37914051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficient valorization of biomass for energy-derived biocrudes is essential for effective waste management. However, the production of biocrudes with high energy and reduced oxygen contents during the liquefaction process requires further insight. Therefore, the impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and bioproduct's yield enhancement were investigated. The biocrudes obtained were characterized using elemental analysis, GC-MS, FTIR, GPC and TGA to understand the effects of process parameters on the biocrudes' compositions. An improved HHV (38.18 MJ/kg) and lower O/C ratio (0.11) were obtained at 430 °C, 35 min and 50% ethanol with a significant improvement in the enhancement factor, deoxygenation, and percentage hydrogenation of 2.63, 36.88%, and 77.87%, respectively. The presence of ketones, hydrocarbons, phenolics and aromatics of 23.74, 4.28, 37.20 and 17.81% respectively indicate the potential of the obtained biocrude as renewable energy sources upon further upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Kariim
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna P. M. B 65, Nigeria; Bioresource Circulation Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Bioresource Circulation Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea
| | - Wajahat Waheed Kazmi
- Bioresource Circulation Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea; University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Hulda Swai
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering (LiSBE), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - In-Gu Lee
- Bioresource Circulation Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea; University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Thomas Kivevele
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
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Hedayati Marzbali M, Saberi A, Halder P, Paz-Ferreiro J, Dasappa S, Shah K. Mechanistic and kinetic study of the hydrothermal treatment of paunch waste. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Subcritical Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Process Rejects at a Wastepaper-Based Paper Mill with Waste Soybean Oil. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study used the subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction technique (SHLT) in the co- liquefaction of process rejects at a wastepaper-based paper mill (PRWPM) and waste soybean oil (WSO) for the production of biofuels and bio-char material. PRWPM emits complicated waste composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and plastic from sealing film. The waste is produced from the recycled paper process of a mill plant located in central Taiwan. The source of WSO is the rejected organic waste from a cooking oil factory located in north Taiwan. PRWPM and WSO are suitable for use as fuels, but due to their high oxygen content, their use as commercial liquid fuels is not frequent, thus making deoxygenation and hydrogenation necessary. The temperature and pressure of SHLT were set at 523–643 K and 40–250 bar, respectively. The experimental conditions included solvent ratios of oil–water, temperature, reaction time, and ratios of solvent to PRWPM. The analysis results contained approximated components, heating values, elements, surface features, simulated distillations, product compositions, and recovery yields. The HHV of the product occurred at an oil–water ratio of 75:25, with a value of 38.04 MJ kg−1. At an oil–water ratio of 25:75, the liquid oil-phase product of SHTL has the highest heating value 42.02 MJ kg−1. Higher WSO content implies a lower heating value of the oil-phase product. The simulated distillation result of the oil-phase product with higher content of alcohol and alkanes obtained at the oil–water ratio of 25:75 is better than the other ratios. Here, the carbon number of the oil product is between C8–C36. The product conversion rate rises with an increase of the WSO ratio. It is proved that blending soybean oil with water can significantly enhance the quality of liquefied oil and the conversion rate of PRWPM. Therefore, the solid and liquid biomass wastes co-liquefaction to produce gas and liquid biofuels under SHLT are quite feasible.
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Abstract
The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the marine sector were around 2.6% of world GHG emissions in 2015 and are expected to increase 50%–250% to 2050 under a “business as usual” scenario, making the decarbonization of this fossil fuel-intensive sector an urgent priority. Biofuels, which come in various forms, are one of the most promising options to replace existing marine fuels for accomplishing this in the short to medium term. Some unique challenges, however, impede biofuels penetration in the shipping sector, including the low cost of the existing fuels, the extensive present-day refueling infrastructure, and the exclusion of the sector from the Paris climate agreement. To address this, it is necessary to first identify those biofuels best suited for deployment as marine fuel. In this work, the long list of possible biofuel candidates has been narrowed down to four high-potential options—bio-methanol, bio-dimethyl ether, bio-liquefied natural gas, and bio-oil. These options are further evaluated based on six criteria—cost, potential availability, present technology status, GHG mitigation potential, infrastructure compatibility, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) compatibility—via both an extensive literature review and stakeholder discussions. These four candidates turn out to be relatively evenly matched overall, but each possesses certain strengths and shortcomings that could favor that fuel under specific circumstances, such as if compatibility with existing shipping infrastructure or with CCS deployment become pivotal requirements. Furthermore, we pay particular attention to the possibility of integrating deployment of these biofuels with CCS to further reduce marine sector emissions. It is shown that this aspect is presently not on the radar of the industry stakeholders but is likely to grow in importance as CCS acceptability increases in the broader green energy sector.
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Effect of nanobubble water on anaerobic methane production from lignin. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising thermochemical process to treat wet feedstocks and convert them to chemicals and fuels. In this study, the effects of final temperature (300, 325, and 350 °C), reaction time (30 and 60 min), rice-straw-to-water ratio (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 (wt./wt.)), methanol-to-water ratio (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (vol.%/vol.%)), and alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, and K2CO3) on product yields, composition of bio-crude, higher heating value (HHV) of bio-crude and bio-char, and energy recovery on HTL of rice straw are investigated. At the optimal processing condition corresponding to the final temperature of 300 °C, 60 min reaction time, and rice-straw-to-water ratio of 1:10 at a final pressure of 18 MPa, the bio-crude yield was 12.3 wt.% with low oxygen content (14.2 wt.%), high HHV (35.3 MJ/kg), and good energy recovery (36%). The addition of methanol as co-solvent to water at 50:50 vol.%/vol.% improved the yield of bio-crude up to 36.8 wt.%. The selectivity to phenolic compounds was high (49%–58%) when only water was used as the solvent, while the addition of methanol reduced the selectivity to phenolics (13%–22%), and improved the selectivity to methyl esters (51%–73%), possibly due to esterification reactions. The addition of KOH further improved the yield of bio-crude to 40 wt.% in an equal composition of methanol:water at the optimal condition. The energy-consumption ratio was less than unity for the methanol and catalyst system, suggesting that the process is energetically feasible in the presence of a co-solvent.
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Chen Y, Cao X, Zhu S, Tian F, Xu Y, Zhu C, Dong L. Synergistic hydrothermal liquefaction of wheat stalk with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst at low temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:92-98. [PMID: 30684728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Na2CO3, Fe and Na2CO3 + Fe during hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wheat stalk with different temperature and reaction time was investigated in this study. The results indicated that Na2CO3 + Fe can promote the cracking of wheat stalk compared with Na2CO3 or Fe. Meanwhile, higher temperature favored the decomposition of wheat stalk and formation of heavy bio-oil. The highest heavy bio-oil yield was 24.25 wt% and the maximum liquefaction conversion rate was 89.45 wt% in system of Na2CO3 + Fe at 270 °C. The analysis results indicated that longer reaction time could promote liquefaction conversion especially for heavy bio-oil with Na2CO3 + Fe during the process of HTL. GC-MS, UPLC-MS and FT-IR analysis indicated that the major organic compounds in heavy bio-oil were aromatic compounds, alcohols, ketones, alkanes, and aldehydes, among of them aromatic compounds were the most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Chen
- Zhoukou Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wenchang Avenue, Zhoukou, Henan, China.
| | - Xiudi Cao
- Zhoukou Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wenchang Avenue, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Zhoukou Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wenchang Avenue, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Fengshou Tian
- Zhoukou Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wenchang Avenue, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Yongyan Xu
- Zhoukou Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wenchang Avenue, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhu
- Zhoukou Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wenchang Avenue, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Zhoukou Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wenchang Avenue, Zhoukou, Henan, China
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Hydrothermal conversion of biomass (Xanthium strumarium) to energetic materials and comparison with other thermochemical methods. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kapusta K. Effect of ultrasound pretreatment of municipal sewage sludge on characteristics of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:183-190. [PMID: 32559903 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction experiments with a moist (water content 80.64 wt%) municipal sewage sludge (SS) were conducted at 280, 300, 320, 340 and 360 °C for raw and ultrasound pretreated (energy input 4500 kJ/kg of solid matter) sludge. The main aim of the experiments was to explore the effects of ultrasounds on yields and composition of bio-oil and liquefaction by-products (gas and char). The bio-oils obtained were viscous, dark brown liquids with a specific odor and heating values in the range 31.39-37.35 MJ/kg. A temperature of 320 °C was found to be the optimum for the maximum yields of the SS-derived bio-oil. During the tests a significant effect of ultrasounds on bio-oil yields was proven. A positive effect of ultrasound energy input was observed at each of the liquefaction temperatures and the maximum effect (increase of 19 wt% in bio-oil yield) was achieved at 320 °C. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the bio-oils were complex mixtures of many chemical compounds belonging to different chemical classes: aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, N-aliphatics, phenols, aromatic esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and carboxylic acids. It was found that influence of ultrasounds on the chemical composition of the bio-oils was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kapusta
- Główny Instytut Górnictwa (Central Mining Institute), Plac Gwarków 1, Katowice 40-166, Poland.
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Huang Z, Wufuer A, Wang Y, Dai L. Hydrothermal liquefaction of pretreated low-lipid microalgae for the production of bio-oil with low heteroatom content. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen K, Hao S, Lyu H, Luo G, Zhang S, Chen J. Ion exchange separation for recovery of monosaccharides, organic acids and phenolic compounds from hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen H, Wan J, Chen K, Luo G, Fan J, Clark J, Zhang S. Biogas production from hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (HTLWW): Focusing on the microbial communities as revealed by high-throughput sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:98-107. [PMID: 27697689 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an emerging and promising technology for the conversion of wet biomass into bio-crude, however, little attention has been paid to the utilization of hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (HTLWW) with high concentration of organics. The present study investigated biogas production from wastewater obtained from HTL of straw for bio-crude production, with focuses on the analysis of the microbial communities and characterization of the organics. Batch experiments showed the methane yield of HTLWW (R-HTLWW) was 184 mL/g COD, while HTLWW after petroleum ether extraction (PE-HTLWW), to extract additional bio-crude, had higher methane yield (235 mL/g COD) due to the extraction of recalcitrant organic compounds. Sequential batch experiments further demonstrated the higher methane yield of PE-HTLWW. LC-TOF-MS, HPLC and gel filtration chromatography showed organics with molecular weight (MW) < 1000 were well degraded. Results from the high-throughput sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes analysis showed similar microbial community compositions were obtained for the reactors fed with either R-HTLWW or PE-HTLWW. The degradation of fatty acids were related with Mesotoga infera, Syntrophomonas wolfei et al. by species level identification. However, the species related to the degradation of other compounds (e.g. phenols) were not found, which could be due to the presence of uncharacterized microorganisms. It was also found previously proposed criteria (97% and 98.65% similarity) for species identification of 16S rRNA genes were not suitable for a fraction of 16S rRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kaifei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Salimi M, Safari F, Tavasoli A, Shakeri A. Hydrothermal gasification of different agricultural wastes in supercritical water media for hydrogen production: a comparative study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-016-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cao X, Peng X, Sun S, Zhong L, Sun R. Hydrothermal conversion of bamboo: identification and distribution of the components in solid residue, water-soluble and acetone-soluble fractions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:12360-12365. [PMID: 25474737 DOI: 10.1021/jf505074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal conversion is an important thermochemical process to upgrade low-cost lignocellulose into valuable chemicals or fuels. Studies on hydrothermal products compositions and their distributions are of great significance in lignocellulose upgradation. In this work, the major products of bamboo hydrothermally treated at 180-240 °C for 3-60 min and their distributions were comparatively studied. According to the hydrothermal conditions, the hydrothermal products were composed of 37.11-89.98% of solid residues, 4.51-20.41% of water-soluble fractions (WS), and 4.23-16.17% of acetone-soluble fractions (AS). The products in WS fractions mainly consisted of furfural (FF), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and phenolic compounds, while the products in AS fractions were mainly 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and complex aromatic compounds with multibenzene rings. Additionally, the highest yields of FF (33.4%) and HMF (15.6%) were observed at 200 °C for 60 min and 240 °C for 60 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Hydrothermal conversion of xylose, glucose, and cellulose under the catalysis of transition metal sulfates. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 118:44-51. [PMID: 25542106 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal conversion (HTC) is an important thermochemical process to upgrade low-cost biomass into valuable chemicals or fuels. As compared with non-catalytic HTC, catalytic HTC shows high energy efficiency on biomass upgradation. In this work, the catalytic performances of various transition metal sulfates (Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+)) in the HTCs of xylose, glucose, and cellulose under different conditions were explored. Among these catalysts, Zn(2+) and Ni(2+) showed obvious effects on the conversions of xylose, glucose, and cellulose into lactic acid, while Cu(2+) and Fe(3+), which could significantly accelerate the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose at 200°C, displayed high efficiency on converting glucose and cellulose into levulinic acid and formic acid at high temperature. Additionally, significant positive correlative relationships among xylose, glucose, and cellulose degradations were observed. This study is helpful for screening appropriate catalysts for biomass upgradation through catalytic HTC of monosaccharide.
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Li W, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Xu G. Anaerobic Digestion of Yard Waste with Hydrothermal Pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2670-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tekin K, Karagöz S, Bektaş S. Hydrothermal liquefaction of beech wood using a natural calcium borate mineral. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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