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Zhang H, Si P, Kong Q, Ma J. Transcriptome reveals the toxicity and genetic response of zebrafish to naphthenic acids and benzo[a]pyrene at ambient concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114700. [PMID: 36863161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are typical contaminants in heavily crude oil. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is also a component of crude oil, but their combined effects have not been systematically explored. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used as the test organisms, and behavioral indicators and enzyme activities were used as toxicity indicators. Combined with the effects of environmental concentrations, the toxic effects of low concentrations of commercially available NAs (0.5 mg/LNA) and benzo[a]pyrene (0.8 μg/LBaP) at single and compound exposures (0.5 mg/LNA and 0.8 μg/LBaP) were assayed in zebrafish, and transcriptome sequencing technology was used to explore the molecular mechanism of the two compounds affecting zebrafish from the molecular biology level. Sensitive molecular markers that could indicate the presence of contaminants were screened. The results showed that (1) zebrafish in the NA and BaP exposure groups exhibited increased locomotor behavior, and the mixed exposure group exhibited inhibition of locomotor behavior. Oxidative stress biomarkers showed increased activity under single exposure and decreased activity under the mixed exposure. (2) NA stress led to changes in the activity of transporters and the intensity of energy metabolism; BaP directly stimulates the pathway of actin production. When the two compounds are combined, the excitability of neurons in the central nervous system is decreased, and the actin-related genes are down-regulated. (3) After BaP and Mix treatments, genes were enriched in the cytokine-receptor interaction and actin signal pathway, while NA increased the toxic effect on the mixed treatment group. In general, the interaction between NA and BaP has a synergistic effect on the transcription of zebrafish nerve and motor behavior-related genes, resulting in increased toxicity under combined exposure. The changes in expression of various zebrafish genes are manifested in the changes in the normal movement behavior of zebrafish and the intensification of oxidative stress in the apparent behavior and physiological indicators. CAPSULE ABSTRACT: We investigated the toxicity and genetic alterations caused by NA, B[a]P, and their mixtures in zebrafish in an aquatic environment using transcriptome sequencing technology and comprehensive behavioral analysis. These changes involved energy metabolism, the generation of muscle cells, and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Panpan Si
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jinyue Ma
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China
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2
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Bonatesta F, Khursigara AJ, Ackerly KL, Esbaugh AJ, Mager EM. Early life-stage Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure induces latent osmoregulatory defects in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109405. [PMID: 35811062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Crude oil is known to induce developmental defects in teleost fish exposed during early-life stages (ELSs). A recent study has demonstrated that zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae acutely exposed to Deepwater Horizon (DHW) crude oil showed transcriptional changes in key genes involved in early kidney (pronephros) development and function, which were coupled with pronephric morphological defects. Given the osmoregulatory importance of the kidney, it is unknown whether ELS effects arising from short-term crude exposures result in long-term osmoregulatory defects, particularly within estuarine fishes likely exposed to DWH oil following the spill. To address this knowledge gap, an acute 72 h exposure to red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae was performed using high-energy water-accommodated fractions (HEWAFs) of DWH weathered oil to analyze transcriptional changes in genes involved in pronephros development and function by quantitative PCR. To test the latent effects of oil exposure on osmoregulation ability, red drum larvae were first exposed to HEWAF for 24 h. Larvae were then reared in clean seawater for two weeks and a 96 h acute osmotic challenge test was performed by exposing the fish to waters with varying salinities. Latent effects of ELS crude oil exposure on osmoregulation were assessed by quantifying survival during the acute osmotic challenge test and analyzing transcriptional changes at 14 dpf. Results demonstrated that ELS crude oil exposure reduced survival of red drum larvae when challenged in hypoosmotic waters and that latent transcriptional changes in some target pronephric genes were evident, indicating that an affected kidney likely contributed to the increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bonatesta
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Kerri L Ackerly
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Lim S, Kang H, Kwon B, Lee JP, Lee J, Choi K. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism for screening nephrotoxic chemicals and related mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113842. [PMID: 35810668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of essential role in homeostasis of the body fluid and excretion of wastes, kidney damage can lead to severe impacts on health and survival of humans. For most chemicals, nephrotoxic potentials and associated mechanisms are unclear. Hence, fast and sensitive screening measures for nephrotoxic chemicals are required. In this study, the utility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was evaluated for the investigation of chemical-induced kidney toxicity and associated modes of toxicity, based on the literature review. Zebrafish has a well-understood biology, and many overlapping physiological characteristics with mammals. One such characteristic is its kidneys, of which histology and functions are similar to those of mammals, although unique differences of zebrafish kidneys, such as kidney marrow, should be noted. Moreover, the zebrafish kidney is simpler in structure and easy to observe. For these advantages, zebrafish has been increasingly used as an experimental model for screening nephrotoxicity of chemicals and for understanding related mechanisms. Multiple endpoints of zebrafish model, from functional level, i.e., glomerular filtration, to transcriptional changes of key genes, have been assessed to identify chemical-induced kidney toxicities, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. The most frequently studied mechanisms of chemical-induced nephrotoxicity in zebrafish include oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, apoptosis, fibrosis, and cell death. To date, several pharmaceuticals, oxidizing agents, natural products, biocides, alcohols, and consumer chemicals have been demonstrated to exert different types of kidney toxicities in zebrafish. The present review shows that zebrafish model can be efficiently employed for quick and reliable assessment of kidney damage potentials of chemicals, and related toxic mechanisms. The toxicological information obtained from this model can be utilized for identification of nephrotoxic chemicals and hence for protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Lim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Habyeong Kang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Bareum Kwon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bonatesta F, Emadi C, Price ER, Wang Y, Greer JB, Xu EG, Schlenk D, Grosell M, Mager EM. The developing zebrafish kidney is impaired by Deepwater Horizon crude oil early-life stage exposure: A molecular to whole-organism perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151988. [PMID: 34838918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil is known to induce developmental defects in teleost fish exposed during early life stages (ELSs). While most studies in recent years have focused on cardiac endpoints, evidence from whole-animal transcriptomic analyses and studies with individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate that the developing kidney (i.e., pronephros) is also at risk. Considering the role of the pronephros in osmoregulation, and the common observance of edema in oil-exposed ELS fish, surprisingly little is known regarding the effects of oil exposure on pronephros development and function. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) ELSs, we assessed the transcriptional and morphological responses to two dilutions of high-energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAF) of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using a combination of qPCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WM-ISH) of candidate genes involved in pronephros development and function, and immunohistochemistry (WM-IHC). To assess potential functional impacts on the pronephros, three 24 h osmotic challenges (2 hypo-osmotic, 1 near iso-osmotic) were implemented at two developmental time points (48 and 96 h post fertilization; hpf) following exposure to HEWAF. Changes in transcript expression level and location specific to different regions of the pronephros were observed by qPCR and WM-ISH. Further, pronephros morphology was altered in crude oil exposed larvae, characterized by failed glomerulus and neck segment formation, and straightening of the pronephric tubules. The osmotic challenges at 96 hpf greatly exacerbated edema in both HEWAF-exposed groups regardless of osmolarity. By contrast, larvae at 48 hpf exhibited no edema prior to the osmotic challenge, but previous HEWAF exposure elicited a concentration-response increase in edema at hypo-osmotic conditions that appeared to have been largely alleviated under near iso-osmotic conditions. In summary, ELS HEWAF exposure impaired proper pronephros development in zebrafish, which coupled with cardiotoxic effects, most likely reduced or inhibited pronephros fluid clearance capacity and increased edema formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bonatesta
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Cameron Emadi
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Edwin R Price
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin B Greer
- Western Fisheries Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Bauer B, Mally A, Liedtke D. Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13417. [PMID: 34948215 PMCID: PMC8707050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Angela Mally
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniel Liedtke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Sha W, Cai F, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Wang R, Gao P. Biomarker responses and histological damage in the gill, liver, and gonad of Cyprinus carpio with benzo(a)pyrene exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61290-61301. [PMID: 34176044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in aquatic organisms is a global concern. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of different doses of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on Cyprinus carpio in microcosms from the following aspects: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the gill, liver, and gonad; glutathione s-transferase (GST), aromatic hydroxylase (AHH), and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the liver; and altered tissue and cellular structures of the gill, liver,and gonad. SOD and POD activity in the gill, liver, and gonad increased in low-dose BaP groups and significantly decreased with an increase in BaP. MDA content increased continuously with an increase in BaP in the gill, liver, and gonad. The activity of enzymes related to detoxification, specifically GST, AHH, and EROD, gradually increased in the liver with an increase in BaP. Upon exposure to BaP, gill hypertrophy, bulging, necrosis, and cavitation occurred, gonadal cells became larger, with an increase in pyknotic or vacuolar nuclei, bulging and cavitation of organelles, and cytoplasm leakage, and nuclear membrane lysis was observed in the liver. Collectively, BaP exposure changed the SOD and POD activity in the gill, liver, and gonad of carp with increases in MDA content, increased GST, AHH, and EROD activity in liver, and damaged the tissue and cellular structures of the gill, liver, and gonad, revealing the toxic effects of BaP exposure on carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Sha
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengsen Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Peike Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China.
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A Chemical Synthesis of Benzo[ a]pyrene Hapten and Its Application in a Streptavidin-Horseradish Peroxidase-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunological Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8673476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific BaP hapten was synthesized and BaP antigens (immunogen, coating antigen) were prepared using diverse methods. Based on these works, a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase-based enzyme-linked immunological analysis was developed and firstly used to detect BaP. Several physiochemical factors that may influence the assay performance were optimized in the assay. Under optimal conditions, a detection limit of 0.0094 ng mL−1 was obtained and good linearity was achieved within a range of 0.03–35.40 ng mL−1. Satisfactory recovery of spiked samples (91.12–109.23%) was obtained and the coefficient of variation was acceptable. Finally, the detection results of BaP in environmental and food samples were consistent with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography. The proposed immunoassay is reliable and has great potential for detecting trace amounts of BaP.
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Development of an Indirect Competitive ELISA Kit for the Rapid Detection of Benzopyrene Residues. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sharma P, Sharma S, Patial V, Singh D, Padwad YS. Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A potential model for nephroprotective drug screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cqn.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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